Synthesis of 4-(3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)oxy)aryl benzoate derivatives
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Synthesis of 4-(3-((4-hydroxybenzyl)oxy)3-oxoprop-1-en- 1-yl)phenyl-4-n- alkoxy benzoate
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Mukesh L. Chauhan and Jignesh M. Patel
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Synthesis of 4-(3-((4-hydroxybenzyl)oxy)3-oxoprop-1-en- 1-yl)phenyl-4-n- alkoxy benzoate
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201811-12397
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
This article presents the synthesis and characterization of a novel homologous series consisting of liquid crystals characterized by the molecular structure of 4-(3-((4-hydroxybenzyl)oxy)3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)phenyl-4-n-alkoxy benzoate. The study focuses on exploring the relationship between the molecular structures and their liquid crystalline properties. Eleven members were synthesized, with the aim of investigating their thermal stability, transition temperatures, and mesogenic behaviors. Particularly, the compounds were analyzed through various techniques, including optical polarizing microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, to confirm their structures and properties.
Structure-Property Relationship
One of the critical findings of this study is the significant relationship between molecular rigidity, flexibility, and liquid crystalline properties. The structural design included three phenyl rings bridged by −COO− and −CH=CH−CO− groups, and terminal groups of −OR and −OH. It was concluded that a delicate balance of molecular rigidity and flexibility is essential to induce nematic character in the substances. The study demonstrated that non-mesomorphic compounds generally had shorter alkyl chains (methyl to pentyl) due to their strong intermolecular attractions. In contrast, the hexyl to hexadecyl derivatives exhibited nematic liquid crystal behavior, confirming that increasing alkyl chain length leads to decreased crystallinity and enhanced mesogenic character.
Transition Temperature Observations
The synthesized homologous series presented varied transition temperatures as a function of alkyl chain length, showing that the transition temperatures ranged from around 140°C to 175°C. The compounds behaved enantiotropically, and the study observed the absence of smectic properties. A notable observation was the zigzag manner in which the nematic-isotropic transition curve behaved when plotted against the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chains, indicating a complex interplay of molecular interactions that governs the stability of the liquid crystalline phases.
Thermal Stability Analysis
The research detailed the thermal stability of the novel liquid crystal substances, noting the variation in nematic-isotropic thermal stability among the different homologues. The absence of smectogenic character was attributed to insufficient inter-molecular lamellar packing. The study emphasized that the thermal behavior and overall stability demonstrated by the homologous series were predominantly influenced by molecular rigidity, as significantly higher thermal stabilities were noted in the compounds with longer alkyl chains, suggesting a direct correlation between the length of the alkyl chain and the thermal behavior of the liquid crystals.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this research presents a thorough investigation of a novel series of liquid crystals with an extensive analysis of their molecular structures and properties. The study highlights the critical role of molecular design in determining thermal stability and mesomorphic behavior. The absence of smectic properties and the presence of a pronounced nematic phase in the prepared derivatives suggest promising applications in liquid crystal technology. Additionally, the findings underscore the importance of molecular flexibility and rigidity in influencing liquid crystal behavior, providing a basis for future studies in the realm of liquid crystal materials and their potential applications in various fields.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main focus of this research article?
The article focuses on synthesizing and characterizing a novel homologous series of liquid crystals, examining their molecular structure and liquid crystal properties, particularly the relationship between molecular flexibility, rigidity, and mesomorphic behaviors.
What types of liquid crystalline properties were studied?
The study investigates thermotropic liquid crystalline properties, specifically nematic and smectic phases, with the series showing entirely nematogenic characteristics but lacking smectogenic properties across the majority of its members.
How were the novel compounds synthesized?
The synthesis involved alkylating 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and reacting p-hydroxy cinnamic acid with p-hydroxy phenyl ethanol, using DCC and DMAP as catalysts until stable transition temperatures were reached.
What characterizes the transition temperatures of the homologous series?
The transition temperatures vary significantly, showing that methyl to pentyl homologues are nonmesomorphic, while hexyl to hexadecyl derivatives exhibit enantiotropic nematic properties with varying thermal stability.
What trends were observed regarding the alkyl chain length?
As the alkyl chain length increases from methyl to hexadecyl, the crystalline character diminishes, resulting in increased amorphous qualities and greater potential for nematic phase stability.
What implications does this research have for future studies?
