Study kukkutandatwak bhasma's effect on long bone fracture healing.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: To study the effect of (hen’s egg shell powder) kukkutandatwak bhasma in fracture management with special reference to long bones
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

Dr. Dharma Banti Chunilal, Dr. Umesh A. Vaidya and Dr. Rahul V. Kadam


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: To study the effect of (hen’s egg shell powder) kukkutandatwak bhasma in fracture management with special reference to long bones

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20189-12270


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

This study focuses on the effectiveness of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma, a form of hen's egg shell powder, in the management of long bone fractures. The research is rooted in Ayurvedic principles, stemming from ancient texts that discuss surgical treatments and fracture management. Ayurveda emphasizes holistic and natural approaches to healing, with the Sushruta Samhita, attributed to the sage Sushruta, providing extensive insights into surgical methodologies. This study aims to assess Kukkutandatwak Bhasma's efficacy alongside standard fracture management protocols.

Ayurvedic Perspectives on Fracture Management

In Ayurveda, fractures are known as "Bhagna," referring to the discontinuity in bone integrity. The texts elaborate on two types: dislocation (Sandhi mukta) and true fractures (Kandabhagna). The philosophy underlying Ayurvedic treatment for fractures is multifaceted, prioritizing reduction, immobilization, and rehabilitation. Kukkutandatwak Bhasma is highlighted as an indigenous remedy historically used for its purported benefits in fracture healing, emphasizing nutrition and constitutional balance.

Mechanisms of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma

Kukkutandatwak Bhasma possesses unique properties that are thought to aid in healing processes. It is characterized by its sweet and bitter taste, light and soft qualities, and its warm potency. The therapeutic action is primarily directed at enhancing bone and joint health by acting as a nourishing agent for the bone tissue. Given its potential rejuvenating effects, this Bhasma may promote cellular regeneration and facilitate faster healing of fractured bones.

Study Design and Methodology

The study employs a randomized clinical trial design involving 30 patients suffering from long bone fractures. Participants are divided into two equal groups, with one receiving Kukkutandatwak Bhasma and the other receiving calcium carbonate as a control. Eligibility criteria ensure a fair representation of the population, focusing on individuals aged 16 to 50 who have sustained fractures due to trauma. The treatment spans 21 days, with various assessment criteria employed to analyze pain, tenderness, swelling, and radiological evidence of healing.

Conclusion

The investigation anticipates that the administration of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma will result in improved outcomes for patients with long bone fractures, particularly through enhancing calcium levels and promoting callus formation. By exploring the interplay between traditional Ayurvedic practices and modern medical approaches, the study aims to substantiate the role of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma in fracture management, potentially offering valuable insights into integrative health care strategies.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Kukkutandatwak Bhasma used for?

Kukkutandatwak Bhasma is used in Ayurveda for fracture management, particularly for long bones. It has been recognized for its therapeutic effects in promoting bone healing.

What are the common causes of bone fractures?

Common causes of fractures include sudden trauma from accidents, chronic repetitive stress, and diseases like osteoporosis that weaken the bone structure, making it susceptible to injuries.

What is the aim of studying Kukkutandatwak Bhasma?

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma in managing long bone fractures, assessing its impact on healing and recovery.

What are the inclusion criteria for the study participants?

Participants eligible for the study must be aged 16-50 years, with long bone fractures diagnosed by radiographs, and can include those with open reduction and internal fixation.

What parameters are used to assess treatment effectiveness?

Treatment effectiveness is assessed via pain levels, tenderness, swelling, and radiographic evidence of fracture healing, with evaluations conducted on specified days post-treatment.

What is the expected outcome of using Kukkutandatwak Bhasma?

The expected outcome is that Kukkutandatwak Bhasma will enhance calcium levels in fractured long bones, leading to improved callus formation and faster healing.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Study kukkutandatwak bhasma's effect on long bone fracture healing.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Study (Studying):
In this context, 'Study' refers to a systematic investigation aimed at observing and analyzing the effects of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma in the management of long bone fractures. It involves the application of methodologies to assess the drug's efficacy, allowing for the collection of data that may enhance understanding in the field of fracture treatment.

