Study of physico- chemical properties of different industrial contaminated soil
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Study of physico- chemical properties of different industrial contaminated soil
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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S. Kowsalya and Dr. S. Uma Maheswari
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Study of physico- chemical properties of different industrial contaminated soil
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201811-12435
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study investigates the physico-chemical properties of soil contaminated by industrial effluents, specifically from tanneries and dyeing units in the Erode District of India. As industrialization and urbanization progress, the environment is increasingly jeopardized by pollution from various sources. This research highlights the significant impact of untreated effluents from local industrial operations, which threatens both soil and groundwater quality and consequently poses a risk to human health and the ecosystem.
Impact of Tannery Effluent on Soil Quality
The examination of soil samples revealed alarming alterations in the physico-chemical parameters due to tannery effluents. The pH levels in contaminated soil were notably alkaline, with Agragaram showing a peak pH of 9.2. Additionally, electrical conductivity measurements, ranging from 0.79 to 2.15 mm/hos/cm, indicate a high concentration of dissolved solids, attributable to untreated tannery discharges. Results suggest that the nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium levels in the soil samples exceeded permissible limits, presenting a troubling picture of ecological disruption in the region.
Heavy Metal Contamination
Heavy metals, primarily chromium, copper, and cadmium, detected in soil samples, underscore the environmental hazards posed by industrial activities. In particular, chromium levels reached as high as 25.20 ppm in Agragaram's tannery soil, exceeding safety thresholds and posing mutagenic and carcinogenic risks to humans and wildlife. The study highlights serious concerns regarding the bioaccumulation of these heavy metals through agricultural practices. Continuous use of contaminated soil for farming could lead to severe health consequences for consumers of crops grown in such environments.
Phosphate and Nutrient Analysis
In addition to heavy metals, the study analyzed other essential soil nutrients, revealing infiltration of phosphorus and potassium beyond normal limits. For instance, phosphate levels ranged from 0.8 to 0.98 mg/kg, surpassing the acceptable standard of 0.7 mg/kg, and potassium levels were also significantly higher than the permissible value of 33 mg/kg. These imbalances not only compromise soil fertility but also disrupt the ecological balance necessary for sustainable agricultural practices.
Conclusion
The findings from this study emphasize the urgent need for effective effluent treatment methods to mitigate the environmental hazards associated with industrial waste discharge in Erode District. The elevated levels of pollutants, including heavy metals and nutrient influx, expose both the immediate and long-term risks to public health and the local ecosystem. A concerted effort toward improving waste management practices is essential to safeguard the environment and ensure sustainable agricultural productivity in affected areas.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main focus of the study?
The study investigates the physico-chemical properties of soil contaminated with tannery and dyeing effluents in Erode District to understand their environmental impact and need for better treatment methods.
What were the sites of soil sample collection?
Soil samples were collected from Agragaram, Semur, Suriyampalayam for tannery effluents and Chittode, Gangapurum, Ingur for dyeing effluents within Erode District.
What were the pH levels of contaminated soils?
The pH levels ranged from 7.8 to 9.4, with Agragaram having the highest pH of 9.2 for tannery effluent and Ingur at 8.9 for dyeing effluent.
Which heavy metal was found in the highest concentration?
Chromium was found in the highest concentration, with 25.20 ppm in Agragaram's tannery soil, posing significant environmental and health risks.
What are the health risks associated with heavy metals?
Heavy metals like chromium pose a risk of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, potentially leading to serious health issues in humans and affecting the ecosystem.
What measures are suggested for reducing contamination?
The study emphasizes the urgent need for proper effluent treatment methods to minimize environmental hazards and protect soil and water quality.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Study of physico- chemical properties of different industrial contaminated soil”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Soil:
Soil is a critical natural resource and the foundation for agriculture and ecosystems. It serves as a medium for plant growth, filter for water, and habitat for many organisms. The study highlights soil contamination due to industrial activities, underscoring the need for environmental sustainability and effective waste management practices to protect soil health.
2) Study (Studying):
The study represents systematic research aimed at understanding the physico-chemical properties of contaminated soils, specifically from tannery and dyeing industries. It emphasizes the adverse effects of industrial pollutants on soil quality, advocating for proper effluent treatment and environmental conservation efforts to mitigate pollution and ensure the safety of agricultural land.
