Prevalence of intestinal parasites in Khurja's urban and rural areas.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A study of prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated risk factors among urban and rural population of khurja (bulandshahr)
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Dr. Praveen Kumar
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: A study of prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated risk factors among urban and rural population of khurja (bulandshahr)
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201813-12773
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract are prevalent, especially in developing countries, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Factors such as poor personal hygiene, inadequate environmental sanitation, and socio-economic conditions strongly influence the prevalence of intestinal parasitism. A study conducted in Khurja, Bulandshahr, from 2011 to 2013 assessed the prevalence of intestinal parasites and the risk factors associated with them in both urban and rural populations. A total of 357 stool samples were microscopically examined to identify the presence of intestinal parasites, shedding light on the demographic factors influencing infection rates.
High Prevalence Among Younger Populations
The study revealed that the prevalence of intestinal parasites was particularly high among younger individuals, with 60.4% of positive cases documented in the age group of 0-15 years. The data collected indicated that this age group is at greater risk, likely due to factors such as inadequate hygiene practices and heightened exposure to parasites commonly found in their environment. The prevalence decreased among older age groups, highlighting the need for targeted health education and interventions aimed at improving hygiene standards within younger demographics.
Socio-Economic Status Influencing Infection Rates
Another significant finding of the study was the correlation between socio-economic status and the prevalence of intestinal parasites. The results showed that 54.05% of positive cases were among individuals from low-income groups. This suggests that individuals in less privileged socio-economic conditions have limited access to clean water, adequate sanitation facilities, and health education, all of which are critical for parasite prevention. Addressing the socio-economic challenges faced by these communities is essential for reducing the incidence of parasitic infections.
The Impact of Literacy and Education
The study also identified a strong link between education levels and the prevalence of intestinal parasites. An alarming 62.2% of positive cases were observed in illiterate individuals, indicating that lacking educational awareness contributes to poor hygiene practices and inadequate understanding of health risks. This underlines the necessity for educational programs focused on health and hygiene, particularly in rural areas where literacy rates may be lower, to empower communities to take proactive steps in managing their health.
Conclusion
The findings from the study underscore the urgent need for comprehensive measures to combat gastrointestinal parasitic infections in Khurja and similar regions. Enhancing social awareness, continuous education, and addressing environmental and nutritional deficiencies are critical components in reducing the prevalence of these infections. A nationwide integrated approach that includes community participation, access to healthcare, and improvements in socio-economic conditions is essential to mitigate the impact of gastrointestinal parasitic diseases and decrease potential mortality rates associated with them.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the aim of the study conducted in Khurja, Bulandshahr?
The study aimed to assess the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and identify associated risk factors among urban and rural populations in Khurja, Bulandshahr, from 2011 to 2013.
How many individuals participated in the stool examination?
A total of 357 randomly selected individuals from both urban and rural populations participated in the stool examination for parasitic infections.
What were the main findings regarding age and infection prevalence?
The study found that gastrointestinal parasitic infections were significantly higher in younger age groups, particularly among those aged 0-15, with 60.4% testing positive.
How did socio-economic status impact the prevalence of parasites?
In the study, 54.05% of positive cases were from the low-income group, indicating a strong correlation between lower socio-economic status and higher prevalence of parasitic infections.
What role does education play in the prevalence of intestinal parasites?
The research revealed that 62.2% of positive cases were illiterate, suggesting inadequate education is linked to a higher prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections.
What recommendations were made to control parasitic infections?
The study suggests implementing a nationwide integrated control program focusing on chemotherapy, nutrition improvement, community engagement, and maintaining a clean environment to reduce the risk of infection.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Prevalence of intestinal parasites in Khurja's urban and rural areas.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Study (Studying):
The term 'Study' refers to a systematic investigation aimed at understanding a particular phenomenon, in this case, the prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated risk factors among different populations. It encompasses data collection, analysis, and drawing conclusions that can inform public health approaches and interventions.
2) Kumar:
Dr. Praveen Kumar is the lead researcher in this study, representing the Department of Zoology. His findings contribute significantly to the understanding of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in Khurja, Bulandshahr, emphasizing the importance of scientific research in addressing public health challenges in local communities.
