Effect of cinnamaldehyde on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Effect of cinnamaldehyde on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:
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K. Padhi, R. Somani and D. Pradhan
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Effect of cinnamaldehyde on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20189-12095
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by pain, inflammation of the synovial membrane, and restricted joint movement, leading to significant disability and reduced quality of life. Affecting approximately 1% of the global population, current anti-rheumatic therapies often exhibit limited efficacy and may come with high costs and adverse effects. This study investigates the potential anti-arthritic effects of Cinnamaldehyde, a compound abundant in various plant species and known for its diverse pharmacological properties.
Anti-Arthritic Activity of Cinnamaldehyde
The research focused on evaluating the efficacy of Cinnamaldehyde in a rat model of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. The study administered various doses of Cinnamaldehyde to different groups of rats over a specific treatment period. Results indicated that Cinnamaldehyde significantly reduced characteristics of arthritis such as weight loss, increased levels of White Blood Cells (WBC), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor (RF). The conclusion drawn is that Cinnamaldehyde has a beneficial effect in managing rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.
Hematological and Biochemical Improvements
In the context of hematological parameters, the study noted a decrease in hemoglobin and RBC counts and an increase in WBC counts associated with arthritis. Following Cinnamaldehyde treatment, a marked improvement was observed, with increased RBC and hemoglobin levels and reduced WBC counts and ESR. These findings underscore Cinnamaldehyde's role in counteracting the hematological disturbances commonly associated with RA, signaling its potential as a supportive therapeutic agent.
Radiological Assessment
Radiological examinations revealed significant findings regarding joint health in CFA-induced arthritic rats. The untreated control group displayed signs of severe joint damage, including narrowing of joint spaces and soft tissue swelling. Conversely, rats treated with Cinnamaldehyde exhibited a reduction in these radiological deformities, particularly at a dose of 100 mg/kg, indicating its potential role in mitigating joint destruction and enhancing overall joint health in arthritic conditions.
Conclusion
Overall, the study demonstrates that Cinnamaldehyde possesses significant anti-arthritic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties, contributing to the alleviation of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms in rat models. The demonstrated efficacy in improving biochemical, hematological, and radiological parameters suggests that Cinnamaldehyde may serve as a valuable addition to current anti-rheumatic therapies. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of its action and to establish safety and efficacy for clinical applications.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Cinnamaldehyde and its sources?
Cinnamaldehyde is a phytoconstituent found in various plants, including Cinnamomum cassia and Cinnamomum osmophloeum. It belongs to the terpene group and is commonly found in spices.
What condition was studied in the research?
The study investigated the effect of Cinnamaldehyde on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats, an experimental model resembling rheumatoid arthritis.
How was arthritis induced in the study?
Arthritis was induced by injecting 0.1 ml of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) into the left hind paw of the rats.
What were the results related to body weight?
Cinnamaldehyde treatment significantly reduced the body weight loss observed in arthritic rats, indicating its potential anti-inflammatory effects.
What were the effects on haematological parameters?
Cinnamaldehyde treated groups showed restored levels of RBC count, hemoglobin, decreased WBC count, and lower ESR compared to arthritic controls.
What are the future research suggestions?
Future studies should explore the mechanism of action of Cinnamaldehyde and evaluate its safety and efficacy in clinical trials.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Effect of cinnamaldehyde on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Animal:
The word 'animals' encompasses various species used in scientific research. In this study, both rats and mice were involved to assess the safety and efficacy of Cinnamaldehyde. Research on animals provides insights into biological processes and helps in evaluating potential treatments before human trials.
2) Pati (Patin):
K. Padhi is the corresponding author and a key contributor to the research on the effects of Cinnamaldehyde on arthritis. His affiliation with All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Society’s College of Pharmacy emphasizes the importance of academic institutions in advancing pharmaceutical research and public health knowledge.
3) Activity:
In the context of this study, 'activity' refers to the therapeutic effects of Cinnamaldehyde against adjuvant-induced arthritis. The evaluation of its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties constitutes a significant aspect of pharmacology, assisting in determining its potential role in treatment protocols for rheumatoid arthritis.
4) India:
The mention of 'India' signifies the geographical context in which the study was conducted. The institutions involved, including the AISSMS College of Pharmacy and Utkal University, contribute to the burgeoning pharmaceutical research landscape in India, supporting advancements in medicine and healthcare through local studies.
5) Drug:
The term 'drug' in this research refers to Cinnamaldehyde, a natural compound being investigated for its pharmacological properties. Understanding the efficacy and safety of this drug is vital for its potential as a therapeutic agent in treating conditions like rheumatoid arthritis in clinical settings.
6) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a key pathological process in rheumatoid arthritis, characterized by swelling, pain, and tissue destruction. This study aimed to evaluate how Cinnamaldehyde can modulate inflammatory responses, providing potential therapeutic benefits while reducing adverse effects associated with traditional anti-inflammatory medications.
7) Hind:
The term 'hind' in the study relates to the hind paw of the rats, which was used for injecting Complete Freund's Adjuvant to induce arthritis. This anatomical reference is crucial for understanding the localized effects of the treatment on arthritis manifestations in the model.
8) Rheumatoid arthritis:
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that this study focuses on. Characterized by joint inflammation, pain, and disability, it affects the quality of life for millions worldwide. Investigating treatments like Cinnamaldehyde contributes to developing alternative therapies with potentially fewer side effects.
9) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the potential harmful effects of substances on living organisms. The study's acute oral toxicity testing helped establish safe dosage levels for Cinnamaldehyde, ensuring its application in treatment protocols is both effective and safe for patients suffering from arthritic conditions.
10) Swelling:
Swelling is a hallmark symptom of inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis, indicating tissue reaction to injury or disease. The study measures the effect of Cinnamaldehyde on joint swelling, an important parameter to assess the compound's anti-inflammatory efficacy in alleviating arthritis symptoms.
11) Disease:
In this context, 'disease' refers to rheumatoid arthritis, a condition characterized by persistent inflammation and joint damage. Understanding disease mechanisms and potential treatments, such as Cinnamaldehyde, is essential for developing effective management strategies to improve patient outcomes.
12) Table:
The word 'table' refers to the formatted presentation of data within the research paper. Tables summarize important results related to haematological parameters and joint assessments, enabling clear communication of findings, facilitating understanding, and allowing comparisons between treatment groups.
13) Study (Studying):
The term 'study' encompasses the systematic investigation of Cinnamaldehyde's effects on arthritis in laboratory animals. It highlights the rigorous scientific methods employed to explore the compound's efficacy, toxicity, and safety, contributing valuable knowledge to the field of pharmacology and therapeutic development.
14) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological relates to the study of drugs and their effects on biological systems. The research investigates the pharmacological activities of Cinnamaldehyde, contributing to understanding how natural compounds can provide therapeutic benefits against diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.
15) Species:
The term 'species' pertains to the various types of organisms involved in the study, specifically the rats and mice that were used as experimental models. Different species can exhibit varying responses to treatments, important in assessing drug efficacy and safety.
16) Pune:
Pune is the city in India where the All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Society’s College of Pharmacy is located. This context highlights the importance of local academic and research institutions in contributing to the global pharmaceutical and biomedical research landscape.
17) Pain:
Pain is a significant symptom of rheumatoid arthritis, impacting patients' quality of life. This study focuses on evaluating how Cinnamaldehyde can alleviate pain through its anti-inflammatory properties, thereby offering insight into its potential therapeutic role in arthritis management.
18) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the science of drugs and their effects on living systems. This research contributes to the field by exploring Cinnamaldehyde’s effects on rheumatoid arthritis, thereby enhancing understanding of natural products in drug development and their therapeutic applications.
19) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is the Indian state where the study took place, specifically in Pune. Recognizing the location underscores the significance of regional research efforts in addressing local health issues and contributing to the global understanding of pharmacological agents.
20) Observation:
Observation refers to the methodical examination and recording of data during the study. It plays a vital role in assessing the effects of treatments on animal subjects, providing the necessary evidence to support the efficacy and safety of Cinnamaldehyde in treating arthritis.
21) Teaching:
Teaching involves the dissemination of knowledge, particularly in the context of academic institutions. The research benefitted from the guidance and expertise of professors and faculty, illustrating the vital role of education in advancing pharmaceutical and scientific research.
22) Science (Scientific):
Science is the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation. This research exemplifies the application of scientific methods in exploring the therapeutic properties of Cinnamaldehyde for rheumatoid arthritis.
23) Water:
Water is essential for life and plays a crucial role in biological processes, including drug absorption and metabolism. In animal studies, it's important to ensure that subjects have unrestricted access to water, to maintain hydration and overall health during experimentation.
24) Blood:
Blood represents a vital fluid in the body that carries oxygen, nutrients, and waste products. In this study, haematological parameters measured in blood samples provide insight into the physiological effects of Cinnamaldehyde treatment on arthritic conditions and overall health.
25) Shri (Sri, Sr):
Shri is a respectful honorific title in Indian culture used to denote someone of high regard. It emphasizes the esteem and respect accorded to institutions and individuals, such as the 'Shri Shivaji Memorial Society’s College of Pharmacy,' enhancing the perception of authority in the research field.
