Nanochitosan/Fe3O4 blend for S-alizarin red dye removal.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: S-alizarin red dye removal from aqueous solution using nanochitosan/iron oxide nanoparticles/tamarind shell blend
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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E. Jothi and Vijayalakshmi K.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: S-alizarin red dye removal from aqueous solution using nanochitosan/iron oxide nanoparticles/tamarind shell blend
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20188-11166
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The research focuses on the removal of S-Alizarin red dye from aqueous solutions using a ternary blend comprised of nanochitosan, iron oxide nanoparticles, and tamarind shell. As dye-bearing wastewater causes significant environmental disruption, notably in aquatic ecosystems, effective treatment methods are urgently required. The study examines the adsorption capabilities of this blend, which interacted with the dye to achieve a considerable removal efficiency of about 75%. Investigating factors such as contact time and kinetic models, the findings present insights into this innovative biosorption technique, which has implications for wastewater treatment on an industrial scale.
Pseudo Second Order Kinetics of Dye Adsorption
One of the crucial findings of the study relates to the kinetics of the adsorption process, particularly the characteristics observed in the pseudo second order kinetic model. The kinetic studies indicated that the dye adsorption process was governed by chemisorption, implying a greater intimacy between the adsorbate and the adsorbent. By plotting the relationship between time and the adsorbed amount of dye, it was established that the adsorption followed this second-order model more closely than the first-order model, as indicated by a higher correlation coefficient. This enhances the understanding of how the dye interacts with the prepared adsorbent blend.
Adsorption Mechanism and Influencing Factors
The research emphasizes the significance of contact time on the efficiency of dye removal from the solution. The results illustrated that maximum dye adsorption occurred within 30 to 90 minutes, after which an equilibrium state was reached. The initial high concentration gradient and a surplus of available adsorption sites contributed to this rapid removal rate, which levelled off as sites became saturated. This insight on timing is critical for optimizing wastewater treatment processes and improving the operational efficiency of the treatment system utilizing the developed blend.
Physicochemical Properties and Syntheses of the Blend
Another important aspect of the study involves the preparation and characterization of the nanochitosan/iron oxide nanoparticles/tamarind shell blend. Each component was meticulously synthesized to ensure optimal functional properties for effective adsorption. The use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the successful blending and interaction of the constituents, as it characterized the functional groups and demonstrated the effective combinations that enhanced adsorption capacity. This careful blend development highlights how the physicochemical properties of the materials can enhance the effectiveness of dye removal processes.
Conclusion
The findings indicate that the modified nanochitosan/iron oxide nanoparticles/tamarind shell blend is an effective solution for treating dye-contaminated wastewater. With a removal efficiency of 75% achievable in just 120 minutes, and an adsorption mechanism governed by pseudo second order kinetics, this innovative approach showcases substantial promise for industrial applications. Through exploiting the unique properties of each material, the blend demonstrates a viable method for addressing the growing challenge of dye pollution in water bodies, which poses severe risks to ecological and human health. This research underscores the importance of developing low-cost, efficient alternatives for wastewater management.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the research conducted by E. Jothi and Vijayalakshmi?
The research focuses on removing S-Alizarin red dye from aqueous solutions using a ternary blend of nanochitosan, iron oxide nanoparticles, and tamarind shell in batch mode on a laboratory scale.
What percentage of S-Alizarin red dye was removed from the solution?
Approximately 75% of S-Alizarin red dye was removed from the aqueous solution during the study, indicating the efficacy of the prepared adsorbent blend in dye effluent treatment.
Which kinetic model best describes the adsorption process in this study?
The kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process follows the pseudo second-order kinetic model, indicating a chemisorption mechanism dominant in the dye removal process.
What materials were used to create the ternary blend for dye removal?
The ternary blend was created using nanochitosan, iron oxide nanoparticles, and tamarind shell, chosen for their accessibility, low cost, and environmental friendliness.
Why is S-Alizarin red dye chosen for this research?
S-Alizarin red dye is selected due to its complex structure, which makes it resistant to degradation, posing potential toxicity to aquatic life and experts in wastewater treatment.
What significant findings were reported in the conclusion of the study?
The study concluded that the prepared blend effectively treated dye-contaminated wastewater, achieving a 75% removal efficiency, highlighting its potential for broader applications in treating various pollutants.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Nanochitosan/Fe3O4 blend for S-alizarin red dye removal.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Tamarind:
Tamarind refers to the pod-like fruit of the Tamarindus indica tree, commonly found in tropical regions. It is significant in the context of this study as its shells are utilized as an eco-friendly, cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of contaminants, particularly dyes, from wastewater.
2) Water:
Water is a vital solvent in the study of dye removal processes. The research involves treating aqueous solutions contaminated with S-Alizarin red dye. The interaction of water with various substances enhances the adsorption capability, demonstrating how pollutants are effectively extracted from aqueous environments.
3) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic investigation and analysis conducted to explore the potential of a ternary blend of nanochitosan, iron oxide nanoparticles, and tamarind shells for dye removal. It contributes to the understanding of biosorption processes and the efficiency of new materials in wastewater treatment.
4) Powder:
Powder is used to describe the tamarind shell after processing, making it an effective adsorbent. In this context, the powdered form of tamarind shell increases surface area and availability of active sites for adsorption, thereby enhancing the efficiency of dye removal from aqueous solutions.
