Antimicrobial and MIC of Ehretia laevis leaf extracts against microbes
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of ehretia laevis leaves extracts against different microorganisms
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Kshama Murarkar Ph.D, Diksha Bande and Anita Chandak Ph.D
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of ehretia laevis leaves extracts against different microorganisms
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201812-12608
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Ehretia laevis, a medicinal plant belonging to the Boraginaceous family, is known for its diverse therapeutic applications, particularly in traditional medicine throughout Asia, including nations such as China, Bhutan, India, and Vietnam. Commonly referred to as khandu chakka in Maharashtra, this plant has been traditionally employed for treating ailments like wounds, joint pain, and various infections. The objective of the study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial properties of acetone and isopropanol extracts from the dried leaves of E. laevis against pathogenic microorganisms, namely Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Antimicrobial Activity of E. laevis Extracts
The study highlighted the significant antimicrobial activity of E. laevis extracts against E. coli and S. aureus, as evidenced by the results obtained through the Kirby-Bauer well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined to ascertain the effective dosage of these extracts in inhibiting the growth of the tested bacteria. It was found that the isopropanol extract had a MIC of 1 ml against S. aureus and 2.5 ml against E. coli, while the acetone extract showed a MIC of 2.5 ml for S. aureus and 1.25 ml for E. coli. Notably, no significant antimicrobial activity was observed against P. aeruginosa.
Extraction Process and Methodology
The methodology involved the careful collection and preparation of E. laevis leaves, which were then dried and powdered. The extraction process utilized a Soxhlet apparatus with acetone and isopropanol as solvents. Following the extraction, the antimicrobial efficacy was tested on pure cultures of the selected bacteria using the well diffusion method, followed by the determination of MIC through a systematic serial dilution process. This methodological approach ensured a comprehensive evaluation of the plant's antimicrobial properties.
Findings and Biological Implications
The results indicated that E. laevis contains bioactive compounds, such as tannic acid, which contribute to its antimicrobial properties. The study confirmed a clear relationship between the concentration of the extract and the level of microbial growth inhibition. As the concentration of acetone and isopropanol extracts increased, the growth of S. aureus and E. coli decreased correspondingly. Moreover, the findings were consistent with previous case studies that recognized the efficacy of E. laevis in wound healing and treatment of various ailments without reliance on antibiotics.
Conclusion
This study concludes that Ehretia laevis is a potent medicinal plant with notable antimicrobial properties, particularly against E. coli and S. aureus. Its extracts can potentially be harnessed for therapeutic applications in treating infections, especially in wound care. The findings underline the importance of further exploring the pharmaceutical applications of E. laevis in modern medicinal practice, highlighting its role in traditional medicine and its potential integration into pharmacological formulations.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the study on Ehretia laevis?
The study evaluates the antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of acetone and isopropanol extracts from Ehretia laevis leaves against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
What previous medicinal uses are documented for Ehretia laevis?
Ehretia laevis is traditionally used for wound healing, minor fractures, diarrhea, cough, and other ailments. Its leaves, roots, and stem bark have various medicinal uses in traditional medicine.
What method was used to extract compounds from Ehretia laevis leaves?
The study utilized the Soxhlet apparatus to extract the powdered leaves of Ehretia laevis using acetone and isopropanol solvents in a 1:10 ratio of leaves to solvent.
What were the results of the antimicrobial activity tests?
The extracts demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, but not against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, indicating specific effectiveness of the extracts.
How was the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined?
The MIC was determined using the agar dilution method with serial dilutions of leaf extracts. This revealed effective concentrations for inhibiting bacterial growth.
What conclusion was drawn from the research on Ehretia laevis?
The study concluded that Ehretia laevis has significant antimicrobial properties, making it a valuable resource for developing treatments for infections and pharmacological applications.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Antimicrobial and MIC of Ehretia laevis leaf extracts against microbes”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Aureus:
Aureus refers to Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacterium known for causing various infections in humans. Its presence in the study signifies the importance of evaluating antimicrobial efficacy, as it is a common pathogen involved in skin and soft tissue infections, thereby highlighting potential treatment options.
2) Activity:
Activity in this context relates to the antimicrobial activity demonstrated by extracts of Ehretia laevis. It underscores the plant's effectiveness against certain bacteria, suggesting its applicability in developing natural antimicrobial agents, which is vital for addressing rising antibiotic resistance.
3) Kshama (Ksama):
Kshama Murarkar is the lead author of the study, representing a researcher affiliated with Kamla Nehru Mahavidyalaya. The mention of her name emphasizes the collaborative effort and contribution to the field of medicinal plant research and enhances the credibility of the findings reported.
4) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic investigation of the antimicrobial properties of Ehretia laevis, exploring its efficacy against specific microorganisms. This research is significant for potential therapeutic uses and contributes to the growing body of knowledge on natural remedies for infectious diseases.
5) Cakka:
Chakka is a local name for Ehretia laevis, particularly in Maharashtra, India. Its reference in the study highlights cultural significance and traditional uses of the plant, suggesting that local communities recognize its medicinal properties, thereby encouraging further scientific exploration.