26) Sign:
The term 'sign' in scientific research typically relates to observable indicators or symptoms that suggest a particular condition or effect. In the context of this study, signs would include changes in body weight, inflammation, and haematological parameters in response to treatments.
27) Road:
The mention of 'road' refers to the location of the college, contributing to the context of the research setting. It emphasizes the geographical relevance of the institution involved in the study and its accessibility for educational and research purposes.
28) Cinnamomum cassia:
Cinnamomum cassia is a tree species from which Cinnamaldehyde is derived. Understanding this species' botanical characteristics and pharmacological properties can lead to insights into the therapeutic potential of its extracts, particularly in treating inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.
29) New Delhi:
New Delhi is the capital city of India and represents a significant political and academic hub. Its mention signifies the regulatory oversight from the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA), ensuring ethical standards in animal research.
30) Bhubaneswar (Bhubaneshvar, Bhubanesvar):
Bhubaneswar is the capital city of the Indian state of Odisha and is relevant as the location of the University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Its inclusion highlights the contributions of various educational institutions in advancing pharmaceutical research and training in India.
31) Measurement:
Measurement refers to the quantitative assessment of observed variables in the study. Accurate measurement of haematological parameters, body weight, and inflammation is crucial for drawing valid conclusions about the effects of Cinnamaldehyde and ensuring reproducibility in research.
32) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section in the research that interprets and contextualizes the findings. It is essential for understanding the implications of results, reinforcing their significance in the broader scope of pharmacological research and potential clinical applications.
33) Developing:
Developing often pertains to the progression of a condition or the maturation of methodologies. In this study, it reflects the stages of arthritis being investigated and the potential for Cinnamaldehyde to treat both early and advanced phases of the disease.
34) Fixation:
Fixation in this context describes the process of determining a suitable dose for Cinnamaldehyde based on toxicity studies. Establishing safe and effective dosage levels is essential for ensuring the drug's viability for therapeutic applications and minimizing the risk of adverse effects.
35) Relative:
Relative refers to the comparison between different parameters or groups in the study. It is important in establishing the context for changes observed, such as improvements in health indicators relative to treatment, helping to validate the efficacy of Cinnamaldehyde.
36) Pradhan:
D. Pradhan is a co-author of the study, affiliated with the University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences. His involvement underscores the collaborative nature of research efforts among institutions, contributing to the depth and breadth of knowledge within the field.
37) Quality:
Quality pertains to the standard of health and well-being assessed in both the animals studied and the potential outcomes for humans. Evaluating quality of life parameters in relation to treatment highlights the broader impact of pharmacological research on patient care.
38) Surface:
Surface refers to the specific area where Freund's complete adjuvant was injected into the rats' hind paws. Understanding this aspect is critical for replicating the arthritis model and ensuring consistent experimental outcomes across different trials.
39) Delhi:
Delhi serves as a significant cultural and administrative center in India. Its reference in the context of regulatory bodies highlights the government's role in overseeing ethical standards in pharmaceutical research, thus enhancing the credibility of conducted studies.
40) House:
House refers to the central animal house facility where the laboratory animals were housed. Proper housing conditions are essential for ensuring the welfare of experimental subjects and the validity of research outcomes.
41) Beta:
Beta refers to various forms or stages in different contexts. In pharmacology, it could denote beta-receptors that play a role in physiological responses. Understanding these interactions can enhance knowledge regarding drug mechanisms at the cellular level.
42) Cage:
Cage denotes the environment where laboratory animals are kept during experiments. Ensuring appropriate cage conditions promotes animal welfare, minimizing stress that could influence the results of experiments concerning drug efficacy and safety.
43) Line:
Line relates to the particular strain or breed of animals used in research. Each line may have unique genetic traits that affect their responses to treatments, contributing to the reproducibility and reliability of experimental outcomes.
44) Male:
Male refers to the sex of certain animals used in research studies. The choice of male or female subjects can considerably influence biological responses, necessitating careful consideration when interpreting results from drug efficacy and side effect evaluations.
45) Life:
Life refers to the biological processes crucial for the survival of organisms. In the context of this research, it emphasizes the objective of improving quality of life for individuals suffering from rheumatoid arthritis through effective therapeutic solutions.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Effect of cinnamaldehyde on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Rheumatoid arthritis, Rheumatoid factor, Anti-inflammatory properties, Acute Toxicity Studies, Atherosclerosis, Analgesic activity, C-Reactive Protein, Therapeutic Activity, Animal Ethics Committee, Acute phase response, Haematological parameters, Therapeutic protocol, Radiological assessment, Freund's Complete Adjuvant, Reference Standard, Biochemical parameter, Cinnamaldehyde, Prostaglandin E2, Chronic autoimmune disorder.