Properties of pure and Gd3+ doped MnWO4 compounds.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Synthesis, structural, optical and thermal properties of pure and gd3+ doped mnwo4 compounds
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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P. Prabukanthan, R. Aswini and S. Niresh Babu
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World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Synthesis, structural, optical and thermal properties of pure and gd3+ doped mnwo4 compounds
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20188-10938
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Summary of article contents:
1) Introduction
The research paper presents the synthesis, structural, optical, and thermal properties of pure and Gd-doped manganese tungstate (MnWO4) compounds, which were prepared using a solid-state metathetic approach aided by microwave irradiation. The authors, Prabukanthan et al., demonstrate that multi-metal oxide semiconductors like MnWO4 exhibit desirable characteristics, such as enhanced stability and reduced electron-hole recombination. These properties make them appealing for various applications in the fields of photonics and electronics, especially due to their structural tolerance to distortion and the ability to integrate foreign ions into their lattice structure.
2) Optical Properties and Photoluminescence
The optical properties of MnWO4 and its Gd-doped variants were evaluated using UV-Visible absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. A significant absorption peak around 359 nm indicates strong band-to-band transitions, which corresponds to electron movements between the O 2p and Mn 3d levels. The PL spectra reveal characteristic emission bands at 415 nm, 487 nm, and 505 nm, associated with the intrinsic properties of the pure MnWO4 compound. However, with increasing Gd concentration, there are noted shifts and decreases in emission intensity, suggesting that higher Gd concentrations may lead to luminescence quenching, thereby affecting the material's optical efficiency.
3) Structural Analysis via XRD and SEM
X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that both pure and Gd-doped MnWO4 maintain a single-phase monoclinic structure (wolframite). The doping of Gd was observed to slightly shift diffraction peaks, indicative of successful incorporation into the lattice and resulting in expanded lattice parameters due to the ionic size difference between Mn2+ and Gd3+. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that all samples exhibit a similar morphology of cubical nanoparticles, affirming that Gd doping does not significantly alter the structural integrity. The study noted an increase in particle size with rising Gd concentration while maintaining a uniform distribution.
4) Thermal Stability and EPR Analysis
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) assessed the thermal stability of the synthesized compounds, demonstrating little weight loss up to 800 °C, indicating strong thermal resilience. The studies identified endothermic peaks related to phase stability and suggest that both pure and doped samples retain their crystal structure under elevated temperatures. Additionally, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis provided insights into the oxidation states of manganese ions in MnWO4. The study confirmed the presence of Mn2+ ions with a g-value closely corresponding to expected values, further indicating that Gd doping did not alter the ionic state of manganese significantly.
5) Conclusion
In summary, the innovative solid-state metathesis approach effectively synthesizes pure and Gd-doped MnWO4 compounds, showcasing their potential in various technological applications. The study underlines the robust optical properties, structural integrity, and thermal stability of these materials, which ensure their applicability in the realms of electronics and photonics. The findings indicate that while Gd doping affects luminescence and structural parameters, it successfully integrates into MnWO4 without disrupting its phase stability. Overall, this work enriches the understanding of doped multi-metal oxides and encourages future explorations into their applications.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What method was used to synthesize pure and Gd-doped MnWO4?
The synthesis was achieved using a solid-state metathetic approach aided by microwave irradiation, utilizing sodium tungstate, gadolinium acetate, and manganese chloride as precursors.
What were the main findings from the XRD analysis?
XRD analysis confirmed the monoclinic structure of MnWO4 with no additional peaks, indicating that the products were single-phase materials. The lattice parameters increased with Gd doping due to the larger ionic size of Gd.
How did Gd doping affect the optical properties of MnWO4?
Gd doping caused a minor shift in the UV absorption peak, enhancing the interaction between Gd ions and the MnWO4 structure, while maintaining a strong absorption maximum at approximately 359 nm.
What did the photoluminescence (PL) spectra reveal?
The PL spectra showed characteristic emission bands for pure MnWO4, with red shifts and decreased intensity for 4-5 mole % Gd doping, indicating luminescence quenching effect due to increased Gd concentration.
What morphology was observed in the SEM analysis?
SEM analysis revealed that both pure and Gd-doped MnWO4 samples formed highly homogeneous, cubical-shaped particles with sizes ranging from 850 nm to 1100 nm, maintaining a well-defined morphology.
