Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Anti-cancer activity of cyperus rotundus
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: a review
Original source:
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Dr. Nikhil Chaudhari and Dr. Ninad Sathe
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Anti-cancer activity of cyperus rotundus
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20189-12190
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Cancer is a significant global health crisis, with an alarming increase in incidence rates over the years. According to GLOBOCAN, 8.2 million cancer-related deaths occurred in 2012, with projections estimating 24 million new cases annually by 2035. In India alone, over 800,000 cases are diagnosed each year, resulting in approximately 300,000 deaths. With conventional treatment options often proving inadequate or harmful, there is an urgent need to explore natural compounds with potential anti-cancer properties. Cyperus rotundus, commonly known as Musta or nagarmotha, is a herbal plant in traditional Ayurvedic medicine known for its diverse therapeutic applications, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This review focuses on the anti-cancer activity of Cyperus rotundus as a promising avenue for research and formulation.
Phytochemical Composition and Bioactivity
Cyperus rotundus contains a rich array of phytochemicals that contribute to its therapeutic potential. Essential oils derived from the rhizomes have demonstrated significant cytotoxic properties against various cancer cell lines, including colon (HCT-116), hepatocellular (HepG-2), and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells, with low IC50 values indicating high potency. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes as dominant compounds, including α-cyperone and caryophyllene oxide. Furthermore, specific compounds like 6-acetoxy cyperene have been identified to induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. These findings highlight the importance of targeting critical cell signaling pathways to leverage the anti-cancer effects of C. rotundus.
Antioxidant and Anti-mutagenic Properties
In addition to its cytotoxic effects, Cyperus rotundus exhibits significant antioxidant activity, which plays a crucial role in cancer prevention. Studies have evaluated its ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation, which is often associated with oxidative stress leading to DNA damage. The extracts demonstrated protective effects against oxidative damage at varying concentrations, with certain compounds showing high radical scavenging efficiencies. Moreover, C. rotundus extracts have displayed anti-mutagenic properties, reducing the mutagenic effects of known carcinogens in various assays. This dual action of combating oxidative stress and mutagenicity positions C. rotundus as a valuable ingredient in chemopreventive formulations.
Mechanisms of Action
Research suggests that the anti-cancer activity of Cyperus rotundus may involve multiple mechanisms of action. Key processes include the induction of apoptosis via activation of caspases, modulation of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibition of oncogenic signaling pathways. Specifically, compounds in the extract appear to downregulate anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2 while upregulating pro-apoptotic factors such as Bax and P53. Additionally, the suppression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity plays a pivotal role in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, thereby diminishing tumor growth and proliferation in various cancers. Such a multifaceted approach underscores the potential of C. rotundus in herbal cancer therapies.
Conclusion
The review of studies on Cyperus rotundus indicates that this herb has considerable potential as a natural anti-cancer agent due to its diverse bioactive compounds and multifarious mechanisms of action. The evidence presented supports the notion that C. rotundus could serve as an effective component in herbal formulations aimed at cancer prevention and treatment. Further research exploring its use in clinical settings is warranted to establish standardized preparations and dosages that maximize therapeutic value while minimizing toxicity. Ultimately, Cyperus rotundus may play a significant role in the future landscape of cancer therapy, particularly within integrative and traditional medicine approaches.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Cyperus rotundus and its common names?
Cyperus rotundus, commonly known as Musta or nagarmotha, is a herbal plant used in Ayurvedic medicine for various ailments, including digestive disorders, fever, and as a diuretic.
What are the traditional uses of Cyperus rotundus?
Traditionally, Cyperus rotundus is used for treating fevers, digestive issues, dysmenorrhea, and as a diuretic. It also possesses antioxidant, analgesic, and hypolipidemic properties.
What kind of cancer activities have been researched in Cyperus rotundus?
Research indicates that extracts of Cyperus rotundus exhibit anti-cancer activity against various human cancer cell lines, including breast (MCF-7) and liver (HepG-2) cancer cells.
What are the significant active compounds found in Cyperus rotundus?
Cyperus rotundus contains a variety of bioactive compounds, including sesquiterpenes like α-cyperone, flavonoids like quercetin, and other phytochemicals that contribute to its therapeutic effects.
How does Cyperus rotundus affect cancer cell lines in studies?
Studies show that extracts of Cyperus rotundus can induce apoptosis in cancer cells, inhibit cell proliferation, and exhibit cytotoxic effects without significantly harming normal cells.
Can Cyperus rotundus be used in cancer prevention formulations?
Yes, Cyperus rotundus is suggested as a chemopreventive ingredient in herbal formulations, potentially due to its antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties demonstrated in various studies.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Anti-cancer activity of cyperus rotundus”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Cancer:
Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and division, which can lead to the formation of tumors. The text highlights the rising burden of cancer cases and the need for effective treatments. Cyperus rotundus is explored as a potential source of anti-cancer agents, emphasizing the significance of this disease in global health.