2) Bhasma (Bhasman):
Bhasma denotes a form of calcined substance used in Ayurvedic medicine, particularly for its therapeutic properties. Kukkutandatwak Bhasma is specifically formulated from hen's egg shells and is utilized here to explore its potential benefits in facilitating bone healing, establishing a link between traditional practices and modern clinical outcomes.

3) Pune:
Pune serves as the geographical setting for the study, denoting its importance as a hub for Ayurvedic research and higher education. It facilitates the collaboration of medical professionals and institutions, fostering an environment for advancements in the application of traditional remedies in contemporary medical practices.

4) Dharma:
Dharma refers to the principal investigator of the study – Dr. Dharma Banti Chunilal. His role encompasses the design and execution of the research, demonstrating leadership in integrating Ayurvedic principles with clinical methodologies for the treatment of fractures, thus enhancing the relevance of traditional practices in modern healthcare.

5) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a comprehensive system of traditional medicine rooted in ancient Indian philosophy. It emphasizes holistic health and well-being, utilizing natural substances and lifestyle practices. This research seeks to underscore Ayurveda's relevance in contemporary medicine, particularly in the treatment of fractures via roles of compounds like Kukkutandatwak Bhasma.

6) Pain:
Pain is the primary symptom experienced by patients suffering from fractures, indicating the body's response to injury. Understanding pain management is crucial in fracture treatment, and assessing the effectiveness of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma aims to alleviate this symptom, thereby improving patients' overall quality of life during recovery.

7) Bharati:
Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University in Pune, also referred to as Bharati, is a pivotal institution for the study. It supports research initiatives and provides the necessary resources and infrastructure for conducting clinical trials, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration among scholars in the fields of medicine and Ayurveda.

8) India:
India is the cultural and geographical backdrop of this study, where Ayurveda originated. The country's rich heritage in traditional medicine forms the basis for contemporary research initiatives, merging time-honored practices with scientific validation, thereby promoting the adoption of Ayurvedic treatments in modern healthcare systems.

9) Observation:
Observation in this context refers to the act of monitoring patients during the study. Clinical observations are critical for evaluating the effectiveness and safety of treatments, allowing researchers to gather empirical data, document patient responses, and make informed conclusions regarding the efficacy of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma in fracture management.

10) Bhagna:
Bhagna is the Ayurvedic term for fractures, classified into different types. Understanding this term is vital as it underpins the study's subject, guiding the research toward traditional definitions and management approaches in Ayurveda, ultimately seeking to explore how Kukkutandatwak Bhasma aids in treating this condition.

11) Drug:
The term 'Drug' here designates Kukkutandatwak Bhasma, which is being investigated for its pharmacological effects in fracture healing. The study evaluates its potential as a therapeutic agent, thus integrating esoteric traditional knowledge with empirical scientific evaluation to validate its efficacy in modern medical contexts.

12) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the analytical section of the research where findings from patient assessments and outcomes are interpreted. This segment critically evaluates results, comparing them with existing literature and theories, thus allowing for a comprehensive understanding of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma's role in the context of Ayurvedic and modern medicine.

13) Swelling:
Swelling is a common symptom following fractures, indicative of inflammation resulting from trauma. Its assessment is vital for gauging recovery progress in the study, where researchers aim to discern any correlation between the administration of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma and the reduction in swelling over the course of treatment.

14) Science (Scientific):
Sciences in this context encompass the broader fields of inquiry that validate practices such as Ayurveda through research and clinical trials. This interdisciplinary approach bridges traditional knowledge with scientific methods, promoting evidence-based healthcare practices.

15) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa signifies the taste or essence of a substance in Ayurveda, which can reflect its therapeutic properties. In the study, the identification of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma's Rasa attributes helps in understanding its efficacy and how it interacts with the body’s biological systems to facilitate healing.

