Antiproliferative effect of Ocimum gratissimum on MCF-7 cells.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Antiproliferation activity of ocimum gratissimum aqueous extract on human breast cancer mcf-7 cell line
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Shaktiprasad Pradhan, Debasish Pradhan, Bandana Behera
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Antiproliferation activity of ocimum gratissimum aqueous extract on human breast cancer mcf-7 cell line
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20189-12123
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study investigates the anticancer properties of Ocimum gratissimum, commonly known as Rama Tulsi or African basil, traditionally utilized in Ayurvedic medicine for its various medicinal benefits. The research focuses on the efficacy of its aqueous extract against human breast cancer cells, specifically the MCF-7 cell line. Given the increased prevalence of breast cancer worldwide, exploring ethnomedicinal plants for potential anticancer agents is crucial.
Antiproliferation Activity
The findings reveal that Ocimum gratissimum aqueous extract exhibits significant antiproliferation effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The cytotoxicity was quantified using the MTT assay, revealing an IC50 value of 41.7 µg/ml. This indicates that the extract effectively reduces the viability of cancer cells, showcasing its potential as a natural anticancer agent. Morphological examinations further corroborated these findings, as the treated cells displayed characteristics associated with apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage and the formation of apoptotic bodies.
Role of Bioactive Compounds
An essential aspect of the study is the identification of bioactive compounds within Ocimum gratissimum extracts that may contribute to its therapeutic properties. The research indicates that the leaves contain a rich array of phytochemicals, including alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, all known for their health benefits. These compounds may play a significant role in enhancing the plant's ability to combat cancer, given their established biological activities and minimal toxicity compared to synthetic drugs.
Methodology for Extracting Benefits
The study utilized a systematic approach for preparing the Ocimum gratissimum aqueous extract, involving the maceration process and rigorous cytotoxicity testing. The leaves were collected, dried, and processed to create a concentrated extract, which was then subjected to various concentrations in vitro to assess its effects on MCF-7 cells in a controlled environment. The methodological rigor enhances the reliability of the presented results and underscores the importance of traditional knowledge in contemporary medicinal practices.
Conclusion
The research underscores the promising potential of Ocimum gratissimum as a source of novel anticancer compounds, particularly in the treatment of breast cancer. With a demonstrated capacity to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, further investigation into the purification and characterization of its active ingredients is warranted. These efforts may pave the way for developing new therapeutic agents derived from traditional medicinal plants, providing sustainable alternatives in cancer treatment while maintaining the cultural significance of these ethnomedicinal sources.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the objective of the study on Ocimum gratissimum?
The study aims to explore the anticancer properties of Ocimum gratissimum, an ethnomedicinal plant from Odisha, specifically its effects on human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line.
How was the Ocimum gratissimum extract prepared for testing?
The aqueous extract was prepared using a maceration process, soaking dried leaves in water for 72 hours, followed by filtration and freeze drying to obtain a powdered extract.
What method was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the extract?
The cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay, which measures cell viability by assessing the metabolic activity of viable cells after treatment with different concentrations of the extract.
What results were observed when MCF-7 cells were treated with the extract?
The extract exhibited significant antiproliferation activity, with an IC50 value of 41.7 µg/ml, leading to increased cell death and observable morphological changes indicating apoptosis.
What bioactive compounds are found in Ocimum gratissimum?
The extract contains various bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, and flavonoids, which contribute to its potential anticancer and therapeutic properties.
What is the significance of this study for cancer treatment?
This research indicates that Ocimum gratissimum has potential as a source of novel anticancer compounds, highlighting the need for further studies and clinical trials to confirm its therapeutic efficacy.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Antiproliferative effect of Ocimum gratissimum on MCF-7 cells.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Cancer:
Cancer refers to an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. This study investigates the potential anticancer effects of Ocimum gratissimum on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, showcasing traditional plants as sources for new treatments against this significant health issue affecting millions globally.
2) Line:
In the context of the research, 'line' refers to the cell line utilized for experiments, specifically the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Cell lines are crucial for cancer research as they provide a controlled environment to study cancer biology and test potential treatments.
3) Study (Studying):
The study is an investigation into the anticancer properties of Ocimum gratissimum on MCF-7 cells. It emphasizes the importance of scientific research in validating traditional medicinal claims and exploring new therapeutic avenues against diseases like cancer, which remains a leading cause of mortality.
4) Activity:
Activity in the context of this paper refers to the biological effects exerted by the aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum on cancer cells. The significant anticancer activity discussed indicates the extract's ability to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, vital for drug development.
5) Pradhan:
Shaktiprasad Pradhan is the corresponding author of this research. His contributions, alongside those of his colleagues, advance understanding of potential anticancer agents derived from traditional medicinal plants, reinforcing the importance of academic research in bringing forward new therapeutic strategies.
