Carboxymethyl cellulose/glass fiber/polyvinyl alcohol membranes.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose / glass fiber / polyvinyl alcohol membranes
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:
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P. Lavanya K. Priyadarshini and R. Bharathi Priyadharsini
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose / glass fiber / polyvinyl alcohol membranes
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20188-11165
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study discusses the synthesis and characterization of ternary polymer blends composed of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and glass fiber in various proportions. The research focuses on enhancing the mechanical properties and thermal stability of these blends through advanced analytical techniques like Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The authors outline the background of each component, detailing the significance of polymer blends in creating materials with improved biocompatibility and performance compared to single polymer systems.
Mechanical Properties of Polymer Blends
One critical aspect of the research is the miscibility and interaction between the polymer components within the blends. When CMC, PVA, and glass fiber are combined, they form a heterogeneous material with increased mechanical strength and biocompatibility. The study emphasizes the importance of intermolecular hydrogen bonding and specific interactions that lead to a more organized microstructure. This enhanced structure results in superior tensile strength and elongation, making the blends suitable for various applications, including packaging.
Thermal Stability and Characterization
The thermal stability of the polymer blends was investigated using TGA, which demonstrated the decomposition stages of the materials. The results indicated that increasing the amount of CMC in the blends improves thermal stability, slow down the thermal degradation of glass fiber, and retain a significant residue after degradation. The analysis highlights the thermally stable behavior of the CMC/PVA/glass fiber blend prepared in a 1:1:1 ratio, suggesting its potential for applications where thermal resistance is crucial.
Crystallinity and X-ray Diffraction Analysis
XRD analysis showed varying degrees of crystallinity among the prepared blends, with the 1:1:1 ratio displaying lower crystallinity compared to others. This observation suggests a more amorphous structure, likely due to effective interaction and blending between the components. The variation in crystallinity is vital as it affects not only the mechanical properties but also the overall performance of the material in practical applications. The broad peaks in the diffraction patterns indicate the potential for effective miscibility contributing to the overall blend's performance.
Conclusion
The findings of this study indicate that the ternary blends of CMC, PVA, and glass fiber can be efficiently synthesized, leading to materials with improved mechanical properties and thermal stability. The various analytical techniques employed confirm the strong intermolecular interactions and varying degrees of crystallinity among the blends. Therefore, the research presents a promising approach to developing biocompatible and thermally stable materials suitable for a range of applications in medical, packaging, and other industries. Future research may further explore the potential applications and optimization of these blends.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are the three components used in the polymer blends?
The components used in the polymer blends are carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and glass fiber, mixed in various ratios to create ternary blends.
What techniques were used for the characterization of the blends?
The blends were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to evaluate their properties.
What is the significance of miscibility in polymer blends?
Miscibility is important because it leads to a well-ordered microstructure and improved mechanical properties, enhancing the overall performance of the polymer blends.
What was concluded from the TGA results of the membranes?
The TGA results indicated that the carboxymethyl cellulose/glass fiber/polyvinyl alcohol (1:1:1) membrane exhibited high thermal stability, showing effective retention of organic materials.
How does carboxymethyl cellulose affect the thermal stability of the blends?
Carboxymethyl cellulose enhances the thermal stability of glass fiber within the polymer blend, significantly slowing down its thermal degradation during analysis.
What are the applications of carboxymethyl cellulose mentioned in the article?
Carboxymethyl cellulose is widely used in coating, food production, medicine, and as a filler in bio-composite film production due to its excellent properties.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Carboxymethyl cellulose/glass fiber/polyvinyl alcohol membranes.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Glass:
Glass is a solid material made from silica (sand) and various additives, characterized by its transparency and rigidity. In the context of the paper, it refers to glass fiber, which is utilized to enhance the mechanical properties of polymer blends. Glass fibers provide thermal insulation and structural reinforcement.
2) Water:
Water is a crucial solvent in the preparation of polymer solutions, allowing for the dissolution of polymers like carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol. Its role in creating homogeneous mixtures is vital for achieving desired properties in the resulting membranes, influencing factors such as polymer interactions and blend stability.
3) Food:
Food refers to substances consumed for nutritional support. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is mentioned as a moisture barrier film for food supplements, highlighting its role in packaging to protect food from moisture and extend shelf life. This application illustrates the intersection of material science and food technology.
4) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transform indicates a change in state or structure. In the context of this research, the term can relate to the modification of natural cellulose into carboxymethyl cellulose, which enhances properties like solubility and utility in various applications. This transformation is key to developing functional polymer blends.
5) Composite:
Composites are materials formed from two or more different constituents. In the research paper, composites refer to the blends of carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and glass fiber, emphasizing their combined properties which are leveraged to produce materials with enhanced mechanical performance and application-specific advantages for industries.
6) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
Tamilnadu is a state in southern India, where the study's research was conducted. The choice of location highlights the local academic and industrial capabilities in chemical research, particularly in the development and characterization of polymer materials, which are pertinent to advancing applications in medicine and packaging.
7) Bharathi:
Bharathi refers to R. Bharathi Priyadharsini, a corresponding author of the research article. Credit to individuals behind scientific work is essential for recognizing contributions to literature, allowing peers to locate and cite the original research, thereby ensuring accountability and fostering collaboration in the scientific community.
