Pharmacological review of dhanvayasa (fagonia cretica linn)
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Pharmacological review of dhanvayasa (fagonia cretica linn)
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Dr. Tarun Gupta, Prof. Dr. U. U. Zala and Prof. Dr. P. U. Vaishnav
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Pharmacological review of dhanvayasa (fagonia cretica linn)
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201811-12444
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Dhanvayasa, commonly known as Fagonia cretica Linn., is a small spiny perennial shrub predominantly found in the arid regions of North-west India. It belongs to the Zygophyllaceae family and is referred to as Dhamaso in Gujarati and Duralabha in Bengali. The plant is recognized for its extensive application in Ayurvedic medicine, particularly for treating conditions associated with vitiated Pitta dosha. This review seeks to compile pharmacological activities and therapeutic properties of Dhanvayasa, as mentioned in various classical Ayurvedic texts and research articles, thereby facilitating future clinical trials.
Pharmacological Activities
One of the key attributes of Dhanvayasa is its diverse pharmacological activities. Research has identified several bioactive compounds in the plant, including saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which contribute to its medicinal efficacy. Specifically, studies have highlighted Dhanvayasa's potential in thrombolytic activity, neuroprotection, and antioxidant effects. Furthermore, the plant exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, which are essential for treating various ailments. The versatility of Dhanvayasa in combating different diseases underscores its relevance in modern pharmacology.
Therapeutic Uses
Dhanvayasa's therapeutic applications are well-documented across multiple classical texts. It is suggested for the treatment of conditions such as Atisara (diarrhea), Grahani (digestive disorders), Daha (burning sensations), and Raktapitta (bleeding disorders). The Ayurvedic texts outline its effectiveness against a range of disorders, including Vata-Pitta imbalances and ailments like Kustha (skin diseases), Vatarakta (gout), and Mutraghata (urinary retention). The comprehensive utilization of Dhanvayasa in various formulations showcases its importance in traditional medicine.
Chemical Composition and Properties
The chemical constituents of Dhanvayasa significantly contribute to its therapeutic effects. Notably, the plant is characterized by the presence of saponins, alkaloids, and amino acids, which enhance its pharmacological actions. According to the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia, Dhanvayasa possesses properties such as Laghu (light), Sara (subtle), and Sheeta (cold potency), which further defines its therapeutic profile. The plant is classified as having multiple rasas (tastes), including Tikta (bitter), Madhura (sweet), and Kashaya (astringent), thereby promoting various health benefits.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the exploration of Dhanvayasa (Fagonia cretica Linn.) reveals its significant medicinal potential and broad spectrum of pharmacological actions, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, neuroprotective, and antimicrobial effects. Its established therapeutic applications in Ayurvedic literature suggest that it plays a valuable role in treating numerous health conditions. Continued research and clinical trials on Dhanvayasa can promote its integration into modern medicinal practices, thus enhancing its utility and effectiveness in holistic healthcare.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Dhanvayasa and its scientific name?
Dhanvayasa, scientifically known as Fagonia cretica Linn., is a small spiny woody perennial shrub found in the dry regions of North-west India. It is utilized in Ayurvedic medicine for treating various conditions.
What are the primary properties of Dhanvayasa?
Dhanvayasa possesses Tikta-Kashaya-Madhura Rasa (bitter, astringent, sweet taste), Laghu-Sara Guna (light, mobile properties), and Sheeta Virya (cool potency), indicating its potential therapeutic benefits in Ayurveda.
What are the key pharmacological activities of Dhanvayasa?
Dhanvayasa exhibits several pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, thrombolytic, neuroprotective, and wound healing properties, making it significant for various health conditions.
Which Ayurvedic formulations utilize Dhanvayasa?
Dhanvayasa is a key ingredient in multiple Ayurvedic formulations, including Chitrakadi Vati, Duralabhadi kwath, and Ushirasava, highlighting its importance in traditional herbal medicine.
What health conditions can Dhanvayasa treat according to Ayurvedic literature?
According to Ayurvedic texts, Dhanvayasa is used for conditions like Atisara, Grahani, Daha, Jvara, Raktapitta, and others, demonstrating its wide range of therapeutic applications.
What is the significance of Rasapanchaka in relation to Dhanvayasa?
Rasapanchaka refers to the five taste and property evaluations in Ayurveda, and studying Dhanvayasa's Rasapanchaka helps to understand its therapeutic actions and potential effects in treatments.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Pharmacological review of dhanvayasa (fagonia cretica linn)”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Nighantu (Nighamtu):
Nighantu refers to classical texts in Ayurveda that list medicinal plants along with their properties, uses, and classifications. It serves as a key reference for practitioners and researchers to understand the therapeutic potentials of various herbs, including Dhanvayasa, and helps preserve traditional knowledge in herbal medicine.
