Homogeneous sugarcane bagasse modified to cellulose, grafted with HEA.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Homogeneous modification of sugarcane bagasse to cellulose and grafted with 2-hydroxyethylacrylate using ceric ammonium nitrate as an initiator
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Kokila P., Subhashini M. and Aswini G.
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World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Homogeneous modification of sugarcane bagasse to cellulose and grafted with 2-hydroxyethylacrylate using ceric ammonium nitrate as an initiator
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20188-10936
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study presented by Kokila P., Subhashini M., and Aswini G. focuses on the synthesis of a cellulose-graft-2-hydroxyethylacrylate copolymer using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as an initiator. The aim was to extract cellulose from sugarcane bagasse, a common agricultural waste, through a steam explosion method, and subsequently graft a synthetic polymer onto it. This approach attempts to enhance the properties of cellulose, which is abundant and renewable but possesses some limitations such as low tensile strength and susceptibility to microbial attack. By modifying cellulose through chemical grafting, the researchers seek to improve its utility for various environmental applications.
Synthesis Process of Cellulose-Graft Copolymer
The process of synthesizing cellulose-graft-2-hydroxyethylacrylate involves several stages. Initially, cellulose is extracted from sugarcane bagasse using a steam explosion method, which disrupts the fibers and prepares them for further treatment. Subsequently, the 2-hydroxyethylacrylate monomer is grafted onto the cellulose backbone in an aqueous solution, with CAN facilitating the graft copolymerization process. This method allows the researchers to adjust the concentration of monomer and initiator, significantly influencing the efficiency of grafting. The synthesized polymer is then subjected to analysis to confirm the successful grafting and to explore the impact of various reaction conditions.
Characterization Techniques Employed
To evaluate the structural changes and effectiveness of the grafting, various characterization techniques are employed. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is used to analyze functional groups and confirm the formation of the graft copolymer by identifying specific wavelengths associated with chemical bonds. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is utilized to assess the crystallinity of the cellulose before and after treatment, showing the influence of mechanical and chemical modifications. Additionally, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) investigates the thermal stability of the graft copolymer, revealing improvements in thermal degradation behavior when compared to untreated cellulose.
Effect of Monomer Concentration on Grafting Efficiency
The research highlights that the concentration of the 2-hydroxyethylacrylate monomer plays a critical role in determining the grafting efficiency and percentage. Initially, an increase in monomer concentration leads to a higher percentage of grafting due to enhanced reactions. However, exceeding a certain concentration results in the formation of homopolymers, which restrict the movement of radicals, ultimately reducing grafting efficiency. This correlation between monomer concentration and grafting effectiveness showcases the complexity of polymerization reactions, where both optimal and excessive conditions must be carefully balanced.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study successfully demonstrates the extraction of cellulose from sugarcane bagasse and its subsequent modification through graft polymerization with 2-hydroxyethylacrylate. The results indicate significant changes in the thermal stability and crystalline structure of cellulose, facilitated by the grafting process. Characterization techniques substantiate the effectiveness of this modification, suggesting that cellulose grafted with synthetic polymers has enhanced properties suitable for various applications in environmental sustainability. This research contributes valuable insights into the potential utilization of agricultural waste in creating functional biomaterials.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main focus of this research study?
The study focuses on synthesizing cellulose-graft-2-hydroxyethylacrylate copolymer using ceric ammonium nitrate as an initiator to improve cellulose properties extracted from sugarcane bagasse.
How was cellulose extracted from sugarcane bagasse?
Cellulose was extracted using a steam explosion method, which involved treating the bagasse with alkali in an autoclave to break down its structure.
What is the role of ceric ammonium nitrate in this study?
Ceric ammonium nitrate serves as an initiator for the graft copolymerization process, facilitating the bonding of the 2-hydroxyethylacrylate monomer to the cellulose backbone.
How were the structures of the products characterized?
The structures of the extracted cellulose and graft copolymer were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
What are the main findings regarding the thermal stability?
The study found that grafting of cellulose with 2-hydroxyethylacrylate improved the thermal stability of the cellulose, confirmed by TGA analysis results.
What are the applications of cellulose grafted with 2-hydroxyethylacrylate?
Cellulose grafted with 2-hydroxyethylacrylate has many potential applications in areas like bio-adsorbents, biodegradable materials, and other environmentally friendly products.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Homogeneous sugarcane bagasse modified to cellulose, grafted with HEA.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Grafting:
Grafting is a process in polymer chemistry where chains of a monomer are covalently attached to a polymer backbone. This technique modifications properties, enhancing features such as strength and durability. In the context of this study, grafting cellulose with 2-hydroxyethylacrylate improves its applicability in various industries and combats degradation from environmental factors.
2) Water:
Water acts as a solvent in many chemical processes, including the synthesis of graft copolymers. In this study, water facilitates the homogeneous mixture of cellulose and the 2-hydroxyethylacrylate monomer, increasing the reaction efficiency. Its role is crucial in providing a medium for polymerization to occur effectively.