8) Surface:
Surface pertains to the outermost layer of a material. The properties of surfaces significantly influence the interactions between polymers in composite materials. A well-defined surface can enhance adhesion and overall performance in applications such as packaging, coatings, and medical devices, making it crucial in material science.
9) Nature:
Nature references the inherent qualities or characteristics of materials and their interactions. Understanding the nature of polymer blends, such as their crystallinity and miscibility, is essential for tailoring their properties for specific applications, thereby establishing a foundation for developing materials with desired mechanical and thermal behaviors.
10) India:
India is a country in South Asia where the research was conducted. The research landscape in India has seen significant growth, particularly in the field of polymer science. Such work contributes to the global body of knowledge and aligns with national interests in sustainable material development and innovation.
11) New Delhi:
New Delhi is the capital city of India, where central Drug House Private Limited, a supplier of polyvinyl alcohol for the study, is located. This highlights the importance of metropolitan areas in supporting research initiatives through the availability of resources, infrastructure, and academic institutions for advancing material sciences.
12) Biodegradable:
Biodegradable describes substances capable of being broken down naturally by microorganisms. Polyvinyl alcohol is noted as the most readily biodegradable among vinyl polymers. The use of biodegradable materials in composite development emphasizes environmental sustainability, as it addresses pollution issues related to plastic waste and promotes eco-friendly alternatives.
13) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section of academic papers where results are interpreted and implications are articulated. In this research, the discussion likely echoes the significance of the findings related to the properties and potential applications of the synthesized polymer blends and their role in various fields.
14) Science (Scientific):
Scientific pertains to the systematic study of structures and behaviors via observation and experimentation. The research paper exemplifies scientific inquiry into polymer blends, utilizing advanced analytical techniques to understand material properties and interactions, which is fundamental for developing innovative solutions in various scientific domains.
15) Substance:
Substance refers to a specific material or matter of defined chemical composition. In this context, the substances being studied include carboxymethyl cellulose, glass fiber, and polyvinyl alcohol. Understanding the properties of these substances is key in polymer chemistry for designing new materials with tailored characteristics.
16) Container:
Container signifies an object that holds or stores substances. The importance of containers in the context of food and pharmaceuticals reflects on the use of developed polymer blends for packaging purposes, which can provide effective barriers against moisture and preserve product integrity during storage and transport.
17) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness. Carboxymethyl cellulose and its blends are significant in pharmaceuticals for its applications in drug delivery systems and biomedical devices, highlighting the intersections of polymer science and healthcare advancements.
18) Chennai:
Chennai is a major city in Tamil Nadu, India, where glass fibers sourced for this study were purchased. The city acts as a significant industrial hub, contributing to the scientific community by providing access to materials necessary for advanced research, especially in polymer and composite development.
19) Heating:
Heating refers to the process of raising temperature, crucial in the preparation and processing of polymer blends. In this research, thermal methods are utilized to investigate material stability and degradation, influencing the development of composites that can withstand various environmental conditions and stresses.
20) Medium:
Medium refers to the intervening substance that facilitates processes, in this case, distilled water used for dissolving polymers. A suitable medium is vital for achieving the desired blend characteristics, ensuring effective mixing and interaction between polymer constituents for desired material properties.
21) Powder:
Powder refers to a finely ground solid substance. In the context of the paper, powders may relate to the raw materials used (like glass fiber) and their characteristics influence the behaviors and properties of the polymer blends, impacting their performance in applications such as packaging and structural support.
22) Delhi:
Delhi is a reference to the National Capital Territory of India, where some of the sourcing of materials (like polyvinyl alcohol) took place. The significance of Delhi lies in its academic and industrial contributions to scientific research, thus highlighting its role in advancing material science initiatives.
23) Table:
Table likely refers to a structured representation of data in the paper, summarizing key findings such as crystallinity values. Tables are essential in scientific writing, facilitating quick comprehension of complex data and comparisons, thereby enhancing the interpretability of research results.
24) House:
House may refer to a company or organization such as Central Drug House Private Limited, highlighting its role as a supplier of materials in the research. Such companies are integral to the scientific community, providing researchers access to essential materials required for experimental and development activities.
25) Earth:
Earth signifies the planet we live on, emphasizing the relevance of sustainable and environmentally friendly materials. In the context of this research, the focus on biodegradable polymer composites aligns with broader goals of reducing environmental impact and fostering sustainable practices in material development.
26) Salt (Salty):
Salt can refer to ionic compounds that can influence the properties of polymers. While not specifically mentioned in this paper, salts could play a role in modifying polymer characteristics, including ionic conductivity and mechanical properties, which could be relevant in composite material studies.
27) Drug:
Drug pertains to chemical compounds used for medical treatment. The relevance of polymers like carboxymethyl cellulose in drug formulations highlights their importance in controlling drug release, targeting, and overall therapeutic effectiveness, showcasing the significance of material science in the pharmaceutical industry.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Carboxymethyl cellulose/glass fiber/polyvinyl alcohol membranes.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Mechanical properties, Biocompatibility, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Carboxymethyl cellulose, Thermo-gravimetric analysis, Thermal stability.