3) Disease:
The term 'Diseases' refers to a variety of negative health conditions caused by intestinal parasites. The prevalence of these diseases underscores the need for public health interventions aimed at reducing infection rates and improving overall community health, especially in vulnerable populations.
4) Education:
In the context of the study, 'Education' highlights the relationship between literacy levels and health outcomes. It suggests that educated individuals may have better awareness of hygiene practices, thus potentially reducing the risk of gastrointestinal parasitic infections, reflecting the broader importance of health education in communities.
5) Hygiene (Hygienic):
'Hygiene' pertains to the practices aimed at maintaining health and preventing disease. In this study, it is emphasized as a crucial risk factor for the prevalence of intestinal parasites, highlighting that poor hygiene practices can facilitate the spread of these infections in both urban and rural settings.
6) Table:
Tables in research serve to organize and present data clearly and concisely. They summarize findings, allowing for easy comparison across different demographics, such as age, gender, and socio-economic status, which is essential for drawing conclusions about the study's results.
7) Male:
The term 'Male' represents a demographic category within the study, revealing that intestinal parasitic infections were found more frequently in males compared to females. Understanding gender differences in prevalence can inform targeted health interventions and educational campaigns to mitigate the risks.
8) Developing:
'Developing' refers to nations or regions with limited resources and infrastructure concerning health care, sanitation, and education. This context amplifies the relevance of the study's findings, as developing areas often experience higher rates of gastrointestinal parasitic infections due to these limitations.
9) Medium:
The term 'Medium' in relation to socio-economic status refers to a classification indicating individuals with moderate income levels. Understanding the infection rates among medium-income groups helps elucidate the socio-economic factors contributing to parasitic disease prevalence and inform targeted strategies for intervention.
10) Zoology:
'Zoology' is the branch of biology that studies animals, including parasites. Dr. Praveen Kumar's background in Zoology indicates a scientific approach to studying intestinal parasites, providing the necessary expertise to investigate their impact on human health and develop effective control measures.
11) Water:
Access to 'Water' is critical for maintaining hygiene and sanitation, which are key factors in preventing gastrointestinal parasitic infections. The study highlights the importance of safe water supply in reducing the prevalence of these infections in both rural and urban populations.
12) Food:
The term 'Food' pertains to dietary habits that can influence the transmission and risk of intestinal parasitic infections. Poor food hygiene practices contribute to the spread of infections, thereby necessitating interventions that focus on improving food safety and hygiene education in communities.
13) Pur:
'Poor' typically describes socio-economic conditions associated with limited resources, education, and access to healthcare. This factor is often correlated with higher rates of parasitic infections, as individuals in poor communities may lack the means to maintain proper hygiene and seek medical treatment.
14) Chemotherapy:
In this context, 'Chemotherapy' refers to the medical treatment used for parasitic infections. The study suggests that an integrated control program involving chemotherapy could significantly reduce morbidity associated with gastrointestinal parasitic diseases, advocating for the overall improvement of community health standards.
15) Transmission:
'Transmission' is the process by which intestinal parasites spread from one host to another. Understanding the modes of transmission helps identify risk factors and design effective strategies to control and prevent the spread of infections within communities.
16) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response often triggered by the presence of parasites, leading to various health issues such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and other gastrointestinal symptoms. The study emphasizes the health complications associated with intestinal parasites, including inflammation, which can impact the quality of life.
17) Discussion:
'Discussion' in academic research provides a space to interpret findings, compare them with existing literature, and consider implications for public health practice. It is crucial for understanding the relevance of the study’s results in the broader context of intestinal parasitic infections.
18) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
Tamil Nadu is a state in India where gastrointestinal parasitic infections may be prevalent due to socio-economic factors. Including this region in the study highlights the geographical aspect of the issue, indicating a widespread public health problem in various Indian states.
19) Vomiting:
'Vomiting' is one of the symptoms associated with intestinal parasitic infections. The study addresses gastrointestinal symptoms, recognizing that awareness of potential signs of infection (such as vomiting) is essential for early diagnosis and treatment, ultimately reducing morbidity in affected populations.
20) Village:
The term 'Village' refers to rural communities that often face unique challenges related to health, hygiene, and sanitation. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in village populations underscores the need for targeted health interventions tailored to rural settings and their specific socio-economic contexts.