16) Knowledge:
Knowledge in this context refers not only to the traditional wisdom encapsulated in Ayurvedic texts but also to the empirical data gathered from the clinical trial. It represents the cumulative understanding that arises from the integration of ancient practices with modern scientific inquiry in healthcare.

17) Relative:
Relatives denote the importance of family in supporting patients during the study. Their involvement fosters a better understanding of patient needs and informs care strategies, ultimately enhancing the therapeutic experience for patients undergoing treatment for fractures.

18) Madhura:
Madhura, meaning 'sweet' in Ayurveda, is one of the qualities attributed to Kukkutandatwak Bhasma. Recognizing its taste profile contributes to understanding the drug’s palatability and potential effects on digestion and metabolism, both relevant factors in tailoring Ayurvedic treatments for fractures.

19) Samhita:
Samhita refers to the compilation of Ayurvedic texts that include guidelines for medical practices. The Sushruta Samhita, specifically, is crucial as it provides foundational surgical techniques and principles, guiding the study's methodologies in evaluating traditional remedies like Kukkutandatwak Bhasma.

20) Gujarat:
Gujarat is referenced as the location for earlier studies on Kukkutandatwak Bhasma, showcasing its historical relevance. This geographical mention emphasizes the breadth of Ayurvedic research being conducted across India while contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the compound's medicinal properties.

21) Disease:
Disease in this context pertains to various pathological conditions that could lead to fractures, emphasizing the importance of fracture management within Ayurvedic practices. The study aims to explore how Kukkutandatwak Bhasma may provide therapeutic benefits against the backdrop of underlying health issues causing bone fragility.

22) Shalya (Salya):
Shalya refers to the surgical aspects of Ayurveda. This term is significant as the study draws on ancient surgical principles laid out in Ayurvedic texts, showcasing an integration of traditional surgical knowledge with modern techniques to effectively address fractures and optimize healing processes.

23) Karma (Karman):
Karma, within the context of Ayurveda, denotes the actions and their consequences, including the mechanisms through which various treatments exert influence. The assessment of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma's Karma helps define its therapeutic effects on the body, specifically regarding fracture healing.

24) Nayak:
Nayak refers to the name of a researcher whose previous work has explored Kukkutandatwak Bhasma, providing a foundation for the current study. Understanding prior studies is crucial for contextualizing research, allowing for a deeper insight into the substance's applications in Ayurvedic medicine.

25) Bamti (Banti):
Banti refers specifically to Dr. Dharma Banti Chunilal, the lead author of the study. His expertise and insights drive the research forward, ensuring that the inquiry into Kukkutandatwak Bhasma is grounded in professional knowledge of both Ayurveda and modern medical practices.

26) Veda:
Veda signifies the ancient scriptures that form the theoretical basis for Ayurveda. These texts offer profound insights into health practices, including surgical techniques and herbal remedies, grounding the study's investigations of traditional approaches toward understanding and treating fractures.

27) Pari:
Pari does not have a specific mention in the given studies but could suggest surrounding contexts or applications in Ayurvedic medicine. Understanding the word might involve examining its role in broader Ayurvedic terminology or practices pertinent to the management of health and disease.

28) Road:
Road is mentioned metaphorically to indicate the modern lifestyle factors contributing to fractures, such as traffic accidents. This contemporary context elucidates the need for relevant treatment methodologies, highlighting the integration of traditional healing practices with the realities of modern human experiences and trauma.

29) Life:
Life represents the holistic perspective of Ayurveda, which encompasses healthy living and well-being. This study aims to improve the quality of life for individuals by exploring effective treatments for fractures, thereby integrating ancient wisdom with contemporary health care practices that enhance patient experiences.

30) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
Sushruta-samhita is an ancient Ayurvedic text attributed to Sage Sushruta, who is regarded as the father of surgery. This text's teachings significantly inform the study's approach to surgical treatment and fracture management, advocating for an integration of historical practices with modern medical techniques.

31) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the chemical compounds produced by plants that may exhibit medicinal effects. Understanding the phytochemical properties of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma enables researchers to analyze its active components, contributing to the study’s exploration of its efficacy in healing fractures within the Ayurvedic framework.

32) Sandhi-mukta (Sandhimukta):
Sandhi-mukta refers to dislocations in Ayurvedic terminology. Comprehending this classification aids in understanding the broader scope of fracture-related issues within Ayurvedic practice, setting the research focus on methods to treat both bone fractures and dislocations effectively.

33) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasasastra):
Rasa-shastra is the branch of Ayurveda concerning the study of metals and minerals for therapeutic applications. This term’s relevance lies in exploring how traditional practices utilizing elements like Kukkutandatwak Bhasma can contribute valuable insights into modern medicinal chemistry and treatment approaches.

34) Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis is mentioned to illustrate a condition that may be excluded from the study's patients due to its systemic nature. Understanding such comorbidities is vital for ensuring a clear focus on the specific impact of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma in fracture management without additional complicating ailments.

35) Surrounding:
The term surrounding reiterates the environmental context of the study, similar to 'surroundings.' It emphasizes the need for holistic health evaluations in the context of Ayurveda, addressing not only individual health concerns but also the broader social and environmental influences impacting patient wellness.

36) Karnataka:
Karnataka is referenced as a relevant state in India contributing to Ayurvedic research and practice. Mentioning this region highlights the geographical diversity of Ayurvedic education and its ongoing impact on the field, encouraging collaborative efforts toward advancing traditional health systems.

37) Inference:
Inference refers to the conclusions drawn from the data collected during the study. This is a critical step in evaluating the effectiveness of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma, as it summarizes the findings and allows researchers to relate them back to existing Ayurvedic theories and practices.

38) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata is another sage associated with ancient Ayurvedic texts. Bringing him into discussion underscores the variety of sources underpinning Ayurvedic principles that inform treatments explored in this study, further validating the use of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma in modern contexts.

39) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Shodhana refers to the purification process in Ayurveda to enhance the efficacy of medicinal compounds. Understanding Shodhana is critical for the study, emphasizing the need for properly prepared Kukkutandatwak Bhasma to ensure safety and effectiveness in fracture management.

40) Dividing:
Dividing in this context refers to the process of categorizing patients into trial and control groups for clinical evaluation. Adequate patient selection and grouping are critical to the study’s design, ensuring the credibility of findings through controlled comparison.

41) Fixation:
Fixation pertains to methods used to stabilize fractures post-injury, such as surgical fixation techniques. This concept is integral to the study's management strategies, ensuring that the role of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma is evaluated alongside established surgical practices for effective fracture healing.

42) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit is the classical language of ancient Indian texts, including those related to Ayurveda. Understanding Sanskrit terms is essential for interpreting traditional writings accurately, enabling researchers to extract relevant treatment insights and principles for contemporary applications.

43) Shastra (Sastra):
Shastra represents the comprehensive knowledge systems, particularly in the context of Ayurveda. This term is pivotal for understanding the structured methodologies outlined in Ayurvedic teachings, guiding the administrative and treatment protocols examined in the study.

44) Granthi (Gramthi):
Granthi refers to growths or lumps that can represent underlying issues in Ayurvedic medicine. Including Granthi in discussions about fracture management indicates the range of conditions addressed through Ayurvedic treatments, illustrating the holistic approach of the field towards various health concerns.

45) Prasuti:
Prasuti relates to obstetrics within Ayurveda, illustrating the broad application of Ayurvedic principles beyond fractures. Understanding this term provides context for the study and emphasizes the integrative nature of Ayurvedic practices in addressing different aspects of health, including maternal health issues.

46) Hingula (Himgula):
Hingula refers to a specific compound derived from the mineral mercury, often utilized in Ayurveda for its therapeutic effects. Mentioning Hingula highlights the importance of properly processing and integrating various substances into treatments, including those assessed in this study, to enhance their efficacy.

