In-vitro anti- arthritic activity of methanolic extracts of allium sativum
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: In-vitro anti- arthritic activity of methanolic extracts of allium sativum
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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T. Kalpana, B. Chaitanya, P. Mounica, M. Rama Lakshmi, M. Sri Lekha and P. S. Sireesha
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: In-vitro anti- arthritic activity of methanolic extracts of allium sativum
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201816-13138
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
This study investigates the in-vitro anti-arthritic activity of methanolic extracts from Allium sativum, commonly known as garlic. Rheumatoid arthritis is a persistent inflammatory condition that often leads to joint damage and discomfort, necessitating effective treatment options. Traditional medications, such as NSAIDs and corticosteroids, typically offer temporary relief alongside potential side effects, highlighting a growing interest in alternative herbal remedies. Given their natural origins and lower side effects, plant-derived products have gained significance as viable alternatives in treating ailments, including rheumatoid arthritis.
Anti-Arthritic Activities of Allium sativum
The research utilizes two methods to evaluate the anti-arthritic potential of garlic: the Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) denaturation and Egg Albumin denaturation methods. Through these tests, the researchers compared the effects of garlic extracts to the standard drug, mefenamic acid. The results indicated that methanolic extracts of garlic significantly inhibited protein denaturation, which has been linked to the pathophysiology of arthritis. The findings suggest that the extracts exhibit a concentration-dependent activity, providing promising evidence toward their potential therapeutic role in managing arthritis.
Phytochemical Screening of Garlic Extracts
Phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extracts revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. These constituents are known for their medicinal properties and are believed to contribute to the observed anti-arthritic effects of garlic. The study emphasizes that the therapeutic potential of Allium sativum could be attributed to these phytochemicals, which may play a significant role in mitigating the denaturation of proteins associated with arthritis.
Comparative Efficacy of Garlic Extract and Mefenamic Acid
In this study, the anti-arthritic efficacy of Allium sativum extracts was found to surpass that of the standard drug, mefenamic acid, in several concentrations. For instance, at a concentration of 100 µg/ml, the inhibition percentage of protein denaturation by garlic extracts was notably higher than that of mefenamic acid. This finding emphasizes the need for further research on the mechanisms by which garlic exerts its effects, as well as its potential advantages over conventional medications in reducing side effects and improving patient outcomes.
Conclusion
The study confirms the promising anti-arthritic activity of methanolic extracts of Allium sativum, suggesting that garlic could serve as a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis. Given the increasing interest in herbal medicine as an alternative to conventional drugs, further investigations into the specific mechanisms and efficacy of garlic extracts in arthritis treatment are warranted. The findings underscore the potential of plant-derived products to provide effective solutions with reduced side effects, heralding a shift towards more natural treatment pathways in modern medicine.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the objective of the study on Allium sativum?
The study aimed to evaluate the in-vitro anti-arthritic activity of methanolic extracts of Allium sativum using bovine serum albumin and egg albumin denaturation methods.
What are the key phytochemicals found in Allium sativum?
Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and tannins in the methanolic extracts of Allium sativum.
What methods were used to evaluate anti-arthritic activity?
The in-vitro anti-arthritic activity was assessed using bovine serum albumin denaturation and egg albumin denaturation methods.
What was the control standard drug in the study?
Mefenamic acid was used as the standard drug to compare the anti-arthritic activity of Allium sativum extracts.
What were the results of the anti-arthritic activity?
The methanolic extracts of Allium sativum showed significant concentration-dependent anti-arthritic activity, outperforming mefenamic acid in some tests.
Why is there a need for alternative treatments for arthritis?
Standard arthritis treatments like NSAIDs and corticosteroids can have severe side effects, creating a need for long-acting drugs with fewer adverse effects.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “In-vitro anti- arthritic activity of methanolic extracts of allium sativum”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Allium sativum:
Allium sativum, commonly known as garlic, is a species in the onion family, Alliaceae. It is notable for its medicinal and culinary uses, possessing various health benefits including anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects, which are evaluated through scientific studies. This study examines its potential to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
2) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological effects or actions exhibited by a substance, particularly in a medicinal context. In this study, it highlights the anti-arthritic activity of methanolic extracts of Allium sativum, indicating the extract's ability to inhibit protein denaturation, a key factor in arthritis pathology.
3) Drug:
A drug is any substance that causes a physiological effect when introduced into the body. This study investigates the potential of Allium sativum extract as an alternative drug for rheumatoid arthritis treatment, aiming to discover effective therapies with fewer side effects than conventional drugs.
4) Kalpana:
Kalpana is the corresponding author of the study, serving as an Assistant Professor in Pharmacognosy at Avanthi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Her contributions include overseeing the research and analysis of the anti-arthritic properties of Allium sativum, highlighting the collective effort in scientific inquiry.
5) Disease:
A disease is an abnormal condition affecting the body, characterized by various symptoms and signs. This paper focuses on rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic inflammatory disease, illustrating the need for effective treatments addressing its complications and the adverse effects of existing medications.
6) Avanti (Avamti):
Avanthi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences is the academic institution where the research was conducted. It provides the necessary facilities and environment for scientific exploration, playing a critical role in educating future pharmaceutical professionals and conducting research that contributes to the field of pharmacology.
