Phytochemical analysis and anthelmintic activity of Leucaena leaves.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Phytochemical analysis & anthelmintic activity of leaves of leucaena leucocephala
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Vivek Kumar Raman, Ankush Rana and Amit Sharma
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Phytochemical analysis & anthelmintic activity of leaves of leucaena leucocephala
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201811-12411
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Helminthic infections, caused by parasitic worms, are widespread and pose significant public health challenges, particularly in developing countries. The use of traditional herbal remedies for health care is gaining traction worldwide as a viable alternative to synthetic drugs. This study investigates the phytochemical constituents and the anthelmintic activity of the leaves of Leucaena leucocephala, commonly known as Subabul, against the Indian earthworm Pheritima postuma. The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various extracts of the plant in paralyzing and killing these worms.
Phytochemical Properties of Leucaena leucocephala
The leaves of Leucaena leucocephala contain several bioactive compounds that have shown medicinal potential. The phytochemical analysis identified the presence of various constituents including squalene, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins. These phytochemicals are attributed to the plant's noted health benefits, including antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The study provides evidence that these constituents may contribute to the plant's anthelmintic effects, highlighting the importance of further exploration into their individual roles in combating parasitic infections.
Anthelmintic Activity of Different Extracts
In evaluating the anthelmintic properties, the research tested multiple extracts of Leucaena leucocephala, specifically chloroform, methanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether extracts. The petroleum ether extract demonstrated the most promising results in terms of both paralysis and mortality of the earthworms, outperforming the standard drug, Tinidazole. The study detailed the effects of various concentrations (10 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, and 50 mg/ml) on the time taken for paralysis and death of the worms, indicating that higher concentrations led to quicker responses. This finding supports the potential application of Leucaena leucocephala as a natural anthelmintic.
Comparisons with Standard Anthelmintic Drug
The study provided a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of Leucaena leucocephala extracts against the established anti-worm drug Tinidazole. The results indicated that extracts from the plant, particularly the petroleum ether extract, could effectively rival or exceed the performance of synthetic counterparts in inducing paralysis and death in worms at certain concentrations. This suggests that Leucaena leucocephala may serve as a potent alternative or complementary option for treating helminthic infections, especially where resistance to synthetic drugs is of concern.
Conclusion
The findings from this study showcase the significance of Leucaena leucocephala as a potential source for developing effective anthelmintic agents. The demonstrated in vitro anti-worm activity, particularly that of the petroleum ether extract, underlines its promise as a natural remedy for intestinal parasitic infections. However, further research is necessary to isolate and characterize the specific bioactive compounds responsible for this activity, as well as to investigate their safety and efficacy in vivo. This exploration could pave the way for new and accessible treatments for helminthic infections in both humans and animals.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the aim of the study on Leucaena leucocephala?
The study aims to evaluate the phytochemical analysis and anthelmintic activity of various extracts from the leaves of Leucaena leucocephala against earthworms, specifically Pheritima postuma.
What are the main findings related to anthelmintic activity?
The petroleum ether extract showed significantly better anthelmintic activity compared to other extracts and the standard drug, Tinidazole, demonstrating its potential against parasitic infections.
How were the plant extracts prepared for testing?
The leaves of Leucaena leucocephala were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus with solvents like chloroform, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether. They were then concentrated and stored for testing.
What methods were used to analyze the phytochemicals?
The study employed various tests, including Mayer’s test, Ferric chloride test, and Salkowski reaction, to identify the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and other phytochemicals in the extracts.
What was the role of Pheritima postuma in this research?
Pheritima postuma, an Indian earthworm, was used as a model organism for testing anthelmintic activity because of its anatomical and physiological similarities to the intestinal roundworm parasites found in humans.
What further research is suggested after this study?
Further studies should aim to isolate the active compounds, evaluate their mechanisms of action, and assess their toxicity as well as efficacy in vivo for both humans and animals.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Phytochemical analysis and anthelmintic activity of Leucaena leaves.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity refers to the functions or actions of a substance or organism. In this context, it specifically pertains to the anthelmintic activity, which is the ability of the extracts from Leucaena leucocephala to paralyze or kill earthworms, serving as a proxy for their potential effectiveness against parasitic worms in humans and animals.
2) Worm:
Worms are often used in parasitology studies to examine the effects of treatments like anthelmintics. In this research, the Indian earthworm Pheritima postuma is utilized due to its anatomical and physiological similarities with human intestinal roundworms, thereby facilitating the evaluation of potential anthelmintic agents.