2) Dhanvayasa:
Dhanvayasa, scientifically known as Fagonia cretica, is a spiny perennial shrub native to dry regions of North-west India. It holds significant importance in Ayurvedic medicine for its therapeutic properties and is used to address various health conditions, highlighting the need for ongoing research and clinical trials to optimize its applications.
3) Raktapitta (Rakta-pitta):
Raktapitta is a condition defined in Ayurveda that involves the disturbance of blood and is characterized by symptoms like bleeding, inflammation, and a feeling of heat. Dhanvayasa is noted for its efficacy in treating Raktapitta, showcasing how Ayurveda approaches complex health issues through holistic treatments.
4) Chardi:
Chardi refers to a condition of vomiting in Ayurveda, which can result from various imbalances in the body. Treatment strategies using plants like Dhanvayasa aim to balance doshas, particularly in patients facing gastrointestinal disturbances, and address the root cause of the ailment.
5) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the study of medications or biological substances and their effects on living organisms. Understanding the pharmacological actions of medicinal plants like Dhanvayasa is essential for validating traditional claims and providing a scientific basis for their use in modern medicine.
6) Activity:
In the context of pharmacology, activity pertains to the effects a substance has on biological systems, usually aimed at therapeutic outcomes. Dhanvayasa exhibits various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, crucial for assessing its medicinal value.
7) Jvara:
Jvara translates to fever in Ayurveda and is a common symptom of many underlying health conditions. Dhanvayasa is used in treating Jvara, emphasizing the traditional medicine's holistic approach to alleviating symptoms and restoring balance in the body through herbal remedies.
8) Gupta:
Gupta, in this context, refers to Dr. Tarun Gupta, the lead researcher of the study on Dhanvayasa. His work contributes to the understanding and promotion of Ayurvedic knowledge in modern contexts and reinforces the importance of scholarly research in validating traditional medicinal practices.
9) Trishna (Trsna):
Trsna means thirst in Ayurveda and can indicate an imbalance, usually related to Pitta dosha. Herbal remedies like Dhanvayasa are employed to mitigate Trsna, underscoring how Ayurveda views symptoms as indicative of deeper physiological disturbances that require balance and regulation.
10) Vatarakta (Vata-rakta):
Vatarakta describes a condition akin to gout, manifesting as joint pain and inflammation due to imbalanced Vata and Pitta doshas. Dhanvayasa's application as a treatment showcases Ayurveda's comprehensive approach to managing chronic conditions through herbal interventions.
11) Brahma:
Brahma refers to a mental state of confusion or delirium in Ayurvedic texts. Conditions like Brahma require careful assessment and treatment strategies, often involving herbal remedies such as Dhanvayasa, which aim to stabilize the mind and restore clarity.
12) Kushtha (Kustha):
Kustha denotes a group of skin disorders in Ayurveda, typically characterized by various forms of dermatitis and infections. Dhanvayasa’s recognized therapeutic properties make it useful in treating Kustha, highlighting the plant's multifaceted roles in skincare and healing.
13) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa refers to the taste or bioenergetic property of a substance in Ayurveda, influencing its therapeutic actions. Dhanvayasa possesses multiple Rasa types, which determine its effect on the body and dictate its usage in various Ayurvedic formulations.
14) Mutraghata (Mutra-aghata):
Mutraghata indicates a condition related to urinary obstruction or difficulty in urination in Ayurvedic terminology. Dhanvayasa’s use in treating Mutraghata exemplifies the plant's role in urological health and the Ayurvedic focus on restoring normal bodily functions.
15) Atisara:
Atisara refers to diarrhea in Ayurveda, often caused by an imbalance of doshas, particularly Vata and Pitta. The application of Dhanvayasa in addressing Atisara illustrates its importance in managing gastrointestinal disorders and restoring digestive health.
16) Grahani:
Grahani indicates a condition characterized by malabsorption or digestive issues in Ayurveda. The therapeutic use of Dhanvayasa in treating Grahani reinforces the understanding of digestive health in Ayurveda and its reliance on herbal solutions.
17) Virya:
Virya signifies the potency or active medicinal strength of a substance in Ayurveda. Dhanvayasa's Sheeta (cool) and Ushna (hot) properties delineate its therapeutic applications, guiding practitioners in choosing the right remedies based on individual patient conditions.