21) Quality:
'Quality' usually refers to the standard of living, including access to clean water, sanitation, and education. The study stresses that improving the overall quality of life in populations can significantly reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections and related morbidity.
22) Andhra (Amdhra):
Andhra Pradesh is another Indian state highlighted in the study concerning the prevalence of parasitic infections. Including geographical regions like Andhra emphasizes the widespread nature of the problem across India, necessitating comprehensive public health strategies to combat parasitic diseases.
23) Bengal (Bemgal):
West Bengal, a state in India, is mentioned in relation to the prevalence of intestinal parasites. Its inclusion signifies the recommendations for public health interventions to address parasitic infections commonly affecting populations in various Indian states, including socio-economic and environmental factors.
24) Punjab:
Punjab is a state in India known for agricultural practices but also faces challenges related to intestinal parasitic infections. Addressing the prevalence of these infections in Punjab highlights the diverse socio-economic conditions that contribute to health issues across different regions.
25) Nausea:
'Nausea' is commonly associated with gastrointestinal disturbances caused by parasites. The symptoms, including nausea, highlight the need for awareness and prompt treatment of parasitic infections, which can impact general well-being and productivity in affected individuals.
26) Desire:
In the context of gastrointestinal parasitic infections, 'Desire' may refer to the constant craving for food, a symptom that may confuse individuals about the underlying health issues caused by these infections, thus emphasizing the importance of education regarding health conditions and their symptoms.
27) India:
India, as the focal point of the study, is essential for understanding the public health challenges posed by gastrointestinal parasitic infections. The high prevalence of these infections necessitates collaborative efforts to improve sanitation, health education, and treatment access across the nation.
28) Bihar:
Bihar is a state that faces significant public health challenges, including high rates of intestinal parasitic infections. Mentioning Bihar contextualizes the broader socio-economic and health disparities that contribute to the prevalence of these diseases across various regions in India.
29) Patel:
Patel represents authorship and contribution to research literature. The mention of Patel indicates collaborative efforts in addressing health issues related to parasitic infections, adding credibility to the study, as multiple researchers contribute to findings on public health matters.
30) Glass:
'Glass' refers to the clean glass vials used to collect stool samples for analysis. The use of proper materials for specimen collection is critical in ensuring accurate diagnostics and maintaining the integrity of samples for reliable research findings.
31) Fever:
Fever is a common symptom associated with many gastrointestinal infections, including those caused by parasites. Understanding fever as a presenting symptom underscores the importance of recognizing and treating intestinal parasitic infections promptly to mitigate health risks.
32) House:
The term 'House' signifies the individual living environment where the study participants reside. Housing conditions are closely linked to hygiene practices and socio-economic status, which play a significant role in the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections.
33) Tamil:
Tamil refers to the culture and language associated with the Tamil Nadu state in India. Mentioning Tamil emphasizes the importance of recognizing localized cultural practices that may impact health behaviors, community awareness, and the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections.
34) Worm:
The term 'Worm' conveys the singular form of various parasitic entities studied in the research, emphasizing the biological aspects of these pathogens, their life cycle, pathology, and the implications for human health and disease prevention strategies.
35) Nadu:
'Nadu' is part of 'Tamil Nadu', representing a geographical area that may influence health conditions. Mentioning it highlights regional health disparities and the socio-economic factors that can exacerbate the spread of intestinal parasitic infections.
36) Puri:
Puri, representing authorship in the study, signifies the collaborative nature of research in addressing public health issues. The inclusion of multiple authors like Puri conveys the necessity of interdisciplinary approaches in tackling infectious diseases, enhancing credibility and comprehensiveness.
37) Life:
'Life' encompasses the notion of human health and vitality, which is often disrupted by parasitic infections. Understanding the impact of these infections on daily life reinforces the need for effective public health interventions to restore and maintain quality of life.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Prevalence of intestinal parasites in Khurja's urban and rural areas.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Gastrointestinal Tract, Social awareness, Clean Environment, Public Health Problem, Stool examination, Environmental sanitation, Risk factor, Intestinal parasites, Helminthic infections, Urban and rural population, Poor Personal Hygiene, Chi-Squared Test, Nationwide Parasite Control Project, Prevalence analysis, Socio-economic indicators, Health culture, Socio-economic condition.