3) Medium:
Medium refers to the environment or conditions under which a reaction takes place. In this study, a homogeneous medium is utilized for efficient grafting of 2-hydroxyethylacrylate onto cellulose. The choice of medium dramatically influences reaction rates, yield, and properties of the resultant copolymer.
4) Sugar:
Sugar plays a pivotal role in the context of sugarcane bagasse, a byproduct rich in cellulose that was sourced for this study. As an agricultural waste, sugarcane contributes to sustainable practices, encouraging researchers to convert this biomass into valuable materials while minimizing waste and promoting environmental benefits.
5) Study (Studying):
This study aims to synthesize cellulose-graft-2-hydroxyethylacrylate copolymer using ceric ammonium nitrate as an initiator. The investigation explores the reaction conditions, evaluates the product qualitatively and quantitatively, and sheds light on the potential applications of grafted biopolymers, emphasizing the importance of developing sustainable materials.
6) Observation:
Observation is fundamental in scientific research as it forms the basis for analysis. The researchers meticulously recorded the physical and chemical changes throughout the grafting process. Such observations are crucial for understanding the efficiency of grafting and the resulting properties of the cellulose-based materials developed.
7) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
Tamilnadu, a state in India where the research was conducted, is noted for its agricultural productivity, including sugarcane cultivation. The availability of sugarcane bagasse in this region makes it an ideal location for exploring innovative methods of waste utilization, linking regional agriculture to advancements in biomaterials.
8) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transform signifies the process of changing the state or composition of materials. In this study, transforming sugarcane bagasse into useful biopolymers through chemical modification enhances its properties and applications. Such transformations are essential for creating sustainable alternatives in various industries, significantly impacting material science.
9) Nature:
Nature refers to the inherent characteristics or qualities of a substance. This study examines the nature of cellulose and how it can be modified through grafting to improve its properties and functionalities. Understanding the material's nature is crucial for predicting performance in practical applications.
10) India:
India is the country where the research took place, characterized by its rich agricultural heritage. The diverse agricultural byproducts available, such as sugarcane bagasse, provide a resourceful basis for research into sustainable materials, underlining the necessity of such studies in addressing environmental challenges.
11) Sudha:
Sudha appears as a reference within the study context, possibly denoting a contributor or subject associated with the research. Such names often highlight collaborative efforts in scientific investigations, emphasizing teamwork and shared expertise in the multidisciplinary field of polymer chemistry and materials science.
12) Purification:
Purification denotes the processes involved in cleaning or refining a material to enhance its quality. In this study, purification steps were essential to obtain pure cellulose fibers from sugarcane bagasse, ensuring that the results of the grafting process were reliable and the resultant product had optimal properties.
13) Discussion:
Discussion is a critical section in scientific papers where findings are interpreted and implications are explored. This study's discussion will analyze the results derived from the grafting processes, linking them to existing literature and evaluating the broader impacts of these materials in various applications across industries.
14) Developing:
Developing in this context indicates the act of creating or formulating new materials or methods. The research focuses on developing cellulose-graft copolymers by employing innovative techniques, showcasing advancements in material science and paving the way for sustainable solutions to contemporary challenges.
15) Heating:
Heating is a vital method used to facilitate chemical processes. In this study, heating the mixture of cellulose and monomer aids in polymerization, allowing for effective grafting. Controlling heating parameters plays a pivotal role in achieving the desired reaction outcomes and product characteristics.
16) Coconut (Cocoanut):
Coconut, like sugarcane, is part of the agricultural residues that contain considerable amounts of lignocellulosic materials. Although not directly studied, it represents the broader category of biomass materials. Research on converting such materials into functional biopolymers emphasizes the importance of recycling agricultural byproducts sustainably.
17) Surface:
Surface refers to the outer layer of a material, which plays a significant role in its interaction with other substances. In graft copolymerization, the surface properties of cellulose fibers are crucial as they affect their reactivity and the uniformity of grafting, thus influencing the overall material efficacy.
18) Kokila:
Kokila is likely an author or contributor to this research paper. The inclusion of specific names highlights collaboration and expertise within the research team. Acknowledging contributors in scientific work underlines the collaborative nature essential for advancements in research and innovation.
19) Liquor:
Liquor in the context of the study refers to the solution used in the treatment of fibers, often pertaining to the liquid medium containing chemicals. Proper selection of the liquor significantly impacts the efficiency of the chemical modification processes, such as extraction and grafting in cellulose fibers.
20) Rice (Rce):
Rice represents another agricultural byproduct rich in cellulose, similar to sugarcane bagasse. The mention of rice illustrates the potential of various biomass sources for conversion into valuable industrial materials. This connection emphasizes the importance of exploring multiple agricultural byproducts for sustainable material development.
21) Hull:
Hull refers to the outer covering of seeds, such as rice, which contains fibrous materials. Like other agricultural residues, hulls are not only a waste product but also a potential source of cellulose. Their study can lead to their utilization in developing eco-friendly materials and enhancing sustainability in materials science.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Homogeneous sugarcane bagasse modified to cellulose, grafted with HEA.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis, Sugarcane bagasse, Ceric ammonium nitrate, Cellulose fiber, Steam explosion method, Grafting efficiency, Monomer concentration, Grafting technique.