18) Daha:
Daha refers to a burning sensation, seen as a symptom in various Ayurvedic ailments. Dhanvayasa is utilized for its healing properties to alleviate Daha, exemplifying how Ayurvedic treatments focus on alleviating discomfort and restoring balance in the body.
19) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasasastra):
Rasashastra is a branch of Ayurveda focused on the use of minerals and metals in medicine, using alchemical preparations for healing. It underpins the broader Ayurvedic practice, showcasing its diverse applications that include herbal plants like Dhanvayasa.
20) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
Bhaishajya signifies the concept of medicine or pharmacology in Ayurveda, encompassing treatments derived from plants, animals, and minerals. The study of Dhanvayasa contributes valuable insights into the composition and effects of traditional Ayurvedic medicines.
21) Madhura:
Madhura translates to sweet, describing one of the tastes categorized in Ayurveda. The presence of Madhura Rasa in Dhanvayasa illustrates its soothing effects and potential benefits in counteracting discomforts associated with other more intense tastes.
22) Prameha:
Prameha refers to conditions characterized by abnormal urination or diabetes-related symptoms in Ayurvedic texts. The therapeutic applications of Dhanvayasa in treating Prameha highlight the plant’s role in addressing metabolic disorders and supporting urinary health.
23) Kalpana:
Kalpana pertains to the preparation techniques in Ayurveda used to formulate medicines, including decoctions and extracts. Understanding the Kalpana of Dhanvayasa helps in effectively utilizing its therapeutic benefits in various Ayurvedic concoctions.
24) Gujarat:
Gujarat, a state in India, is significant for being a region where Dhanvayasa naturally occurs and is traditionally used in Ayurvedic remedies. Its native distribution suggests extensive ethnobotanical knowledge and cultural practices surrounding its medicinal usage.
25) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya means astringent taste and is essential to understanding the balance of qualities within Ayurvedic medicine. Dhanvayasa's properties frequently interact with Kashaya characteristics, affecting how it is used in treatment formulations aimed at inflammation and diarrhea.
26) Gulma:
Gulma indicates a type of abdominal mass or tumor in Ayurveda, which can pose significant health challenges. The use of Dhanvayasa in addressing Gulma signifies the plant's importance in digestive health and its potential in treating complex conditions.
27) Tikta:
Tikta translates to bitter, one of the essential tastes in Ayurveda known for its detoxifying properties. Dhanvayasa's Tikta Rasa plays a crucial role in its therapeutic actions, particularly in purging accumulated toxins and balancing bodily humors.
28) India:
India, where Ayurveda originated, is rich in biodiversity offering numerous medicinal plants like Dhanvayasa. The cultural and historical context of medicinal practices within India emphasizes the significance of plants in treating various health conditions.
29) Study (Studying):
Study in this context relates to the systematic examination of Dhanvayasa and its properties as presented in research. This scientific inquiry is critical for integrating Ayurvedic medicine with modern pharmacological approaches and validating traditional practices.
30) Kasa (Kasha):
Kasa refers to cough in Ayurvedic terminology, associated with respiratory conditions. Dhanvayasa’s inclusion in treating Kasa exemplifies the plant's potential in respiratory therapies, aiming to alleviate symptoms and restore respiratory health.
31) Guna:
Guna signifies the qualities or attributes of a substance in Ayurveda, impacting its therapeutic properties. Understanding the Guna of Dhanvayasa is vital for determining how it may influence the body and guide its application in healing.
32) Post:
Post is a reference to a stage in a certain process or publication. In the context of this study, it can imply the contribution of practitioners and scholars in advancing knowledge related to Dhanvayasa and Ayurvedic practices.
33) Dhanvantari (Dhanvamtari):
Dhanvantari is regarded as the deity of Ayurveda and medicine in Hindu tradition. His significance underscores the historical and spiritual foundations of Ayurvedic practices, where Dhanvayasa is revered as an effective medicinal plant.
34) Duralabha:
Duralabha is a term suggesting rarity or preciousness. In the context of Dhanvayasa, it reflects its limited availability and potential unique healing properties, thus adding to its value in traditional medicine.
35) Pittahara (Pitta-hara):
Pittahara refers to a therapeutic property of a substance that alleviates Pitta dosha imbalances. Dhanvayasa’s classified Pittahara effects highlight the plant's relevance in managing conditions associated with excessive heat and inflammation.
36) Vatahara (Vata-ahara):
Vatahara indicates therapeutic actions that balance or reduce Vata dosha effects. Dhanvayasa’s Vatahara properties enhance its utility in addressing conditions related to anxiety, dryness, and other issues associated with Vata disturbance.