3) Agriculture:
Agriculture is a vital economic sector, particularly in India, where it provides livelihood to millions. The study of contaminated soil serves as a reminder of agriculture's sensitivity to environmental conditions and the necessity of maintaining soil quality to ensure food security and sustainable farming practices in the face of pollution.
4) Zoology:
Zoology, the scientific study of animals, is closely linked to the ecosystem where soil health plays a crucial role. The research conducted by the authors in the field of zoology includes understanding how contaminated soil can impact biodiversity and the overall health of ecosystems, directly affecting animal populations and their habitats.
5) Science (Scientific):
Science is the backbone of research initiatives like this one, providing methodologies and analytical techniques for understanding environmental issues. The study employs scientific principles to gather data on soil properties and contaminants, ultimately contributing to our knowledge of environmental science and its application in stewardship and conservation.
6) Water:
Water quality and availability are deeply interconnected with soil health. Contaminated soils may leach harmful substances into water bodies, impacting drinking water sources and aquatic habitats. The study’s focus on soil contamination is pivotal in understanding its implications for water safety and the overall health of ecosystems reliant on clean waterways.
7) Human body:
The human body can be adversely affected by toxins entering through consumption of contaminated agricultural produce or polluted water. This study alerts public health concerns regarding heavy metals and organic pollutants, emphasizing the necessity of ensuring that agricultural practices and waste management strategies prioritize human health and safety.
8) Unconscious:
The term 'unconscious' refers to actions carried out without awareness or consideration of consequences. The environment suffers due to unconscious industrial practices that neglect pollution control. This study points to the urgent need for greater consciousness in industry operations regarding environmental impacts, urging better practices to protect ecosystems and communities.
9) Discussion:
Discussion is a crucial aspect of scientific research where findings are interpreted and contextualized. In this study, results about soil contamination are discussed in relation to environmental impacts and public health, facilitating knowledge sharing and guiding future research and policy-making toward mitigating environmental hazards.
10) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulate refers to the buildup of substances, such as heavy metals, in the soil over time. The study reveals how untreated industrial effluents can lead to the accumulation of harmful pollutants, which poses health risks to crops, animals, and humans, necessitating immediate remedial measures to reduce pollution.
11) Quality:
Quality, in the context of this study, pertains to the health and viability of soil and water systems. The researchers assess the quality of contaminated soils through various physico-chemical parameters, emphasizing the need for maintaining high standards to support agriculture, biodiversity, and overall environmental health.
12) Animal:
The term 'animal' refers to organisms that rely on healthy soil and ecosystems for survival. This study underlines how contamination impacts organisms that inhabit or depend on agricultural lands, highlighting the interdependence of ecological health and the quality of natural resources critical for sustaining animal populations.
13) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is likely referenced in the study to acknowledge prior research on industrial pollution and its effects on water and soil quality. By citing previous work, the study builds upon existing knowledge, validating findings through cross-references to established research and integrating broader scientific discourse.
14) Nature:
Nature encompasses the biological and physical elements of the environment. This study emphasizes the relationship between industrial pollution and natural ecosystems, stressing the importance of protecting natural resources against contamination to sustain healthy ecosystems, agriculture, and overall planetary health.
15) Gupta:
Gupta is mentioned in the study to reference previous research findings on soil and water contamination, linking the current study to established scientific literature. This citation underscores the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry, showing how accumulated knowledge guides ongoing research in environmental science.
16) India:
India is the geographical context of the study, where rapid industrialization brings challenges such as environmental pollution. The research underscores the significance of addressing contamination in Indian agricultural lands, advocating for better waste management practices to ensure sustainable agricultural practices and public health in a densely populated nation.
17) Trade:
Trade refers to the industrial activities that generate pollutants affecting soil and water quality. This study indicates the trade-offs between industrial development and environmental health, advocating for cleaner production methods and responsible trade practices that prioritize ecological sustainability over short-term economic gains.
18) Table:
The table presented in the study summarizes the analysis of physico-chemical parameters, providing a clear and concise overview of the data collected. Tables are essential in research for organizing and presenting information systematically, allowing readers to quickly grasp key findings and compare values against permissible limits.
19) Crop:
Similar to 'crops,' the term 'crop' refers to cultivated plants that are essential for human food supply. The study reflects on the implications of contaminated soil on crop safety, emphasizing the need for remediation efforts to ensure that agricultural produce remains safe for consumption by humans and livestock.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Study of physico- chemical properties of different industrial contaminated soil’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Environmental pollution, Chemical analysis, Physico-chemical properties, Heavy metal, Health hazard.