3) Drug:
A drug is a chemical substance used to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose a disease. In this study, the reference to Tinidazole as a standard drug is significant, as it serves as a comparative baseline against which the anthelmintic properties of Leucaena leucocephala extracts are measured.
4) Water:
Water is essential in biological studies for its role as a solvent and medium for chemical reactions. In the context of the experiment, distilled water is used to prepare solutions of plant extracts and serve as a solvent for conducting treatments on worms, underscoring its importance in the experimental design.
5) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds produced by plants, many of which have medicinal properties. This study investigates the phytochemical constituents of Leucaena leucocephala leaves, which are believed to contribute to the anti-worm activity, indicating the possible therapeutic applications of this plant in traditional medicine.
6) Death:
Death refers to the cessation of life processes in an organism. In the context of this research, it signifies the time taken for worms to die after exposure to the extracts from Leucaena leucocephala, serving as a crucial endpoint for evaluating the efficacy of these plant-based treatments.
7) Sugar:
Sugar, specifically in the context of this study, typically refers to simple carbohydrates that can be tested for their presence in plant extracts. The research entails assessing the phytochemical profile of Leucaena leucocephala, wherein sugars may contribute to the overall health benefits of the plant, aiding in its nutritional value.
8) Study (Studying):
A study is a systematic investigation aimed at discovering or interpreting facts. This research focuses on the anthelmintic activity and phytochemical analysis of Leucaena leucocephala extracts, contributing to the knowledge base in pharmacognosy and offering potential alternatives to synthetic antiparasitic medications.
9) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of plant secondary metabolites known for their antioxidant properties and potential health benefits. In this study, the presence of flavonoids in the leaf extracts of Leucaena leucocephala could be linked to the observed anthelmintic activity, suggesting a basis for their therapeutic effects.
10) Colar (Colan):
Solan refers to a district in Himachal Pradesh, India, where the study's plant material was collected. This geographical context is essential, as it provides information about the natural habitat and potential environmental factors that may influence the phytochemical composition and health benefits of Leucaena leucocephala.
11) Table:
A table is a structured arrangement of data. In the context of this research, tables present experimental results and findings in an organized format, making it easier to compare the effects of different plant extracts on earthworm paralysis and mortality, thus supporting the study's conclusions.
12) India:
India is a country rich in biodiversity, particularly in medicinal plants and traditional medicines. The significance of this study arises from India's extensive use of herbal remedies, such as Leucaena leucocephala, providing insights into local ethnobotany and the potential for developing new anthelmintic agents.
13) Observation:
Observation is a methodical approach to gathering data or information about phenomena. In this study, observations are made regarding the effects of various Leucaena leucocephala extracts on earthworms, providing critical insights into the efficacy of these extracts and supporting the overall conclusions of the research.
14) Medicine:
Medicines are substances used for treatment, prevention, or diagnosis of diseases. This study emphasizes the importance of exploring herbal medicines, such as those derived from Leucaena leucocephala, in reducing reliance on synthetic pharmaceuticals, reflecting a growing interest in alternative healthcare solutions.
15) Animal:
Animals, as part of the biosphere, play critical roles in ecosystems. The research into the anthelmintic properties of Leucaena leucocephala indirectly addresses public health concerns related to animal health, highlighting the significance of effective treatments against parasitic infections across various animal species.
16) Earth:
Earth may refer to the planet we live on, but within this study, it pertains to the use of earthworms in laboratory experiments. The Indian earthworm Pheritima postuma serves as a model organism, highlighting the relevance of soil-dwelling species in studying parasitic infections and drug efficacy.
17) Discussion:
Discussion is a section within scientific papers where findings are interpreted and contextualized. In this study, the discussion elaborates on the implications of the results obtained from testing Leucaena leucocephala extracts, comparing them to existing literature and suggesting avenues for future research in anthelmintic discovery.
18) Species:
Species refers to a group of organisms capable of interbreeding. In this research, the focus on specific species, such as Leucaena leucocephala and Pheritima postuma, is significant for understanding biodiversity and evaluating the ecological and medicinal potential of various organisms within their natural habitats.
19) Indian:
Indian pertains to aspects related to India, including its flora and traditional practices. This study of Leucaena leucocephala extracts highlights the ethnopharmacological significance of native plants and their traditional use in Indian medicine, contributing to the field of pharmacognosy and herbal medicinal research.
