Synthesis of 4-hydroxybenzyl 4'-(4''-n-alkoxy benzoyloxy) benzoate
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Synthesis of 4-hydroxybenzyl 4'-(4''-n-alkoxy benzoyloxy) benzoate
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Mukesh L. Chauhan and Jignesh M. Patel
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Synthesis of 4-hydroxybenzyl 4'-(4''-n-alkoxy benzoyloxy) benzoate
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201811-12398
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The synthesis and analysis of a novel homologous series of mesogenic compounds, specifically 4-Hydroxybenzyl 4'-(4''-N-alkoxy benzoate), has garnered attention in the field of liquid crystal research. This study, led by Mukesh L. Chauhan and Jignesh M. Patel, aimed to explore the relationship between molecular structure and liquid crystal properties. Eleven homologues were synthesized, demonstrating a range of mesogenic behaviors as the carbon chain lengths increased from C6 to C16, marking the transition into the nematic phase. The research indicates significant findings regarding the thermal stability and molecular flexibility, contributing new insights into liquid crystal technologies.
Nematic Behavior and Thermal Stability
A notable finding of this study is the establishment of the nematic behavior of the synthesized compounds in the C6 to C16 range. These mesogenic homologues exhibited enantiotropic nematogenic characteristics but did not display smectic properties, with thermal stability being recorded at up to 195ºC. The transition temperatures were accurately determined through optical polarizing microscopy. It was observed that while the C1 to C5 members of the series remained nonmesogenic due to excessive crystallization tendency, the presence of a longer carbon chain allowed for the development of nematic phases. This highlights the importance of chain length in influencing mesogenic properties.
Observations on Transition Temperature Curves
The examination of transition temperature curves across the homologous series revealed complex behaviors, particularly in the nematic to isotropic (N-I) transitions. The N-I transition curve demonstrated an unusual pattern where it initially rose before dropping and then rising again in the case of the C16 homologue. The absence of the odd-even effect in these transitions indicated a disconnect between expected molecular interactions and actual outcomes, possibly due to the flexible alkyl chains' orientations not behaving predictably. This suggests a nuanced interplay between molecular structure and thermal behaviors in liquid crystalline compounds.
Comparative Mesogenic Properties
In comparison to structurally similar homologous series, the newly synthesized series showed distinct differences in mesogenic behavior. Parameters such as average thermal stability, mesophase commencement, and total mesophase length indicated that while both series were predominantly nematogenic, the novel series demonstrated a broader range of thermal stability and mesophase lengths. Such analysis emphasizes how subtle variations in molecular structure can significantly affect the mesogenic characteristics of liquid crystalline compounds, thereby providing insights applicable to further research in this domain.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the synthesis of the novel 4-Hydroxybenzyl 4'-(4''-N-alkoxy benzoate) series has expanded the understanding of mesogenic behaviors and the influence of molecular structure on liquid crystal properties. The findings underscore the significance of carbon chain length and molecular flexibility in determining thermal stability and mesophase characteristics. This research not only contributes valuable data to the field of liquid crystals but also opens avenues for further exploration of these compounds' practical applications in technology and agriculture. Overall, the study illustrates the delicate balance between molecular rigidity and flexibility in inducing desired mesomorphic properties.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What objectives does the study of liquid crystals aim to achieve?
The study aims to synthesize novel thermotropic mesomorphic substances to understand relationships between molecular structure and liquid crystal properties, aiding researchers in various fields.
What was the general finding regarding the synthesized homologous series?
The synthesized series, consisting of eleven members, demonstrated nematogenic behavior from C6 to C16, while the members C1 to C5 were nonmesogenic.
How were transition temperatures determined in the study?
Transition temperatures were determined using optical polarizing microscopy equipped with a heating stage, capturing the changes in mesogenic properties with temperature.
What are the observed phases of the synthesized compounds?
The compounds exhibited nematic phases without any smectic properties, indicating a specific type of mesomorphism characterized by high stability and certain transition behaviors.
What does the absence of odd-even effect indicate?
The absence of the odd-even effect in the N-I transition curve suggests a lack of mesophase-forming tendency for lower homologues, affecting their thermal stability and flexibility.
What practical applications do the novel ester compounds have?
The novel compounds may be beneficial in the study of binary systems and agricultural applications, particularly given their nematogenic properties.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Synthesis of 4-hydroxybenzyl 4'-(4''-n-alkoxy benzoyloxy) benzoate”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Chauhan:
Chauhan refers to the lead author of the research study, Dr. Mukesh L. Chauhan, whose contributions to the field of chemistry and liquid crystals are being highlighted. His work involves the synthesis of novel mesogenic compounds, which is significant for understanding the relationships between molecular structure and liquid crystal properties.
2) Substance:
The term 'substances' is used to describe multiple chemical compounds synthesized in the study. These substances, derived from alkoxy benzoates, are crucial for exploring their melting behaviors and mesomorphic characteristics, which can lead to advancements in liquid crystal applications in various industries.