37) Visarpa:
Visarpa is an Ayurvedic term for a type of skin disease resembling leprosy. The recognition of Dhanvayasa in treating Visarpa illustrates how traditional remedies are regarded for their multifaceted approaches in managing severe skin conditions.
38) Murccha:
Murccha refers to a state of fainting or loss of consciousness in Ayurveda. Understanding Dhanvayasa's use in treating Murccha reinforces the knowledge of herbal medicine's role in reviving energy and stabilizing bodily functions.
39) Bhrama:
Bhrama represents a state of confusion or mental distraction in Ayurvedic literature. Dhanvayasa’s ability to assist in calming the mind serves as a testament to herbal remedies' impact on mental health and emotional well-being.
40) Laghu:
Laghu conveys the quality of lightness in Ayurveda. Dhanvayasa's Laghu Guna is essential for its use in treating ailments where heavy qualities may disturb bodily functions, thus emphasizing a balanced approach to treatment.
41) Table:
Table refers to organized data representation, typically used in studies to present findings clearly. In the context of Ayurvedic texts, tables facilitate comparisons of different attributes of substances like Dhanvayasa, enhancing understanding and academic research.
42) Moha:
Moha represents a state of delusion or confusion in traditional Ayurveda. Addressing Moha with herbs like Dhanvayasa emphasizes the interconnectedness of mental and physical health and the holistic nature of Ayurvedic remedies.
43) Sara (Shara):
Sara suggests the quality of fluidity or movement in Ayurvedic descriptions. Dhanvayasa's Sara Guna can indicate its potential benefits in enhancing circulation or digestive processes, highlighting its holistic therapeutic role.
44) Rajanighantu (Raja-nighantu, Rajan-nighantu):
Raja-nighantu is another classical Ayurvedic text that catalogs various herbs and their uses. It holds value in the study of Dhanvayasa, providing critical insights into the plant's therapeutic applications over time.
45) Madhurarasa (Madhura-rasa):
Madhura-rasa signifies the sweet taste, engaging with the body in a soothing manner. Dhanvayasa's properties of Madhura-rasa indicate its digestive benefits, balancing out harsher tastes and enhancing overall well-being.
46) Duralabhadi:
Duralabhadi refers to formulations that incorporate Duranlabha, another name for Dhanvayasa. These formulations exemplify the integration of this plant into Ayurvedic practices, enhancing its therapeutic efficacy and highlighting its significance in traditional remedies.
47) Gujarati:
Gujarati refers to the language and culture of the people from the state of Gujarat, India. The local understanding and application of medicinal plants like Dhanvayasa reflect the interplay of culture, language, and tradition in Ayurveda.
48) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiated describes a state where doshas are imbalanced, leading to health conditions. Understanding how Dhanvayasa can address vitiated states exemplifies its role as a therapeutic agent in restoring balance and promoting health.
49) Samhita:
Samhita refers to foundational texts of Ayurveda that encompass knowledge regarding medicine and treatments. These texts catalog various herbs like Dhanvayasa, guiding practitioners on their historical uses and therapeutic significance.
50) Kaphaja:
Kaphaja indicates conditions influenced by an imbalance in Kapha dosha, often characterized by excess moisture and heaviness. Dhanvayasa’s Kaphaja therapeutic properties play a crucial role in managing such conditions effectively.
51) Bengali:
Bengali refers to the language spoken in the Bengal region, encompassing cultural practices of the people, including medicinal traditions. The recognition of Dhanvayasa, known as Duralabha in Bengali, underscores the cross-cultural relevance of Ayurvedic plants.
52) Kshara (Ksara):
Kshara represents alkaline substances derived from medicinal plants or minerals used in Ayurveda for their therapeutic properties. The preparation of Sarjika Kshara from Dhanvayasa illustrates Ayurvedic practitioners' expertise in utilizing plant components for health benefits.
53) Yavasa (Yavasha):
Yavasa represents a different herbal species in Ayurveda, but it is often confused with Dhanvayasa due to similar uses and indications. This confusion highlights the importance of precise identification in herbal medicine to ensure appropriate therapeutic applications.
54) Vipaka:
Vipaka refers to the post-digestive effect of food or herbs in Ayurveda, categorizing them as Sour, Sweet, or Pungent based on their long-term health impacts. The Madhura Vipaka of Dhanvayasa connects to its soothing attributes and digestive benefits.
55) Family:
Family indicates the botanical classification of plants. Dhanvayasa belongs to the Zygophyllaceae family, which is significant for understanding its morphological characteristics, ecological relevance, and therapeutic potentials within Ayurveda and modern herbal studies.