20) Kumar:
Kumar is a common Indian surname and refers here to one of the authors of the study. The inclusion of author names provides credibility to the research paper, allowing readers to reference and validate the contributions made by individuals in the field of pharmaceutical sciences.
21) Tree:
A tree is a perennial plant characterized by a trunk and branches. In this study, Leucaena leucocephala is identified as an important tree species with medicinal properties, showcasing the role of arboreal biodiversity in providing potentially therapeutic resources for human and animal health.
22) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to substances that inhibit bacterial growth. Although this study primarily focuses on anthelmintic properties, the mention of antibacterial activity highlights the multifunctional benefits of Leucaena leucocephala extracts, underscoring the potential for broader therapeutic applications derived from the same plant.
23) Malnutrition:
Malnutrition refers to the deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a person's intake of nutrients. Helminthic infections can contribute to malnutrition, particularly in developing regions; hence, studying effective treatments like Leucaena leucocephala extracts is crucial for public health and nutritional improvement strategies.
24) Agriculture:
Agriculture is the practice of cultivating soil, growing crops, and raising animals. The study's background includes references to agricultural practices in Solan, emphasizing the interconnection between medicinal plants and agriculture, where local flora can provide sustainable solutions for pest control and disease management in crops.
25) Developing:
Developing refers to countries with emerging economies that often face public health challenges, including parasitic infections. This research is particularly relevant in that context, as it seeks to explore local and sustainable plant-based solutions to combat helminthic diseases prevalent in the developing world.
26) Container:
A container is an object that holds or stores substances. In the context of this research, containers are used to store plant extracts and worms during testing, illustrating the logistical aspects of conducting experiments and ensuring proper handling of biological samples.
27) Pesticide:
Pesticides are chemicals used to kill or control pests that threaten crops or livestock. The study touches on the potential of Leucaena leucocephala as a natural alternative to synthetic pesticides and anthelmintics, promoting an integrated approach to pest management and reducing chemical reliance in agriculture.
28) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can cause adverse effects on living organisms. Investigating the toxicity of Leucaena leucocephala extracts is crucial for assessing their safety and efficacy as potential anthelmintic agents, ensuring they do not pose risks to humans or animals.
29) Tamarind:
Tamarind refers to a tropical fruit and also highlights the common name for Leucaena leucocephala, associated with its usage in traditional medicine. This connection reflects the cultural significance of the plant and its potential applications in dietary and medicinal practices within various communities.
30) Family:
Family, in a biological context, groups organisms sharing common characteristics. Leucaena leucocephala belongs to the Fabaceae family, which is important for understanding its ecological interactions and potential uses within agriculture and medicine, invoking interest for researchers focused on plant-based therapies.
31) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is a common surname in India, which appears in the research paper as one of the authors. The acknowledgment of contributors provides accountability and facilitates further inquiries into the authors' collective expertise and contributions to pharmaceutical and scientific research.
32) Timber:
Timber refers to wood that has been processed for use in construction or manufacturing. The inclusion of timber highlights the economic and ecological value of Leucaena leucocephala, showcasing its multifunctional benefits beyond medicinal use, including its role in sustainable development.
33) Manure:
Manure is organic matter used as fertilizer to enrich soil fertility. The study points to the ecological advantages of Leucaena leucocephala, indicating its value not only for medicinal properties but also for agricultural productivity, promoting sustainable agricultural practices through natural fertilization methods.
34) Field:
A field in this context refers to an area of study or a physical space in which experiments are conducted. The reference to fields emphasizes the practicality and application of research findings in real-world settings, particularly within agriculture and plant-based medicine.
35) Rana:
Rana is another common surname in India representing one of the authors of the study. Including co-authors in research provides diversity in expertise and perspectives, allowing readers to appreciate the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry and the breadth of research undertaken.
36) Food:
Food refers to any substance consumed to provide nutritional support. The discussion of Leucaena leucocephala highlights its potential as a food source as well as a medicinal plant, reflecting an integrative approach to health that emphasizes nutrition and wellness through natural means.
37) Soil:
Soil is a natural resource that supports plant growth and holds ecological significance. The mention of soil in this study is important because it not only provides the habitat for the earthworms used in the experiments but also underlines the environmental basis for cultivating medicinal plants like Leucaena leucocephala.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Phytochemical analysis and anthelmintic activity of Leucaena leaves.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Medicinal plant, Herbal remedies, Traditional medicine, Control group, Phytochemical analysis, Anthelmintic activity, Alcoholic extract, Petroleum ether extract, Phytochemical properties, Active chemical constituents.