47) Quality:
Quality pertains to the standardization and assessment of Ayurvedic formulations like Kukkutandatwak Bhasma, ensuring that they meet safety and efficacy benchmarks. This concept is critical for establishing trust in Ayurvedic practices within modern medical frameworks and facilitating regulatory acceptance.

48) Allergy:
Allergy signifies the potential adverse reactions some patients may experience when exposed to certain drugs, including Kukkutandatwak Bhasma. Awareness of allergies is essential for safety in clinical trials, guiding patient selection and monitoring during treatment to avoid negative health outcomes.

49) Itching:
Itching is a symptom that can arise in various conditions treated within Ayurvedic practices. Recognizing itching alongside other symptoms underscores the comprehensive approach of Ayurveda, illustrating how Kukkutandatwak Bhasma may not only facilitate healing from fractures but also address associated discomforts.

50) Tantra (Tamtra, Tantrism):
Tantra in Ayurveda relates to specific techniques or methods utilized in treatments. Understanding Tantra is essential for the study, as it emphasizes the systematic application of Ayurvedic principles in creating therapeutic strategies like those being evaluated in the context of fracture management.

51) Sandhi (Shandhi, Samdhi):
Sandhi refers to the joints in Ayurveda. Its mention signifies the need to address joint implications in fractures, illustrating how the study of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma can expand knowledge and treatment protocols to incorporate joint health alongside bone healing.

52) Vaidya:
Vaidya refers to an Ayurvedic physician or practitioner. This term emphasizes the critical role of experienced professionals in conducting the study, as their expertise is essential for properly administering treatment and ensuring that the research adheres to traditional standards and ethical practices.

53) Pishti (Pisti):
Pishti refers to a powdered form of medicine in Ayurveda. Understanding Pishti's role in treatment formulations contextualizes the evaluation of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma, providing insights into how Ayurvedic practitioners prepare and utilize various medicinal components to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes.

54) Marana:
Marana denotes the preparation process in Ayurveda where herbs and minerals are transformed into healing compounds. This term is relevant to the study as it relates to how Kukkutandatwak Bhasma is developed, ensuring that the substance effectively aids in fracture management.

55) Wisdom:
Wisdom in this context refers to the accumulated knowledge derived from ancient Ayurvedic texts and practices, forming the backbone of the study’s exploration of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma. It underscores the importance of combining historical insights with contemporary research methodologies to enrich our understanding of health and healing.

56) Bitter:
Bitter, or Tikta in Ayurvedic terminology, signifies one of the taste qualities of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma. Recognizing its bitter attribute contributes to understanding its medicinal potential, as taste can influence a drug's absorption and efficacy in treating conditions like bone fractures.

57) Powder:
Powder refers to the form of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma, indicating its state as a finely ground substance. This presentation is crucial in Ayurvedic medicine, as the method of preparation, including grinding, plays a vital role in the bioavailability of the medicinal properties during treatment.

58) Pandya (Pamdya, Pandyan):
Pandya is referenced as a researcher who has worked on studies involving Kukkutandatwak Bhasma. Acknowledging previous researchers like Pandya adds credibility to the current study, offering insights into the compound's medicinal relevance and opening avenues for further exploration within the field.

59) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha represents the three fundamental bodily types in Ayurveda that govern an individual's health. Understanding Dosha is key to the study, allowing researchers to consider how Kukkutandatwak Bhasma may interact with an individual's constitution and underscore its therapeutic applications in treating fractures.

60) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three Doshas in Ayurveda, associated with structure and stability. Recognizing its role helps to understand how Kukkutandatwak Bhasma's properties may aid in balancing Kapha, potentially alleviating issues that arise from fracture-related healing processes.