6) Family:
Family in this context pertains to the Boraginaceae family to which Ehretia laevis belongs. The classification underscores shared characteristics among plants within the family, often linked with medicinal properties, indicating a potential for discovery of more therapeutic agents from related species.
7) India:
India is the country where Ehretia laevis is found and studied, emphasizing its geographical and cultural relevance. The plant's use in traditional medicine in Indian society showcases the integration of indigenous knowledge in healthcare, which can lead to innovative pharmacological developments.
8) Tree:
Tree denotes the plant's classification as a small tree or shrub, which is important for understanding its ecological role and physical characteristics. This aspect hints at the tree's potential as a sustainable resource for medicinal extracts, impacting practices in herbal medicine.
9) Medicine:
Medicines refers to substances used for treatment of diseases. This term underscores the broader context of the research, which seeks to contribute to the development of new therapeutic options derived from natural sources, promoting sustainable health practices.
10) Powder:
Powder refers to the processed form of dried leaves of Ehretia laevis, which were made for extraction. This physical state is crucial for enhancing solubility and efficacy in the extraction process, ultimately determining the bioactive compounds available for antimicrobial activity.
11) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological relates to the study of medicines and their effects on the body. In this context, it underscores the potential of Ehretia laevis as a source for developing new antimicrobial drugs, thus encouraging exploration of traditional remedies in contemporary medicine.
12) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is the Indian state where the local name 'Khandu chakka' is used for Ehretia laevis. This geographical linkage emphasizes the cultural relevance of the plant in local healing practices and points to the importance of ethnobotanical knowledge in scientific inquiry.
13) Dushtavrana (Dustavrana, Dusta-vrana, Dushta-vrana):
Dushtavrana translates to 'non-healing ulcer' in traditional medicine. The mention of this term highlights one of the conditions for which Ehretia laevis might be used, demonstrating the potential therapeutic applications in traditional healing practices, particularly wound management.
14) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section in the research that interprets the findings of the study. It addresses the implications of the antimicrobial activity observed, situating the results within the broader context of medicinal plant research and its applications in healthcare.
15) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotic pertains to substances that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. This term's presence in the study highlights the significance of finding alternative antimicrobial agents from natural sources like Ehretia laevis, especially in light of increasing antibiotic resistance.
16) Disease:
Disease relates to specific pathologies that could be targeted by the antimicrobial properties of Ehretia laevis. This concept connects the study's findings to real-world health challenges, reinforcing the relevance of researching natural plant-derived treatments.
17) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita refers to a type of medicated ghee used in traditional Indian medicine. Its usage in relation to Ehretia laevis highlights how traditional practices may incorporate plant extracts, fostering a deeper understanding of integrative approaches to health and medicine.
18) Diksa (Diksha):
Diksha Bande is a co-author of the study, reflecting the collaborative effort in research. Her inclusion adds a layer of academic rigor to the findings, emphasizing the role of teamwork in advancing the scientific exploration of medicinal plants.
19) Kandu (Kamdu):
Kandu refers to an alternative name for Ehretia laevis, further emphasizing the plant's cultural significance. Such terminological references can enhance understanding within local populations and promote the preservation of traditional knowledge regarding medicinal plants.
20) Joshi (Josi):
Joshi refers to the researcher cited in the literature survey, indicating prior studies on the medicinal uses of the plant. This citation enhances credibility and situates the current research within a framework of established knowledge in ethnomedicine.
21) Ulcer:
Ulcer refers to a sore that develops on the skin or mucous membrane, representing a common ailment treated with traditional remedies. The study's focus on antimicrobial properties aligns with exploring effective natural treatments for managing ulcers and promoting healing.
22) Cina:
China is mentioned as one of the native regions for Ehretia laevis. This geographical reference highlights the plant's spread across Asia, indicating its cultural and medicinal relevance in various countries, which can facilitate cross-cultural studies on its applications.
23) Genu:
Genu is likely a typographical error or misrepresentation related to 'genus'. The significance lies in the need for precision in scientific terminology, which is critical for clear communication of research findings and the classification of biological organisms.
24) Wine:
Wine refers to an alcoholic beverage that may have historical medicinal uses. This term could introduce the idea of plant extracts being utilized in various forms, asserting the versatility of Ehretia laevis and its potential applications beyond just medicinal contexts.
25) Pain:
Pain signifies a physical sensation often addressed in traditional medicine. The study on Ehretia laevis touches upon potential therapeutic uses, suggesting the plant may alleviate pain associated with conditions addressed by traditional practices and enhancing its importance in phytotherapy.
26) Milk:
Milk is mentioned in connection with the powdered flowers of Ehretia laevis, indicating its use in traditional remedies. This highlights the integration of various natural ingredients in herbal formulations, showcasing the multifaceted approaches taken in traditional Indian medicine.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Antimicrobial and MIC of Ehretia laevis leaf extracts against microbes’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Traditional medicine, Antimicrobial activity, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Tannic acid, Agar dilution method.