6) India:
India serves as the geographical backdrop for this research, highlighting its rich heritage in traditional medicine, especially with plants like Tulsi. The country's diverse flora provides abundant resources for exploring novel drugs, contributing to global healthcare advancements.
7) Medicine:
Medicines denote substances used for treating diseases. This study aims to explore Ocimum gratissimum as a potential medicine for breast cancer, bridging the knowledge of traditional remedies and modern pharmacological applications in oncology.
8) Tulsi:
Tulsi, or Ocimum sanctum, is a revered plant in India known for its medicinal properties. The study focuses on another variant, Ocimum gratissimum, demonstrating the significance of plants in ethnomedicine and their potential to provide therapeutic benefits against prevalent health issues.
9) Bhubaneswar (Bhubaneshvar, Bhubanesvar):
Bhubaneswar, the capital of Odisha, India, is significant as the research was conducted in this region. The area’s rich biodiversity and traditional knowledge offer a wealth of ethnomedicinal plants like Ocimum gratissimum, paving the way for scientific exploration in pharmacology.
10) Science (Scientific):
Science as a broader term reflects the methodologies and critical analysis used in the study to investigate the anticancer effects of Ocimum gratissimum. It underscores the role of empirical evidence in developing effective treatments for diseases such as cancer.
11) Death:
Death, in this research, refers to the adverse outcome of uncontrolled cell proliferation, typical of cancer. The study highlights the potential of Ocimum gratissimum extract to induce cell death in cancer cells, presenting a promising avenue for cancer therapeutics.
12) Observation:
Observation pertains to the meticulous monitoring of cellular and morphological changes in treated cancer cells during the study. Scientific observation is crucial for understanding the effects of treatments and establishing the efficacy of potential anticancer agents.
13) Rama:
Rama Tulsi refers to one variant of the Tulsi plant, known for its therapeutic properties. The term reflects the cultural significance of herbal medicine in India, indicating the historical use of various Ocimum species in traditional practices, vital for contemporary research.
14) Drug:
Drug in this context refers to a substance that can have a medicinal effect; here, it relates to the bioactive compounds derived from Ocimum gratissimum. The quest for plants as drugs emphasizes the potential of natural sources in drug discovery and development.
15) Disease:
Diseases cover a wide array of health conditions, including cancer, highlighted in this research. The exploration of Ocimum gratissimum aims to contribute to the identification of new therapeutic avenues for various diseases, showcasing the plant's potential in modern medicine.
16) Species:
Species refers to the classification of organisms; here, it includes Ocimum gratissimum. The diversity of plant species contributes to the exploration of various bioactive compounds, essential for the development of new medicines and enhancing current treatment protocols.
17) Shyama (Syama):
Shyama Tulsi is another variant of the Tulsi plant considered in traditional medicine. The study emphasizes the importance of various Ocimum species, recognizing their unique properties and contributions to health practices and potential pharmaceutical applications.
18) Powder:
Powder refers to the form of the Ocimum gratissimum leaves after processing for extraction. The powder serves as the raw material for creating the aqueous extract, which is integral to the study, demonstrating the transformation of natural products into research-compatible formats.
19) Pune:
Pune is notable for housing the ICSCCB, which contributed the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line used in the study. This highlights the collaboration in scientific research across regions, facilitating advancements in understanding cancer and developing effective treatment strategies.
20) Ocimum sanctum:
Ocimum sanctum, commonly known as Holy Basil or Tulsi, is extensively studied for its health benefits. Its mention in this research relates to its cultural heritage in medicine and signifies the broader potential of the Ocimum genus in providing therapeutic agents.
21) New Delhi:
New Delhi signifies the national capital of India and the location of the ICMR, which funded the research. Its reference emphasizes the support for scientific endeavors that explore traditional medicines for modern healthcare applications.
22) Chemotherapy:
Chemotherapy is a common cancer treatment method using drugs to kill cancer cells. The study's exploration of Ocimum gratissimum could lead to alternative or adjunct therapies, enhancing treatment options and addressing the side effects associated with traditional chemotherapy.
23) Purification:
Purification refers to the process of isolating bioactive compounds from the aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum. Effective purification is essential for further studies to identify and evaluate the specific compounds responsible for its anticancer activity.
24) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response often involved in cancer progression. Understanding the anti-inflammatory properties of substances like Ocimum gratissimum can provide insights into their therapeutic roles, potentially mitigating inflammation in cancer and other diseases.
25) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is significant as the state where the MCF-7 cell line was obtained for the study. This highlights the cooperative nature of research, linking institutions across various regions to advance the scientific exploration of cancer treatments.
