Concept of rasayana in ayurvedic literature

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Concept of rasayana in ayurvedic literature
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Dr. Ketan Rathwa and Dr. Rakesh Salve


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Full text available for: Concept of rasayana in ayurvedic literature

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201813-12949

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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The concept of Rasayana in Ayurvedic literature is centered on enhancing health, prolonging life, and delaying the aging process. Rooted in ancient practices, it signifies a quest for rejuvenation and vitality through a range of herbal formulations and guidelines aimed at improving overall well-being. This exploration of Rasayana illustrates its historical significance, definitions, classifications, and therapeutic benefits as outlined in classical Ayurvedic texts.

Importance of Rasayana

Rasayana, derived from two Sanskrit words, "Rasa" and "Ayana," symbolizes the pathway through which the essence of food nourishes and replenishes bodily tissues. Acharya Charaka emphasizes that Rasayana therapy enhances not only the physical health of individuals but also their cognitive abilities, strength, and longevity. The methodology includes specific practices to administer Rasayana, classified primarily into indoor (Kutipravesika) and outdoor (Vatatapika) treatments, providing tailored approaches to individual healthcare needs.

Historical Context and Application

Historical references to Rasayana are found in ancient texts like the Vedas, particularly in their depictions of the Aswinis—divine figures associated with rejuvenation. These texts highlight not only the ability of Rasayana to prolong life but also its role in maintaining youthfulness and vitality. Numerous considerations regarding the application of Rasayana focuses on age appropriateness, with scholars determining that optimal timing for administration is in early adulthood (Madhya Vayas) rather than childhood or old age, when the body is either still developing or is less responsive to rejuvenative treatments.

Therapeutic Mechanisms and Benefits

Rasayana's therapeutic effects are multifaceted, functioning as an adaptogen and immunomodulator that enhances the body’s resilience to stress and disease. Modern scientific studies correlate the benefits observed in traditional practices with pharmacological mechanisms, such as antioxidant properties that combat oxidative stress. Traditional applications promote improved mental acuity, physical robustness, and immunity against various conditions, outlining the holistic nature of Rasayana as far more than just a health regimen—it's a comprehensive lifestyle philosophy within Ayurveda.

Conclusion

Rasayana embodies a significant aspect of Ayurvedic healing philosophy, emphasizing not only physical rejuvenation but also mental and spiritual wellness. By integrating ancient wisdom with modern scientific inquiry, the enduring legacy of Rasayana continues to foster health, vitality, and longevity in contemporary practice. Ultimately, Rasayana serves as a bridge between historical Ayurvedic traditions and the modern understanding of health, emphasizing its vital role in preventative and curative healthcare approaches.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the primary purpose of Rasayana in Ayurveda?

Rasayana is primarily aimed at prolonging life, enhancing intellect and strength, and curing disorders. It serves the dual purpose of disease eradication and promoting overall health.

How is Rasayana classified in Ayurvedic practices?

Rasayana is classified into various types based on administration methods and specific benefits. Notable classifications include Kutipravesika, Vatatapika, Kamya, Naimittika, and Ajasrika, focusing on individual needs.

What are the historical roots of Rasayana in Vedic literature?

Historical references to Rasayana can be traced back to Vedic texts like Rigveda, which highlight its role in prolonging life and maintaining youthfulness through spiritual and medicinal practices.

What dietary practices should be followed while undergoing Rasayana treatment?

During Rasayana treatment, individuals should avoid substandard diets, irregular food intake, and excessive exercise. Maintaining a balanced diet with a focus on natural and wholesome foods is essential.

Who should refrain from using Rasayana therapies?

Rasayana should be avoided by individuals who are intemperate, lazy, poor, or morally careless. Such factors diminish the potential benefits and efficacy of Rasayana treatments.

What modern pharmacological activities are associated with Rasayana drugs?