2) Activity:
Activity in this context refers to the biological effects or actions undertaken by a substance, particularly its therapeutic effects. The document details various pharmacological activities of Cyperus rotundus, with a focus on its anti-cancer properties and cytotoxic effects against different cancer cell lines, demonstrating the importance of active compounds in medicine.
3) Cyperus rotundus:
Cyperus rotundus, also known as Musta or nut grass, is a perennial herb cited in the document for its traditional medicinal uses and extensive pharmacological benefits. Its anti-cancer activity is extensively studied, showcasing its potential as a natural remedy for various health conditions, particularly in anti-cancer formulations.
4) Line:
In this context, 'line' refers to cancer cell lines used in research to study the effects of substances on cancer. The document outlines the cytotoxicity of various extracts of Cyperus rotundus tested on specific cancer lines, highlighting their relevance in evaluating the plant's therapeutic potential.
5) Study (Studying):
A study represents systematic research aimed at understanding the properties and effects of a substance. The text summarizes multiple studies conducted on Cyperus rotundus, providing evidence of its anti-cancer effects and other therapeutic activities, reinforcing the importance of scientific investigation in the development of medicinal compounds.
6) Death:
Death in the context of the text refers to mortality rates associated with cancer. The document discusses alarming statistics regarding cancer-induced fatalities in India, indicating the urgency of developing effective anti-cancer therapies such as those derived from Cyperus rotundus to reduce these mortality rates.
7) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of phytochemicals known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The document mentions flavonoids as constituents of Cyperus rotundus that may contribute to its anti-cancer and health-promoting activities. Their presence suggests potential for developing natural therapeutics for various diseases, including cancer.
8) Animal:
Animals are often used in research to study the effects of substances in vivo. The document references animal studies that evaluate the effectiveness of Cyperus rotundus extracts, highlighting their role in validating the plant's medicinal properties and potential translational applications in humans.
9) Musta (Mushta):
Musta is the traditional Ayurvedic name for Cyperus rotundus, indicating its long-standing significance in herbal medicine. The text highlights this naming in conjunction with the plant's medicinal uses and potential applications in modern anti-cancer therapies, bridging traditional and contemporary medicinal knowledge.
10) Drug:
A drug is a substance used to diagnose, cure, or prevent disease. The document discusses the various extracts of Cyperus rotundus as potential natural drugs with anti-cancer properties, indicating a shift toward exploring plant-based medicines and their integration into conventional therapeutic regimens.
11) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds derived from plants with health benefits. The text details the phytochemical constituents of Cyperus rotundus that contribute to its diverse biological activities, underscoring the importance of these compounds in the development of natural anti-cancer and therapeutic formulations.
12) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasasastra):
Rasashastra is an ancient Indian practice focusing on alchemical processes and medicinal formulations. The inclusion of Rasashastra in the authors' affiliations suggests a basis in traditional practices for understanding the medicinal value of plants like Cyperus rotundus, bridging historical and contemporary healthcare methodologies.
13) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
Bhaishajya, translating to 'medicinal preparation' in Ayurveda, denotes the focus on using herbal plants for therapeutic purposes. The text emphasizes the potential of Cyperus rotundus as a medicinal herb, highlighting the relevance of traditional medicine in modern pharmacology and anti-cancer research.
14) Kalpana:
Kalpana refers to the preparation or formulation of herbal medicines. Its mention in the text reflects the traditional practices surrounding the preparation of medicinal compounds from plants like Cyperus rotundus, indicating the integration of cultural knowledge in developing modern therapeutic agents.
15) Indian:
Indians refers to the population of India, where the burden of cancer is significant, as noted in the document. This emphasizes the urgent need for developing effective cancer treatments, including examining traditional plants like Cyperus rotundus within the cultural and regional context of health care.
16) Water:
Water in the context may refer to the extraction processes used in the study of Cyperus rotundus. It is essential for preparing extracts from plant materials, allowing researchers to evaluate the active components and their biological effects in anti-cancer research.
17) Hela (Helá):
HeLa refers to a specific immortal cell line used for medical research, especially in cancer studies. While the text does not explicitly mention HeLa, studying the activity of Cyperus rotundus extracts against various cell lines, including HeLa, can elucidate their effectiveness in targeting cancer cells.
18) Nut grass:
Nut grass is the common name for Cyperus rotundus, highlighting its relevance in both traditional and modern medicinal contexts. This term connects the plant to its everyday use and recognition, showcasing its potential benefits and applications in herbal medicine as discussed in the document.
19) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial is an alternative spelling of anti-bacterial, pertaining to substances that combat bacterial infections. Its mention in the text reinforces the multifaceted medicinal benefits of Cyperus rotundus, not only for cancer treatment but also for managing bacterial infections, highlighting its therapeutic versatility.