61) Madhu:
Madhu, meaning honey, is identified as an Anupan (vehicle) in the study. Using Madhu alongside Kukkutandatwak Bhasma may enhance the drug's absorption and therapeutic effects, showcasing the significance of Anupans in optimizing treatment delivery within Ayurvedic practices.

62) Laghu:
Laghu refers to the quality of being light, indicating one of the beneficial properties of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma. This quality may suggest how the drug impacts digestion and metabolism in patients, emphasizing the importance of these attributes in formulating effective Ayurvedic treatments.

63) Tikta:
Tikta represents the bitter taste in Ayurveda, carrying implications regarding a substance’s therapeutic effects. Understanding the Tikta attribute helps integrate Kukkutandatwak Bhasma into patient treatment protocols, ensuring that the properties align with desired outcomes in managing fractures.

64) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna refers to the heating potency of a substance. This quality is significant for determining how Kukkutandatwak Bhasma might influence healing processes, aiding in swift recovery from fractures by promoting circulation and metabolic activity in the affected regions.

65) Mukta:
Mukta indicates a state of being released or liberated. In the context of the study, it could suggest a focus on the conditions treated through Kukkutandatwak Bhasma, signifying how effective fracture management allows individuals to regain movement and quality of life.

66) Mridu (Mrdu):
Mridu signifies the quality of being soft. This term is relevant as it reflects the gentle nature of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma, which could imply its suitability in treating delicate conditions, aligning with Ayurveda’s holistic approach that considers patient comfort and well-being.

67) Panda (Pamda):
Panda refers to a researcher associated with past studies that examined Kukkutandatwak Bhasma. Acknowledging contributions from individuals like Panda enhances the study's credibility by building on existing evidence and fostering a continuum of research into the effectiveness of Ayurvedic treatments.

68) Bahya:
Bahya refers to external injuries or conditions in Ayurveda; understanding this term aids in contextualizing the study's focus on treating both internal and external aspects related to bone healing. It fosters a comprehensive approach, considering all factors influencing recovery from fractures.

69) Vrana:
Vrana signifies wounds or injuries within the Ayurvedic paradigm. By comprehending Vrana, researchers can appreciate the layered applications of Ayurvedic treatments explored in the study, particularly in addressing both the physical trauma of fractures and broader implications for recovery.

70) Balya:
Balya pertains to nurturing or strengthening, particularly in children or during growth. Recognizing its significance highlights the study's broader applications in fostering healing and recovery among populations dealing with fractures, particularly vulnerable groups such as the elderly.

71) Kadam:
Kadam refers to one of the authors of the study, Dr. Rahul V. Kadam. His contribution emphasizes the collective expertise within the research team and the importance of collaborative efforts in exploring Kukkutandatwak Bhasma's role in fracture management.

72) Ratti:
Ratti is a traditional unit of measure in Ayurveda, indicating the dosage of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma administered in the study. Understanding Ratti's specific use ensures accurate dosing and helps maintain consistency in treatment, a critical factor for evaluating the drug's efficacy.

73) Water:
Water is referenced as an Anupan (vehicle) for the control group, highlighting how the medium in which a drug is taken can influence its absorption and efficacy. This recognition encourages a thoughtful approach toward treatment practices in both trial and control groups.

74) Honey:
Honey serves a dual role as both an Anupan in the treatment protocol and as a vehicle to enhance the palatability of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma. Its use emphasizes Ayurveda's holistic approach to ensuring that herbal medicines are both effective and agreeable for patients, improving adherence to treatment.

75) Table:
Table likely refers to the systematic arrangement of collected data and observations in the study. Utilizing tables facilitates clear communication of results, enabling easier interpretation of findings which are essential for drawing conclusions regarding the efficacy of Kukkutandatwak Bhasma in fracture management.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 79]

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Sushruta-samhita, Shalya-chikitsa, Ayurveda knowledge, Statistical analysis, Control group, Sample size, Patient Selection Criteria, Randomized clinical study, Ayurvedic properties, Assessment parameter, Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Bone healing, Fracture management.

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