Rasayana drugs exhibit modern pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, adaptogen, and immunomodulation. They help enhance the body's resistance to stress and improve overall health and longevity.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Concept of rasayana in ayurvedic literature”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayana refers to a concept in Ayurveda that encompasses rejuvenation therapies aimed at promoting longevity, enhancing vitality, and delaying the aging process. It involves the use of specific substances that nourish the body's tissues and maintain health, thus serving as a crucial aspect of Ayurvedic medicine focused on restoring youthfulness and improving overall well-being.

2) Life:
In the context of Ayurveda, life encompasses not only the biological aspect but also the holistic well-being of an individual. The Ayurvedic approach emphasizes the interconnectedness of body, mind, and spirit, considering the quality of life, longevity, and health as essential components that can be enhanced through appropriate lifestyle practices and therapies such as Rasayana.

3) Dhatu:
Dhaatu is the singular form of Dhatus, referring to the essential bodily tissues responsible for sustaining life and health. Understanding Dhaatu is crucial in Ayurveda, as therapies, including Rasayana, focus on nourishing these tissues to promote overall vitality and longevity.

4) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa is the essence obtained from food after digestion; it is vital for sustaining health and vitality. In Ayurveda, Rasa circulates through the body, nourishing the Dhatus and playing a key role in maintaining the physiological processes that contribute to overall well-being, making it a fundamental concept in both nutrition and therapy.

5) Disease:
Diseases are seen as imbalances or disharmonies within the body in Ayurveda, often linked to lifestyle, diet, and environmental factors. Ayurvedic treatments, including Rasayana, aim at not just curing symptoms of diseases but also addressing their underlying causes to restore holistic health.

6) Agni:
Agni represents the digestive fire or metabolic energy in Ayurveda, essential for transforming food into bodily tissues and energy. It plays a pivotal role in the health of an individual, influencing digestion, absorption, and overall vitality. Proper Agni is essential for maximizing the benefits of Rasayana therapies.

7) Drug:
In Ayurveda, a drug is often a plant, mineral, or animal-based substance that has therapeutic properties. These substances can be utilized in various forms, such as powders, decoctions, or tablets, to treat ailments, enhance health, and rejuvenate the body, aligning with the principles of Ayurveda and Rasayana therapies.

8) Substance:
Substances in Ayurveda include the various materials classified by their therapeutic properties. These can range from herbal ingredients to mineral compounds, which are used in treatments and formulations aimed at restoring health, curing diseases, and enhancing overall vitality through practices such as Rasayana.

9) Jara (Jara°, Jará):
Jara signifies aging or senescence in Ayurvedic terminology. It encompasses the natural process of deterioration in the body over time, affecting vitality and health. Rasayana therapies are specifically designed to delay Jara, enhance rejuvenation, and promote longevity through the nourishment of the Dhatus.

10) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Sodhana refers to a purification process in Ayurveda that prepares the body for therapeutic treatments. It aims to eliminate toxins and restore balance, enhancing the effectiveness of subsequent treatments like Rasayana. Sodhana is deemed essential to ensure the body can properly assimilate the benefits of rejuvenating therapies.

11) Vaya:
Vaya means age in Sanskrit and signifies a critical factor in Ayurvedic treatments. The understanding of an individual's Vaya informs practitioners about developmental stages, health needs, and appropriate therapies, including when to initiate Rasayana therapies for optimal benefits tailored to that specific life phase.

12) Food:
Food is viewed as a source of energy and nourishment in Ayurveda, critical for maintaining health and promoting longevity. Proper dietary choices and habits are integral to Ayurvedic philosophy, directly influencing Agni and, consequently, the efficacy of Rasayana and other therapeutic practices.

13) Vayas:
Vayas emphasizes the different stages of life, paralleling the concept of age. Each stage has unique health considerations, influencing dietary and therapeutic needs, particularly the application of Rasayana therapies. Understanding Vayas assists practitioners in customizing treatments to optimize health during various life phases.

14) Bala:
Bala denotes strength or youthfulness in Ayurveda, representing an important aspect of health. It is especially significant for children, whose developing bodies require nurturing to grow strong. Rasayana practices can bolster Bala, enhancing growth, vitality, and resilience against diseases in young individuals.

15) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, characterized by qualities of movement and change (such as air and space). It governs bodily functions related to motion, communication, and creativity. Balancing Vata is crucial for maintaining health and effectively utilizing Rasayana preparations.

16) Acarya:
Acaryas, the plural form of Acarya, refers to the collective wisdom of historical Ayurvedic scholars. They have significantly shaped Ayurvedic theory and practice, with their writings detailing therapeutic systems, including Rasayana, and establishing the principles and methods of holistic healing over centuries.

17) Dravya:
Dravyas are the various substances used in Ayurvedic practices, including herbal, mineral, and animal products that possess medicinal properties. Each Dravya's characteristics and effects are significant in formulating treatments and promoting healing, especially in Rasayana therapies aimed at rejuvenation and health.

18) Caraka:
Caraka was a prominent ancient Ayurvedic physician and scholar whose contributions laid the foundation for classical Ayurvedic texts. His teachings on Rasayana emphasize the importance of rejuvenation therapies, detailing methods and substances that promote health, longevity, and vitality in individuals.

19) Kalpa:
In Ayurveda, Kalpa refers to a specific preparation or formulation of medicinal substances. Each Kalpa is designed for particular therapeutic effects and is integral to the practice of Rasayana, which often involves carefully formulated Kalpas to optimize rejuvenation and enhance health.

20) Dhatvagni (Dhatu-agni):
Dhatvagni refers to the digestive fire associated with each Dhatu, responsible for transforming nutrients into that specific tissue. Maintaining a balanced Dhatvagni is essential for effective nourishment, supporting overall health, and maximizing the benefits of Rasayana therapies in rejuvenation and vitality.

21) Activity:
Activity in Ayurveda denotes the functional manifestations resulting from the balance or imbalance of the doshas and Dhatus. Various activities can indicate the state of health or disease in an individual, informing treatment plans involving Rasayana to restore optimal functioning and enhance vitality.

22) Pippali (Pippalin):
Pippali, or long pepper, is a revered herb in Ayurvedic medicine known for its warming and digestive properties. It is often utilized in Rasayana formulations due to its ability to enhance digestion, absorption, and overall metabolism, thus playing a role in rejuvenation therapies.

23) Yauvana:
Yauvana refers to the stage of youth in life, characterized by vitality and energy. This phase is essential for health and development, where Rasayana therapies are particularly beneficial to support growth, enhance strength, and promote overall wellbeing, preparing individuals for later stages of life.

24) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi means disease or illness within the Ayurvedic perspective. Understanding Vyadhi is crucial for identifying health imbalances and creating effective treatment strategies, including Rasayana, which not only seek to treat existing Vyadhis but also to prevent their recurrence by enhancing overall health.

25) Balya:
Balya signifies strengthening or providing nourishment, especially during childhood and youth. In Ayurveda, Balya is integral to growth and development, through which Rasayana therapies focus on building strength and resilience, ensuring a solid foundation for lifelong health and vitality.

26) Jatharagni (Jathara-agni):
Jatharagni refers to the primary digestive fire crucial for bodily metabolism and energy production. It serves as the foundation for all digestive processes in Ayurveda, and maintaining a balanced Jatharagni is essential for the effectiveness of Rasayana therapies and overall digestive health.

27) Samshodhana (Samsodhana):
Samsodhana is a detoxification process in Ayurveda aimed at cleansing the body of impurities and toxins. This important step ensures that the body is prepared to receive rejuvenating therapies like Rasayana effectively, amplifying their benefits and aiding in restoring balance and health.

28) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a group of phytonutrients found in various plants, known for their antioxidant properties. They can play a role in Ayurvedic remedies by protecting cells from oxidative stress and providing health benefits. Their incorporation into Rasayana could enhance rejuvenating effects and overall vitality.

29) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is the ancient Indian system of medicine emphasizing holistic health through balance in body, mind, and spirit. It includes various therapies such as Rasayana, which focuses on rejuvenation and longevity, highlighting the importance of lifestyle, diet, and natural treatments for optimal health.

30) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata was a significant ancient Ayurvedic scholar whose works contributed to the formulation of classical Ayurvedic texts. His insights into holistic health, including practices centered on Rasayana, have provided essential guidance for practitioners in employing Ayurveda for healing and rejuvenation.

31) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the practices, substances, and knowledge used to promote health and prevent or treat diseases. In Ayurveda, it includes a wide array of herbs, formulations, and techniques aimed at restoring balance and enhancing wellbeing, with Rasayana playing a critical role in rejuvenation therapies.

32) Samhita:
Samhitas are ancient collections of Ayurvedic texts that compile knowledge and practices. They provide vital guidance on therapies, including Rasayana, serving as foundational documents for practitioners in understanding holistic health and healing methodologies.

33) Madhya:
Madhya denotes the middle stage of life, crucial for health and balance. It is during this phase that individuals can benefit from Rasayana therapies aimed at enhancing vitality, building strength, and maintaining optimal function, which are essential for preparing for the later stages of life.

34) Srotas (Shrotas):
Srotas refers to the channels in Ayurveda that transport nutrients and bodily fluids throughout the system. The proper functioning of Srotas is vital for health, as they facilitate the distribution of the effects of Rasayana therapies, ensuring that rejuvenation reaches all tissues.

35) Tapa:
Tapa signifies the process of self-discipline and austerity aimed at purifying the body and mind in Ayurveda. It involves practices that enhance digestion and metabolism, and when combined with Rasayana therapies, can significantly increase their effectiveness in promoting health and vitality.

36) Radiotherapy:
Radiotherapy is a modern medical treatment employing radiation to manage and treat cancers. In Ayurvedic practice, the effects of radiotherapy can create oxidative stress and bodily imbalances, which could be mitigated through Rasayana therapies to restore health and improve recovery.

37) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
Bhaisajya refers to medicinal substances or treatments utilized in Ayurveda to promote healing and provide therapeutic benefits. It underscores the emphasis on natural remedies, including Rasayana formulations, that facilitate rejuvenation and support holistic health.

38) Brimhaniya (Brmhaniya):
Brmhaniya indicates substances or practices that promote growth, strength, and beneficial effects in the body. In Rasayana, Brmhaniya formulations aim to enhance vitality, nourish the body's tissues, and support overall health, focusing on maintaining life and preventing deterioration with age.

39) Samshamana (Samsamana):
Samsamana refers to a therapeutic approach in Ayurveda aimed at balancing the existing doshas within the body. This gentle method is vital in using Rasayana therapies, ensuring that treatments address imbalances effectively, restoring harmony and supporting overall health.

40) Bhutagni (Bhuta-agni):
Bhutagni refers to the elemental digestive fires associated with each of the five elements in Ayurveda. These Agnis are essential for metabolizing food and maintaining health. Proper functioning of Bhutagni is vital for enhancing the effectiveness of Rasayana and supporting rejuvenation processes.

41) Jivaniya:
Jivaniya signifies substances or practices that promote life, vitality, and longevity in Ayurveda. The term emphasizes the importance of maintaining health and energy, with Rasayana therapies directly linked to enhancing life force and offering rejuvenative benefits.

42) Indriya (Imdriya):
Indriya is the singular form of Indriyas, representing a specific sensory organ. In Ayurveda, it is essential to maintain the health and vitality of each Indriya, particularly through therapies like Rasayana, which aim to enhance sensory perception and overall bodily functions.

43) Upacaya:
Upacaya refers to the nourishment and support provided to the body's tissues and functions in Ayurveda. It is significant in assessing how Rasayana therapies can help restore and enhance bodily systems, promoting long-term health and resilience against diseases.

44) Kalpana:
Kalpana signifies the preparation and formulation processes in Ayurvedic practices. It involves the systematic combination of ingredients to create effective medicines, with Rasayana Kalpana focusing on rejuvenation and enhancing the therapeutic properties of the constituents.

45) Gujarat:
Gujarat is a state in India known for its rich cultural heritage and contributions to Ayurveda. This region has a long-standing tradition of Ayurvedic practices, and many scholars from Gujarat have shaped the understanding and application of Rasayana in promoting health and longevity.

46) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
Astanga refers to the eight limbs of Ayurveda, a holistic system emphasizing various aspects of health and healing. The concept highlights the integration of physical, mental, and spiritual practices in Ayurvedic medicine, including Rasayana, for achieving overall well-being and rejuvenation.

47) Medhya:
Medhya denotes those substances in Ayurveda that enhance cognitive functions, memory, and intellect. They hold particular importance in Rasayana therapies aimed at strengthening mental faculties, ensuring that individuals maintain sharpness of mind throughout their lives.

48) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, characterized by qualities of stability, structure, and moisture. It is essential for growth, immunity, and bodily functions. Balancing Kapha, particularly through therapies like Rasayana, is crucial for maintaining health and preventing diseases.

49) Rakta:
Rakta refers to blood, a vital Dhatu in Ayurveda that plays a critical role in sustaining life. It is responsible for transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the body. Enhancing Rakta quality and quantity is essential for maintaining overall health, making it integral to Rasayana therapies.

50) Ahara:
Ahara translates to food or diet in Ayurveda, emphasizing its fundamental role in sustaining health and vitality. Proper Ahara supports Agni and nourishes Dhatus, making it a vital component of Rasayana therapies aimed at rejuvenation and maintaining robust health.

51) Acara:
Acara indicates behavior or conduct within Ayurveda, relating to how lifestyle choices affect health. Following proper Acara is essential for achieving optimal results from Rasayana therapies, as it encompasses practices that promote balance and well-being throughout life.

52) Purva:
Purva means anterior or prior in Sanskrit and signifies the earlier stages of life. Recognizing this phase is key in Ayurveda, as it lays the foundation for health and vitality, ensuring that Rasayana therapies can effectively support growth and strength during development.

53) India:
India is the birthplace of Ayurveda, encompassing a rich tradition of medicinal knowledge and实践. The country's geographical and cultural diversity influences numerous Ayurvedic practices, including Rasayana, which reflect the holistic understanding of health and wellness rooted in its ancient traditions.

55) Japa:
Japa denotes the meditative practice of chanting mantras in Ayurveda, aimed at enhancing mental focus and spiritual growth. This practice is often integrated with Rasayana therapies, as it is believed to promote overall health and well-being through the alignment of mind and body.

56) Ojas:
Ojas is considered the vital energy responsible for immunity, strength, and overall vitality in Ayurveda. It represents the essence of well-being, and enhancing Ojas is a key objective of Rasayana therapies, contributing to longevity and resistance against diseases.

57) Paka:
Paka refers to the process of cooking or digesting food in Ayurveda. Proper Paka is essential for enhancing Agni and ensuring that nutrients are effectively absorbed by the body. It is a crucial consideration in the formulation of Rasayana therapies.

58) Sara (Shara):
Sara means essence or that which is vital, underscoring the importance of quality in nutrients and substances consumed. In Ayurveda, achieving this Sara state is essential for overall health, and Rasayana therapies aim to maximize the Sara of the body's tissues.

59) Ushna (Usna):
Usna refers to heat or warmth in Ayurvedic terminology, associated with stimulating digestion and metabolism. It plays a significant role in the concept of Agni and is crucial in enhancing the effectiveness of Rasayana therapies aimed at optimizing bodily functions.

60) Sage:
Sage refers to a revered or wise individual in Ayurvedic or spiritual contexts, often regarded as a teacher. These sages have made significant contributions to the understanding of Rasayana and other Ayurvedic practices, sharing wisdom on health and healing.

61) Hair:
Hair is considered a reflection of health and vitality in Ayurveda. Its condition can indicate internal balance or disorder. Rasayana therapies often aim to enhance the quality and growth of hair, signifying overall health and rejuvenation.

62) Milk:
Milk is a revered substance in Ayurveda, valued for its nourishing properties and health benefits. It is often used in Rasayana formulations for its ability to enhance strength, vitality, and nourishment, essential for rejuvenating and promoting health.