What did thermal analysis (TGA and DTA) indicate?
Thermal analysis demonstrated that up to 800°C, there was no weight loss, confirming the absence of moisture. DTA showed endothermic peaks at 769-763°C, indicating the thermal stability of the samples.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Properties of pure and Gd3+ doped MnWO4 compounds.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Line:
In scientific literature, a line typically refers to a single row of data presented within tables or figures, which conveys specific values or findings relevant to the research. Lines help organize information succinctly, allowing readers to interpret relationships between various data points, particularly in results and methodology sections.
2) Table:
A table is a systematic arrangement of data, organized into rows and columns, allowing for easy comparison and analysis of values. In research papers, tables summarize key findings, such as compound properties or experimental results, facilitating comprehension and enabling quick reference for readers seeking specific information.
3) Nature:
Nature often refers to the inherent characteristics or essential qualities of an entity, such as compounds or materials, within research contexts. It encompasses aspects like physical properties, behaviors under certain conditions, or intrinsic attributes, which are crucial in understanding the implications or applications of the studied phenomena.
4) Surface:
Surface pertains to the outermost layer or boundary of a material or compound. In materials science, surface properties affect interactions with the environment, including reactivity, adhesion, and optical characteristics. Understanding surface phenomena is vital for applications in catalysis, electronics, and photonics.
5) Medium:
Medium refers to the substance or environment in which a process occurs. In experimental contexts, the medium can influence reactions, material transformations, or transport properties. This term is vital for determining conditions under which phenomena are observed, particularly in fields like chemistry and materials science.
6) Powder:
Powder denotes a substance composed of fine particles, often utilized in synthesis and characterization of materials. In the context of this study, powder forms of compounds, such as MnWO4, are significant for their properties, including crystallinity, reactive surface area, and application in various technological processes.
7) India:
India denotes the geographical location given as the affiliation of the authors in the study. It highlights the contributions of research from different regions and plays a crucial role in the global scientific community. The origin can influence material availability and research focus areas.
8) Water:
Water is a universal solvent and an essential reagent in many chemical and biological processes. In the context of this research, it is used to wash synthesized compounds, ensuring the removal of byproducts, thus maintaining purity and integrity of the materials for further characterization.
9) Field:
Field refers to a specific area of study or research discipline. In this manuscript, it relates to materials science and chemistry. Understanding the context helps readers appreciate the significance of findings, especially how they integrate into broader scientific knowledge and industry applications.
10) Measurement:
Measurement is the process of quantifying physical properties, such as size, absorbance, or concentration, to obtain data that supports scientific conclusions. Accurate measurements are pivotal in experiments, as they ensure reliability and validity of results, allowing for meaningful comparisons and discussions in research papers.
11) Discussion:
Discussion is a critical section of a research paper where authors interpret the results in relation to existing knowledge. It synthesizes findings, explores implications, and addresses the significance of observed phenomena, providing a comprehensive understanding of the study's contributions to the field.
12) Family:
Family pertains to a group of related compounds sharing similar structural or chemical properties. In materials science, referring to families, like tungstates, indicates commonalities in behavior or potential applications, facilitating focused exploration of specific materials based on their shared characteristics.
13) Rules:
Rules convey the guidelines and principles that govern scientific methods and interpretations. Understanding these rules is essential in research for ensuring transparency, reproducibility, and adherence to accepted scientific standards. Compliance with these rules strengthens the validity of findings in scientific literature.
14) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic investigation of a subject to discover or demonstrate facts. In research contexts, a well-defined study outlines objectives, methodology, and analysis, leading to reliable conclusions that contribute to the broader understanding of the topic investigated, in this case, the properties of MnWO4.
15) Cage:
Cage in a scientific context can refer to structural motifs in crystal lattices where certain atoms are surrounded by others, forming a 'cage-like' arrangement. This plays a significant role in interactions, electronic properties, and stability of the material being studied, impacting its applicability in technology.
16) Babu:
Babu is a surname or title often associated with individuals in the Indian context. In this document, it identifies one of the authors involved in the research. Recognizing authors helps attribute intellectual contributions to specific researchers, establishing their contributions to the scientific community.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Properties of pure and Gd3+ doped MnWO4 compounds.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Thermal stability, Molecular formula, Size distribution, High yield synthesis, Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, Photoluminescence spectra, Crystalline size.