26) Calculation:
Calculation pertains to the numerical analysis of data gathered during the research, particularly concerning cell viability and IC50 values. Accurate calculations ensure the validity of the results and the reliability of the conclusions drawn regarding the extract's efficacy.
27) Discussion:
Discussion in this study encapsulates the interpretation of results, placing findings in the context of existing knowledge. This section is vital for understanding the implications of the research, evaluating its significance, and guiding future directions for research in anticancer therapies.
28) Knowledge:
Knowledge refers to the accumulated understanding derived from both traditional practices and scientific research. The study underscores the importance of integrating ethnomedicinal knowledge with modern science to explore new therapeutic avenues for diseases like cancer.
29) Container:
Container refers to the vessel that holds the dried powder of Ocimum gratissimum leaves, ensuring proper storage until use. In experimental settings, appropriate containers help maintain sample integrity and prevent contamination, crucial for reliable scientific analysis.
30) Flavonoid:
Flavonoid is a class of phytonutrients found in many plants, including Ocimum gratissimum. These compounds are known for their antioxidant properties and potential health benefits, underscoring the plant's significance as a source of essential bioactive molecules in pharmaceutical research.
31) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda signifies a traditional healing system native to India, emphasizing balance and natural remedies. The relevance of Ayurveda in this research underscores the historical healing practices that inspire contemporary studies seeking to validate and utilize plant-based medicines.
32) Toxicity:
Toxicity is a measure of harm posed by substances to living organisms. This study emphasizes the potential low toxicity of Ocimum gratissimum from the perspective of drug development, suggesting that natural compounds might offer safer alternatives in cancer treatment.
33) Turmeric:
Turmeric, renowned for its anticancer properties due to active compounds like curcumin, parallels the study of Ocimum gratissimum. Both represent examples of the rich tradition in Indian medicine that explored plants for their biochemical potential against diseases.
34) Samhita:
Samhita refers to ancient texts that document traditional medicine practices, including Ayurveda. Its mention highlights the historical significance of documented knowledge in guiding contemporary research on the medicinal properties of plants like Ocimum gratissimum.
35) Account:
Account in this context refers to the documented findings and interpretations presented in the study. Providing an account of research outcomes contributes to the scientific literature, fostering a better understanding of the potential applications of traditional plants in modern healthcare.
36) Surface:
Surface pertains to the physical characteristics of MCF-7 cells as they interact with the aqueous extract. Changes to the cell surface upon treatment are indicative of various cellular processes and can provide insights into the modes of action of the treatment.
37) Behera:
Behera is one of the authors of the study, contributing to the research on the anticancer effects of Ocimum gratissimum. Collaborative efforts among authors signify the multidisciplinary approach vital for advancing research and potential therapeutic developments.
38) Forest:
Forest indicates the source of Ocimum gratissimum leaves, illustrating the importance of biodiversity in clinical research. The collection from a natural habitat emphasizes the connection between nature and the potential health benefits derived from environmental resources.
39) Medium:
Medium refers to the growth medium used for cultivating MCF-7 cells during the experiment. An appropriate culture medium is essential for maintaining cell viability and ensuring valid results in studies assessing biological effects of treatments.
40) Killing (Killed):
Killed relates to the measure of cell death induced by Ocimum gratissimum treatment in the study. Understanding the extent to which the extract affects cell viability is crucial for evaluating its potential as an anticancer agent.
41) Botany:
Botany encompasses the study of plants, including their properties and potential uses. This research integrates botanical knowledge with pharmacological studies, reinforcing the significance of plant sciences in discovering new therapeutic agents derived from natural sources.
42) Delhi:
Delhi refers to the capital city of India, highlighting its role as a hub for scientific research and funding, specifically referring to the ICMR, which supported this study. It underscores the importance of governmental and organizational support in advancing medical research.
43) Nayak:
Nayak is a referenced expert who identified the plant used in the study. His expertise emphasizes the collaboration between different fields, such as botany and pharmacology, fostering a deeper understanding of traditional plants' therapeutic potential.
44) Aroma (A-roma):
Aroma relates to the characteristic scent of Ocimum gratissimum, which is often linked to its medicinal properties. The aromatic qualities can enhance the appeal of herbal medicine, drawing attention to the holistic aspects of using plants in healing practices.
45) Water:
Water is the solvent used in the extraction process of Ocimum gratissimum. Its role as a medium for dissolving active compounds is critical to the study, facilitating the evaluation of the extract's effects on cancer cells.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Antiproliferative effect of Ocimum gratissimum on MCF-7 cells.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Clinical trial, Aqueous extract, MCF-7 cell line, MTT assay, Ethnomedicinal plant, Cancer therapy, Growth inhibition, Human breast cancer, Cell apoptosis, Bioactive Molecule.