5) India:
India is the geographical context of this research, where the materials such as tamarind shells and nanochitosan are sourced. The study's location underscores the relevance of using locally available agricultural waste in developing sustainable and economical methods for wastewater treatment in the region.
6) Substance:
In this research, 'substance' refers to the various materials employed for dye adsorption, including nanochitosan, iron oxide nanoparticles, and tamarind shells. Understanding the properties and interactions of these substances is crucial to optimizing their effectiveness in removing contaminants from wastewater.
7) Surface:
Surface pertains to the external layer of the adsorbent materials. The surface properties of nanochitosan, iron oxide nanoparticles, and tamarind shells play a critical role in determining their adsorption capacity, as a larger surface area leads to increased interaction with dye molecules in solution.
8) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
Tamilnadu is the Indian state where the research was conducted, particularly in Vellore. The state's agricultural products, such as tamarind, serve as raw materials for the study, illustrating the interplay between local resources and scientific research aimed at environmental management.
9) Heating:
Heating refers to the process involved in synthesizing iron oxide nanoparticles, which is critical for modifying the adsorbent materials. Proper heating ensures the formation of nanoparticles that exhibit desirable properties, including increased reactivity and adsorption potential for removing dyes from wastewater.
10) Nature:
Nature signifies the organic and eco-friendly aspects of using agricultural waste like tamarind shells and biopolymers such as nanochitosan in wastewater treatment. The study highlights the balance between technical efficiency and environmental consciousness, advocating for sustainable practices in managing dye pollution.
11) Table:
In this context, 'table' refers to the organized presentation of data comparing kinetic models. Such tables help in visually summarizing findings, facilitating an understanding of adsorption behavior, and enabling the comparison of different parameters that affect dye removal efficiency.
12) Line:
Line in this study likely relates to graphical representations used to depict data about adsorption kinetics. These line graphs illustrate the correlation between time and the amount of dye adsorbed, crucial for analyzing the behavior of the adsorption process over time.
13) Cynodon dactylon:
Cynodon dactylon, commonly known as Bermuda grass, serves as a potential biomass for wastewater treatment. While not directly used in this study, its mention indicates the broader context of utilizing various plant materials as natural adsorbents for environmental remediation efforts in pollution management.
14) Performance:
Performance refers to the efficiency and effectiveness of the adsorbents in removing S-Alizarin red dye from aqueous solutions. Evaluating performance is key to assessing the viability of using the designed ternary blend for practical applications in industrial effluent treatment.
15) Discussion:
Discussion represents the analytical section where results are interpreted, and implications of the findings are explored. This part of the study assesses how well the adsorbents perform, compares kinetic models, and reflects on the potential applications of the developed materials in wastewater treatment.
16) Composite:
Composite signifies the combination of different materials to form a new entity. In this study, the composite of nanochitosan, iron oxide nanoparticles, and tamarind shell is crucial for maximizing adsorption capabilities and improving overall efficiency in removing dyes from wastewater.
17) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transform refers to the conversion process of raw materials into nanochitosan and iron oxide nanoparticles through specific methods, enhancing their adsorption properties. This transformation is vital for generating effective adsorbents, crucial for developing sustainable wastewater treatment technologies.
18) Kerala:
Kerala is the state in India from where biopolymer chitosan was obtained. Its mention in the study emphasizes the regional sourcing of materials and highlights the importance of local resources in developing environmentally friendly solutions for dye removal from wastewater.
19) Thomas:
Thomas may refer to Thomas Baker Pvt. Ltd., one of the suppliers in the study where necessary chemicals for synthesis and experimental procedures were purchased. This indicates the reliance on commercial entities in facilitating research through the provision of essential materials.
20) Reason:
Reason pertains to the rationale behind choosing specific materials and methods in the study. Understanding the reasons underlining these choices is essential for comprehending the outcomes and effectiveness of the developed adsorbents in treating dye-contaminated wastewater.
21) Liquor:
Liquor in this context may refer to the liquid medium used during the preparation and testing of the dye solution. Understanding the properties of the liquor is important for evaluating parameters crucial for optimal adsorption conditions in the removal of contaminants from water.
22) Indian:
Indian denotes the nationality of the researchers and the geographical context of the study. It highlights the significance of locally sourced materials and the application of indigenous knowledge in developing effective technologies for addressing national environmental challenges, such as dye pollution.
23) Joti:
Jothi refers to one of the authors of the study, likely involved in the research and execution of the project. It signifies the contribution of individuals to advancing knowledge in environmental science and the importance of collaboration in achieving scientific objectives.
24) Tree:
Tree refers to the Tamarindus indica, the tree that produces tamarind pods. It emphasizes the significance of this natural resource in the study, showcasing how plants can play a vital role in environmental protection through their byproducts when utilized effectively.
25) Food:
Food represents the broader category that includes tamarind as an edible plant. In this study, the utilization of tamarind byproducts highlights a sustainable approach to waste management, where agricultural residues are repurposed for environmental applications rather than being discarded.
26) Life:
Life denotes the ecological and biological context of the study, where the presence of dye pollutants can have detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems and organisms. This term underlines the urgency of addressing pollution to maintain the balance and health of life within environmental systems.