63) Post:
Post refers to an after-phase or continuation of processes or studies; in Ayurveda, post-treatment stages involve ongoing support to enhance therapeutic benefits. After Rasayana therapies, maintaining health through lifestyle choices is critical for long-lasting effects.

64) Rasayanatantra (Rasayana-tantra):
Rasayana-tantra refers specifically to the science and methodology of rejuvenation in Ayurveda. It encompasses the principles, techniques, and practices involved in administering Rasayana therapies to promote longevity, vitality, and overall health across different life stages.

65) Ashtangahridaya (Astangahrdaya, Ashtanga-hridaya):
Astanga-hrdaya is a classic Ayurvedic text authored by Vagbhata that compiles essential Ayurvedic knowledge, including Rasayana principles. This text serves as a comprehensive guide for practitioners, delivering detailed insights into healing and rejuvenation practices rooted in ancient wisdom.

66) Shankhapushpi (Sankhapuspi, Samkhapuspi):
Shankhapushpi is an herb traditionally utilized in Ayurveda for its brain-enhancing and calming properties. It is often included in Rasayana formulations to support cognitive functions, offering rejuvenating effects and aiding in the nourishment of mental faculties.

67) Vayahsthapana (Vayassthapana, Vayah-sthapana, Vayas-sthapana):
Vayahsthapana refers to therapies aimed at stabilizing youthfulness and preventing premature aging. This aspect of Rasayana focuses on maintaining health and vitality, reinforcing the connection between physical well-being and longevity.

68) Shivadasasena (Sivadasasena):
Sivadasasena was an influential commentator on Ayurvedic texts, providing insights into the interpretations of ancient practices and theories. His contributions include discussions on Rasayana and its implications for holistic health, enriching the understanding of rejuvenation therapies.

69) Sutrasthana (Sutra-sthana):
Sutrasthana is one of the sections of the Charaka Samhita, dedicated to foundational principles of Ayurveda. It outlines key concepts, including the methodology of Rasayana therapies, serving as a reference for practitioners focused on rejuvenation and holistic healing.

70) Jyotishmati (Jyotismati, Jyotirmati):
Jyotishmati is an Ayurvedic herb known for enhancing cognitive functions, particularly memory and mental clarity. It is often included in Rasayana formulations aimed at promoting intellect and safeguarding mental health throughout the aging process.

71) Performance:
Performance in Ayurveda denotes the efficacy and functional capabilities of the body and mind. Optimizing performance through the application of Rasayana and other therapeutic practices is essential for sustaining health, enhancing vitality, and preventing age-related decline.

72) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulated represents the buildup of substances, whether nutrients or toxins, within the body. The Ayurvedic approach emphasizes the importance of managing these accumulations, particularly through detoxification methods like Sodhana, that support the effectiveness of Rasayana therapies.

73) Bhallataka:
Bhallataka is an Ayurvedic herbal ingredient used in treatments and formulations. Recognized for its rejuvenating properties, Bhallataka is often utilized in Rasayana practices aimed at enhancing strength and vitality, thus contributing to overall health and longevity.

74) Naimittika:
Naimittika signifies therapies or substances tailored to specific conditions or diseases in Ayurveda. This individualized approach ensures that treatment plans address particular health issues effectively, including the application of Rasayana in enhancing recovery or vitality.

75) Knowledge:
Knowledge in Ayurveda is the understanding of holistic health principles, dietary guidelines, and treatment methodologies. This encompasses insights from ancient texts regarding Rasayana, which provides practitioners with the frameworks needed for effective patient care and health optimization.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 261]

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Concept of rasayana in ayurvedic literature’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Dhatu, Old age, Rasa, Ayana, Samshodhana, Vatatapika, Kutipraveshika, Vedic literature, Rasayana therapy, Eight branches of Ayurveda, Ayurvedic literature, Acharya Sushruta, Acharya Charaka, Adaptogen, Immuno-modulator, Concept of Rasayana, Healthy state, Genetic Configuration, Ayurvedic pharmaceutical methods.

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