56) Pitta:
Pitta represents one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, associated with heat, metabolism, and transformation. Dhanvayasa’s properties that balance Pitta disorders highlight its importance in managing conditions characterized by excess heat and inflammation.
57) Kapha:
Kapha, another dosha in Ayurvedic medicine, represents stability, structure, and bodily fluids. The usefulness of Dhanvayasa in addressing Kapha-related issues emphasizes its versatile therapeutic applications across various bodily imbalances.
58) Karma (Karman):
Karma in Ayurveda refers to the actions or effects produced by substances and their consequences on the body. Dhanvayasa's identified karmas underscore how its properties can influence health outcomes in nuanced ways.
59) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna signifies the hot or heating quality of a substance in Ayurveda. Dhanvayasa's Ushna properties are relevant in treating cold conditions, further demonstrating the balanced approach of Ayurveda towards health and therapeutic interventions.
60) Priya:
Priya means dear or beloved, often used in Ayurvedic texts to categorize important substances or remedies. Dhanvayasa's familiarity and historical use in Ayurvedic practices establish its esteemed status within traditional medicine communities.
61) Arshas (Arsa, Arsas, Arsha):
Arsha refers to hemorrhoids in Ayurvedic terminology. Herbal treatments, including those utilizing Dhanvayasa, target Arsha by addressing underlying dosha imbalances, demonstrating the plant's effectiveness in managing potentially painful and debilitating conditions.
62) Katu:
Katu signifies a pungent taste, which can have stimulating effects on digestion. Dhanvayasa's incorporation of Katu Rasa illustrates its multifaceted role in affecting the body’s balance and therapeutic efficacy.
63) Vati:
Vati refers to a specific Ayurvedic formulation or tablet made from powdered herbs. Understanding Dhanvayasa's inclusion in Vati helps elucidate the various applications and effectiveness of plant medicines in traditional Ayurvedic practice.
64) Mada:
Mada refers to intoxication or delirium, often linked to imbalances in the body's humors. The application of Dhanvayasa in addressing Mada reinforces the importance of herbal remedies in restoring mental clarity and equilibrium.
65) Dhanvantarinighantu (Dhanvantari-nighantu):
Dhanvantari-nighantu is a specifically named text in Ayurveda associated with Dhanvantari, the physician of gods. It is a key source of information concerning medicinal plants and their uses, enhancing the legitimacy and historical relevance of Dhanvayasa.
66) Controversy:
Controversy pertains to the existing debates or misunderstandings in the classification or usage of herbs like Dhanvayasa and Yavasa. Recognizing and resolving such controversies is crucial for accurate identification and effective application of herbal medicines.
67) Vatapitta (Vata-pitta):
Vata-pitta describes a combined dosha state indicative of certain health challenges. Dhanvayasa’s efficacy in treating conditions arising from Vata-pitta imbalances emphasizes its significance in holistic Ayurvedic approaches to health restoration.
68) Discussion:
Discussion involves analytical deliberations regarding findings and insights gathered from studies like those on Dhanvayasa. Engaging in discussions allows for deeper exploration into the implications of herbal research on contemporary medicine and its potential applications.
69) Substance:
Substance in general refers to any material or compound used in therapeutic applications. The classification of Dhanvayasa as a substance underlines its application in Ayurvedic practices and the need to study its benefits in depth.
70) Ratnakara (Ratna-akara, Ratna-kara):
Ratnakara refers to a compendium-like text in Ayurveda that is vital for understanding various medicinal plants and formulations. Its categorization of Dhanvayasa enhances its profile and aids practitioners in utilizing herbs for therapeutic purposes.
71) Katurasa (Katu-rasa):
Katu-rasa refers to the pungent taste indicative of certain therapeutic properties that stimulate digestion. Dhanvayasa’s categorization involving Katu-rasa emphasizes its significance in promoting digestive health and activating metabolic processes.
72) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine that emphasizes balance in bodily systems using natural substances. The study of Dhanvayasa falls under Ayurveda's extensive practices, underscoring the rich tradition and holistic approaches employed in health management.
73) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness. The exploration of Dhanvayasa highlights the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with modern medical practices to improve health outcomes.
74) Mineral:
Mineral specifically refers to inorganic substances known for their healing properties in Ayurveda. The interplay of minerals and plant-based therapies demonstrates the holistic approach of Ayurveda, where Dhanvayasa might also be considered among such elements.
75) Quality:
Quality pertains to the attributes or characteristics that define the efficacy of medicinal plants. Dhanvayasa is examined for its therapeutic quality, allowing practitioners to assess its appropriate applications in health management.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 83]
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