7) Science (Scientific):
Science is the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation. This study embodies scientific principles by employing rigorous methods to evaluate the pharmacological properties of Allium sativum, contributing to the broader understanding of herbal medicines.
8) India:
India is the country where the study was conducted and where Allium sativum is widely cultivated and utilized in traditional medicine. The research emphasizes the relevance of indigenous plants in providing alternative treatments for health conditions, exemplifying the integration of traditional knowledge with scientific validation.
9) Garlic:
Garlic, or Allium sativum, is a widely used culinary ingredient known for its health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. This study evaluates the methanolic extract of garlic for its potential anti-arthritic effects, supporting the use of natural products in disease management.
10) Table:
In the context of the study, 'Table' refers to the tabulated data presenting the experimental results. Tables summarize findings on the percentage inhibition of protein denaturation by Allium sativum extracts, providing a clear visual representation of the effectiveness of different concentrations in the study.
11) Study (Studying):
The study is a detailed investigation aiming to uncover the in-vitro anti-arthritic activity of Allium sativum extracts. It involves systematic experimentation, data collection, and analysis, contributing to scientific knowledge and potentially leading to the development of new therapeutic options for managing rheumatoid arthritis.
12) Rheumatoid arthritis:
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the joints, leading to pain and disability. The research focuses on finding effective alternatives to conventional treatments, addressing the need for safer and more effective medicinal options to manage this debilitating condition.
13) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plants that contribute to their medicinal properties. The study identifies the presence of various phytochemicals in Allium sativum, such as saponins and flavonoids, suggesting their role in the observed anti-arthritic activity and enhancing the extract's therapeutic potential.
14) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of phytochemicals known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Their presence in Allium sativum is significant, as this study suggests that flavonoids may contribute to the plant's ability to inhibit protein denaturation, elucidating their role in potential arthritis treatment.
15) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness. This research aims to uncover the medicinal properties of Allium sativum, potentially offering a natural therapeutic option for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, highlighting the role of herbs in modern medicine.
16) Family:
In botanical terms, 'family' refers to a taxonomic rank. Allium sativum belongs to the family Alliaceae. This classification underscores the plant's relationship with other species, contributing to understanding its properties and uses in traditional medicine as part of the larger ecosystem of herbal treatments.
17) Powder:
Powder refers to the grounded form of the garlic used in the preparation of extracts for this study. The process of drying and grinding the garlic cloves into powder facilitates the extraction of active compounds, crucial for testing their anti-arthritic properties in the experiments conducted.
18) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study of drug action and the interaction between drugs and living organisms. This research explores the pharmacological potential of Allium sativum extract, assessing its efficacy in inhibiting protein denaturation, thus contributing to its relevance as an anti-arthritic agent.
19) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Anti-bacterial refers to the properties of substances that inhibit the growth of bacteria. While the study focuses on anti-arthritic activity, the established anti-bacterial properties of Allium sativum further enhance its profile as a multi-functional plant, justifying its use in traditional medicine.
20) Discussion:
Discussion is a part of the research article where authors interpret the results and contextualize them within existing knowledge. This section reflects on the implications of the findings, such as the significance of the anti-arthritic effects of Allium sativum and comparisons with established treatments.
21) Toxicity:
Toxicity indicates the degree to which a substance can harm living organisms. In the context of this study, it emphasizes the need for alternative therapies that exhibit lower toxicity compared to conventional drugs, thereby highlighting the potential of Allium sativum as a safer treatment option for rheumatoid arthritis.
22) Lakshmi (Laksmi):
Lakshmi is one of the researchers involved in the study at Avanthi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Her contribution to the research signifies a collaborative effort in exploring the medicinal properties of Allium sativum, fostering a team-based approach to scientific inquiry in pharmacognosy.
23) Reason:
Reason refers to the justification or rationale behind conducting the research. This study seeks to explore alternative treatments for rheumatoid arthritis due to the limitations and side effects associated with standard drugs, emphasizing the importance of identifying safer, effective options derived from natural sources.
24) Lekha:
Lekha is another participant in this study, contributing to the collaborative research team at Avanthi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Her involvement showcases the collective effort in advancing scientific knowledge regarding the anti-arthritic potential of Allium sativum and herbal remedies.
25) Water:
Water is an essential component in the preparation of extracts and biological assays. In the study, distilled water is used as a control in protein denaturation tests to ensure accurate measurements of the anti-arthritic effect of Allium sativum extracts under controlled conditions.
26) Ulcer:
Ulcers are open sores that can occur in various parts of the body, often as a side effect of certain medications used in treating arthritis. This study addresses the concern of developing safer alternative treatments that minimize the risk of ulcer formation, highlighting the potential benefits of plant-based therapies.
27) Rama:
Rama is one of the co-authors of the study, reflecting the collaborative nature of the research team at Avanthi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Her participation underscores the importance of teamwork in scientific research, aiding in the exploration of the pharmacological effects of Allium sativum.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘In-vitro anti- arthritic activity of methanolic extracts of allium sativum’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Rheumatoid arthritis, Phytochemical screening, Antimicrobial activity, Standard drug, Extraction process, Analytical grade chemicals, Bovine serum albumin, Side effect.