The findings suggest that the synthesized ester compounds may have potential applications in binary systems and agricultural fields, highlighting the importance of molecular structure in inducing mesomorphic behavior.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Synthesis of 4-(3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)oxy)aryl benzoate derivatives”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Chauhan:
Chauhan refers to the lead author, Mukesh L. Chauhan, in the study, highlighting his role in conducting the research and providing insights into the synthesis and properties of the novel liquid crystal series discussed in the article, underlining the importance of individual contributions in scientific research.
2) Table:
The term 'Table' refers to the structured presentation of data in the article, particularly concerning physical constants and transition temperatures of homologous compounds. It serves as a clear method of organizing and comparing data, which is vital for readers to understand the results of the research.
3) Science (Scientific):
Science denotes the systematic study of structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation. In this context, it underlines the empirical research methods employed by the authors to synthesize liquid crystals and analyze their properties, reinforcing the foundation of scientific inquiry.
4) Substance:
Substances, in the context of this research, denote the synthesized homologous series of compounds. Each substance's properties are examined to understand better their potential applications and characteristics, informing the field of material science and enhancing our knowledge of chemical behaviors and functionalities.
5) India:
India serves as the geographical backdrop for the research institutions involved in the study. The presence of diverse educational and research facilities in India underscores the country's growing contributions to scientific advancement, particularly in fields such as chemistry and materials science.
6) Gujarat:
Gujarat is significant as the location of Sheth P. T. Arts and Science College, where the lead author is affiliated. This highlights the regional contribution to academic research in India, particularly in chemistry, as institutions in Gujarat engage in advanced chemical research.
7) Patel:
Patel refers to Jignesh M. Patel, co-author of the study, signifying collaborative efforts in academic research. Such collaborations are crucial, as they bring together diverse expertise and perspectives, enriching the scientific investigation and supporting the advancement of knowledge in liquid crystal studies.
8) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the comprehensive investigation carried out by the authors into the synthesis and properties of novel liquid crystal compounds. It reflects the overall aim of the research to enhance understanding of liquid crystalline behaviors and their molecular structures, thus contributing to the academic literature.
9) Arrangement:
Arrangement pertains to the organizational structure of molecules within liquid crystals, integral to their properties. The specific arrangement affects how the materials respond to temperature and external stimuli, influencing their applicability in technology and material science, thus feeding into advances in liquid crystal displays.
10) Saurashtra (Saurastra):
Saurastra refers to Saurastra University in Rajkot, Gujarat, where analytical and spectral services were acknowledged by the authors. This institution's involvement highlights the importance of academic collaborations and resources in advancing research quality and facilitating comprehensive analyses in scientific studies.
11) Rajasthan:
Rajasthan is mentioned as the home of Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, showcasing the regional contributions to educational advancements in India. This underscores the diverse and vibrant research landscape across different states, fostering innovation and collaboration in scientific research.
12) Education:
Education signifies the foundational role of academic institutions in producing research that advances scientific knowledge. The collaboration between multiple educational entities indicates the importance of educational infrastructure in facilitating experimental research and promoting scientific inquiry within the field of chemistry.
13) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transform relates to the changes that substances undergo during heating or cooling in the context of the research. Such transformative behaviors are critical in identifying the thermal and optical characteristics of liquid crystals, which play a vital role in their applications in various technologies.
14) Udaipur (Udaypur):
Udaipur is notable for hosting the Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, highlighting regional contributions to higher education in India. Its reputation for fostering research activities indicates the importance of diverse educational settings in promoting scientific exploration.
15) Surface:
Surface refers to the molecular arrangement and interaction between molecules at the interface within the liquid crystalline state. Understanding surface characteristics is essential for determining the properties of liquid crystals and predicting their behavior in applications like displays and sensors.
16) Field:
Field denotes the broader area of study, specifically material science and liquid crystal research. This highlights ongoing explorations and innovations in various applications, pushing the frontiers of knowledge in chemistry and engineering disciplines, ultimately impacting various technological advancements.
17) Doshin (Doshi, Dosi, Dosin):
Doshi refers to Dr. A. V. Doshi, acknowledged in the article for his contributions to the research. Recognizing individual contributions emphasizes the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry, showcasing how mentorship and guidance play crucial roles in advancing research objectives.
18) Hand:
Hand represents the assistance and collaborative efforts required in research, as mentioned in the acknowledgment sections. This indicates the teamwork involved in scientific studies, emphasizing that contributions are often collective, aiding in the success and rigor of academic projects.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Synthesis of 4-(3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)oxy)aryl benzoate derivatives’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Analytical data, Temperature range, Elemental analysis, Thermal stability, Molecular structure.