20) Transmission:
Transmission in this context may relate to the transfer of biological properties or findings from in vitro studies to clinical applications. The text discusses various studies on Cyperus rotundus, emphasizing the need to understand how these findings can translate into effective treatments for cancer.
21) Dysmenorrhea (Dysmenorrhoea):
Dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstrual cramps, and the text notes Cyperus rotundus' traditional use as an analgesic for this condition. This highlights the broader medicinal applications of the herb beyond cancer treatment, showcasing its significance in managing pain in women's health.
22) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulation refers to the buildup of substances in living organisms or cells. In the text, it may pertain to observations of apoptotic changes and compound effects in cancer cells exposed to Cyperus rotundus extracts, which could indicate the development of therapeutic interventions based on such mechanisms.
23) Developing:
Developing refers to the process of creating or formulating new treatments or products. The document emphasizes the potential of Cyperus rotundus in developing new herbal anti-cancer formulations, promoting ongoing research into its efficacy and therapeutic applications in modern medicine.
24) Substance:
The term substance is often used interchangeably with ‘compound’ or ‘extract.’ In the document, it relates to the specific extracts from Cyperus rotundus that have been tested for their anti-cancer activity, highlighting their importance in formulating effective herbal remedies.
25) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can be harmful to living organisms. The document discusses assessments of the toxicity of Cyperus rotundus extracts, emphasizing the need for rigorously evaluating potential adverse effects while exploring their therapeutic benefits in anti-cancer treatments.
26) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing and treating diseases. The text discusses traditional and modern usage of Cyperus rotundus as a medicinal herb, showcasing its potential benefits in pharmacology, particularly in the field of cancer treatment.
27) Vomiting:
Vomiting is a common symptom associated with various ailments, including cancer treatment side effects. The text indicates Cyperus rotundus' historical use in treating gastrointestinal symptoms like vomiting, highlighting its diverse therapeutic applications in both traditional and modern medicine.
28) Species:
Species in the biological context refers to a group of organisms capable of interbreeding. The document focuses on the specific species Cyperus rotundus, emphasizing its unique properties and relevance in both ecological and pharmacological research, particularly as a source of medicinal compounds.
29) Account:
Account refers to a detailed report or narrative regarding a topic or subject. The document provides a comprehensive account of the anti-cancer activities of Cyperus rotundus, summarizing the findings from various studies and showcasing its potential as a therapeutic agent.
30) Family:
Family refers to a taxonomic rank in biological classification. In this case, Cyperus rotundus belongs to the Cyperaceae family. The text emphasizes the botanical classification, which is important for understanding the relationships and potential uses of related plants within traditional and modern medicine.
31) India:
India is the geographical context in which the study of Cyperus rotundus is particularly relevant due to the high incidence of cancer cases. The text emphasizes the significance of exploring indigenous plants for their potential in developing effective anti-cancer treatments tailored to the health needs of the Indian population.
32) Fever:
Fever is a common symptom indicative of various health conditions. The document mentions the traditional use of Cyperus rotundus in treating fever, showcasing its historical medicinal applications alongside its explored potential in cancer treatment, reinforcing its role in holistic health.
33) Java:
Java, as referenced in the document, connects to one of the common names for Cyperus rotundus, further emphasizing its recognition and usage in various cultures. This highlights the global relevance of the plant as a medicinal herb and its potential applications across different traditional medicinal systems.
34) Diet:
Diet pertains to the food and drink consumed by individuals, which can influence health. The document underlines the significance of natural diets in combating diseases, particularly cancer, and points to the role of herbal remedies like Cyperus rotundus in promoting wellness and preventive health measures.
35) Pir:
Peer refers to the process of review by other experts in the field, ensuring the quality and validity of research findings. The text references peer-reviewed articles as sources for evidence, underscoring the importance of credibility in scientific research, particularly in the study of natural products.
36) Tapi:
DAPi (Diamidino-2-phenylindole) is a fluorescent DNA stain used for staining cellular nuclei. The text suggests the use of DAPI in assessing apoptotic activity in cancer research, illustrating its relevance in evaluating the effects of Cyperus rotundus extracts on cell viability and morphology.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Anti-cancer activity of cyperus rotundus’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Cyperus rotundus, Therapeutic value, Chemical composition, Antioxidant activity, Hormonal regulation, Anti-inflammatory effect, Anti-cancer activity, Cell growth inhibition, Sequential extraction, Methanol extract, Traditional Ayurvedic medicine, Flavonoid extract, Cytotoxic activities, Anti-mutagenic activity, Caspase activation, Therapeutic formulation, Cleverger apparatus, Apoptotic properties, Pro-apoptotic activity, Bioassay guided fractionation, MDA-MB-231 cells, Nitric oxide production, Phytochemical constituent.