3) Science (Scientific):
'Science' encompasses the systematic study of the natural world, particularly through empirical and measurable evidence. In the context of the study, it highlights the research conducted in chemistry, specifically focusing on the synthesis and exploration of new materials with liquid crystal properties.
4) Table:
The 'Table' is a formatted representation of data, specifically summarizing experimental results such as transition temperatures of different compounds. It aids in visualizing trends and comparing the properties of synthesized homologues, which is essential for analyzing the correlations between molecular structure and mesomorphic behavior.
5) Study (Studying):
'Study' refers to the systematic investigation conducted by the authors to explore the synthesis and characterization of novel liquid crystalline compounds. The research aims to deepen the understanding of how molecular structure influences the physical properties of these compounds, contributing to scientific knowledge.
6) Falling:
'Falling' describes the observed trend in transition temperature behavior for certain homologues in the phase diagrams. It indicates a decrease in temperatures for specific n-alkyl groups, which is crucial for understanding the stability and behavior of liquid crystalline phases during thermal transitions.
7) India:
'India' signifies the geographical context where the research was conducted, highlighting the key institutions involved. It emphasizes the contribution of Indian researchers to the field of chemistry and liquid crystals, facilitating the advancement of scientific research and innovation in material science.
8) Patel:
Patel refers to the co-author of the study, Jignesh M. Patel, who contributes to the research on the synthesis of liquid crystalline materials. His collaboration is significant for ensuring comprehensive exploration and validation of the mesogenic properties of the synthesized compounds.
9) Arrangement:
'Arrangement' describes the organization of molecules in specific phases, particularly in relation to their orientation and alignment. This concept is fundamental in liquid crystals as it affects their optical and physical properties, emphasizing the importance of molecular structure in achieving desired mesophases.
10) Discussion:
'Discussion' refers to the section where the authors analyze and interpret their findings. This section is critical for contextualizing results, drawing comparisons, and proposing explanations for observed behaviors, ultimately contributing to the overall understanding of liquid crystalline materials.
11) Gujarat:
'Gujarat' is the state in India where the lead author, Dr. Mukesh L. Chauhan, conducts his research. It highlights the regional scientific contributions to liquid crystal research and underlines the importance of local educational institutions in fostering academic inquiry and innovation.
12) Heating:
'Heating' is a crucial process in the experimental methodology, particularly for determining transition temperatures of the synthesized compounds. Controlled heating allows researchers to observe phase changes and derive thermal properties, which are vital for characterizing liquid crystalline behaviors.
13) Field:
'Field' refers to the specific area of study focused on in the research, namely liquid crystals and materials science. This designation highlights the specialized knowledge and investigations pursued by the authors, aiming to advance understanding and applications within this scientific domain.
14) Doshin (Dosin, Dosi, Doshi):
Doshi refers to Dr. A. V. Doshi, acknowledged for his valuable support in the research. His contributions, particularly in the methodological approaches and academic mentorship, are highlighted, showcasing the collaborative nature of scientific research and the importance of experienced guidance in academics.
15) Saurashtra (Saurastra):
'Saurastra' is a region in Gujarat, India, which is home to significant educational institutions. Its mention in the study underscores the role of local universities in providing necessary resources and research facilities, facilitating the development of knowledge in chemistry and material science.
16) Rajasthan:
'Rajasthan' is the state in India where one of the co-authors, Jignesh M. Patel, is affiliated. Including Rajasthan emphasizes the collaborative effort across regions in India to explore complex chemical compounds, fostering a broader scientific community engaged in liquid crystal research.
17) Education:
'Education' highlights the academic background and institutional support that enabled the authors to conduct their research. It signifies the importance of academic environments in promoting scientific inquiry, knowledge sharing, and contributing to advancements in various fields, including materials science.
18) Udaipur (Udaypur):
'Udaipur' is a city in Rajasthan, India, where one of the authors is based. The mention of Udaipur emphasizes the geographical diversity in the contribution of researchers in this study of liquid crystalline materials and underscores the importance of collaborative efforts in academic research.
19) Surface:
'Surface' relates to the interaction of liquid crystal molecules with their interfaces, which is essential in determining their physical properties. The surface characteristics influence molecular orientation and behaviors in mesophases, thereby impacting the potential applications of these liquid crystalline compounds.
20) Reason:
'Reason' indicates the underlying explanation for the observed behaviors in the study, especially regarding the molecular interactions and properties. Understanding reasons for specific outcomes helps elucidate fundamental principles of liquid crystals, enhancing the scientific discussion and conclusions drawn from the research.
21) Cloud:
In a similar context, 'cloud' represents the electron cloud around molecules. The interaction of these clouds is essential for understanding molecular dynamics, polarity, and how they affect the stability and formation of various liquid crystalline states in the synthesized compounds.
22) Hand:
'Hand' is likely used metaphorically in the context of acknowledgment, representing the support and collaboration among researchers and mentors. It highlights the team effort and collective knowledge-sharing that contribute to the successful outcomes of scientific investigations and research projects.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Synthesis of 4-hydroxybenzyl 4'-(4''-n-alkoxy benzoyloxy) benzoate’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents: