In vitro antimicrobial screening of disinfectants on microbial strains.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: An invitro screening of anti microbial activity of selected disinfectants against selected microbial strains
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Vuchooru Gayathri, Sruthi Prathapan, Raja Kotagiri, Ravi Kumar Yerram, Naresh Suserla
Download the PDF file of the original publication
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: An invitro screening of anti microbial activity of selected disinfectants against selected microbial strains
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201818-13587
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Antimicrobial agents are substances that inhibit or kill microorganisms, categorized primarily into antibiotics, disinfectants, sterilants, and antiseptics. This study focuses specifically on disinfectants, which are chemicals used to eliminate or prevent microbial growth on inanimate surfaces, achieving effective results typically defined as a 99.999% reduction in microbial presence. The efficacy of these disinfectants is critical in pharmaceutical environments, where contamination risks must be meticulously managed. Through the use dilution method, the study evaluates the effectiveness of three commercial disinfectants—Protasan, Combatan, and Novocide—against selected microbial strains commonly found in pharmaceutical settings.
Importance of Disinfectant Efficacy
Efficacy testing is an essential aspect of disinfectant evaluation, particularly in pharmaceutical facilities. Factors influencing disinfectant efficacy include the type of microorganisms present, surface type, concentration, and contact time. The use dilution method serves as a key technique to assess the effectiveness of disinfectants by analyzing different concentrations and contact durations against targeted microbes. In this study, it was found that all three disinfectants exhibited an effective concentration of 2.5% and required a contact time of 10 minutes to achieve a significant log reduction (3 log or greater) across all tested microorganisms. This information is vital for ensuring proper disinfection protocols within pharmaceutical environments.
Disinfectant Classification and Modes of Action
Disinfectants can be classified based on their chemical composition (e.g., alcohols, aldehydes, halogens) or their effectiveness against different types of microorganisms. Additionally, disinfectants are categorized into high-level, intermediate-level, and low-level based on their efficacy against specific microbes, including spores. Understanding the modes of action is equally important, as these chemical agents function differently; for instance, alcohols disrupt cell membranes, while halogens oxidize cellular components. This deeper understanding allows for the appropriate selection and application of disinfectants tailored to specific contamination risks.
Conducting Efficacy Tests
The study outlines a detailed methodology for testing disinfectant efficacy through the use dilution method. It began with inoculum preparation, followed by disinfectant preparation at specified concentrations. The contact time and effect of each disinfectant on various microbial strains were rigorously tested, and the outcomes recorded. Positive and negative controls were included to validate results. The data generated provided a comprehensive overview of each disinfectant’s performance, revealing significant outcomes that inform further testing and application in real-world settings.
Conclusion
The research demonstrates the critical importance of disinfectant efficacy testing in pharmaceutical environments, highlighting that appropriate concentration and exposure time are crucial to achieving optimal results. The findings established that a concentration of 2.5% and a contact duration of 10 minutes effectively reduce microbial load across the tested strains, serving as a guideline for future disinfection protocols. As a next step, these results will inform the necessary hard surface carrier tests to validate the practical application of these disinfectants on various surfaces, reinforcing the practice of maintaining a sterile environment in critical industries.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are disinfectants and their primary purpose?
Disinfectants are chemicals used to inhibit or kill microbes on surfaces, aiming for the destruction of 99.999% of microorganisms on inanimate objects and floors.
How is disinfectant efficacy tested in pharmaceutical facilities?
Disinfectant efficacy is commonly tested using the use dilution method and hard surface carrier tests, evaluating concentration and contact time against selected microorganisms.
What active ingredients are found in the disinfectants tested?
The tested disinfectants Protasan, Combatan, and Novocide contain active ingredients like Benzalkonium Chloride, Polymeric Biguanide Hydrochloride, and Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride, among others.
What was the key finding regarding disinfectant concentrations?
The study found that a 2.5% concentration of disinfectants along with a 10-minute contact time effectively reduced microbial populations by more than 3 logs across tested microorganisms.
What types of microorganisms were tested for disinfectant efficacy?
The efficacy tests included various microorganisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans, alongside environmental isolates from the pharmaceutical facility.
What follow-up tests are planned after this study?
Following these findings, hard surface carrier tests will be conducted to confirm the efficacy of the disinfectants on different surface types commonly found in pharmaceutical settings.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “In vitro antimicrobial screening of disinfectants on microbial strains.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
Table refers to a structured arrangement of data or information, organized in rows and columns, typically used to display numerical results, parameters, or experimental outcomes clearly. In this context, tables present the composition of disinfectants, microbial efficacy testing results, and categorized information crucial for research and analysis.
2) Surface:
Surface signifies the outermost layer or boundary of an object or material. In the context of the study, it pertains to various materials in pharmaceutical facilities where disinfectants are applied. The effectiveness of disinfectants can vary according to the surface type, affecting antimicrobial activity.
3) Killing (Killed):
Killing denotes the action of causing the death of microorganisms, an essential purpose of disinfectants. The study emphasizes achieving a high log reduction in bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens, showcasing the efficacy of disinfectants in achieving required safety standards in pharmaceutical environments.
4) Activity:
Activity refers to the measurable response of antimicrobial agents against harmful organisms. In the context of disinfectants, it indicates how effectively the agents act to suppress or eliminate microbial growth, which is central to determining their efficacy during testing.
5) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotic refers to substances that can inhibit or destroy bacteria, primarily used in treating infections. The paper distinguishes between antibiotics and disinfectants, emphasizing that antibiotics work inside living organisms, while disinfectants target microbes on inanimate surfaces in pharmaceutical settings.
6) Substance:
Substance denotes a specific type of matter with distinctive properties. In the context of the research, it refers to the various chemical compounds present in disinfectants—each possessing unique antimicrobial characteristics necessary for evaluating their effectiveness in eliminating pathogens.
7) Relative:
Relative pertains to a comparative aspect, indicating how one element measures against another. In the study, it is used to describe relative strength, such as the effectiveness of a disinfectant compared to standard bactericidal agents, which provides insights into disinfectant performance.
8) Filling (Filled):
Filling describes the process of placing material into designated containers or areas, such as vials or tubes, often within pharmaceutical production. Proper disinfection of filling equipment and surfaces is crucial to prevent contamination and ensure product safety and integrity.
9) India:
India refers to the country where the research was conducted. Its significance lies in advancing pharmaceutical practices and developing effective disinfectants for maintaining hygiene standards within local pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities, ultimately contributing to public health.
10) Joda:
Joda refers to the name of the company, Jodas Expoim Pvt. Ltd., involved in the research. It signifies the collaboration between the organization and academic institutions to enhance pharmaceutical formulations and ensure adherence to quality standards in antimicrobial efficacy testing.
11) Wall:
Wall signifies the vertical structures within a pharmaceutical facility. These surfaces must be regularly disinfected to maintain a sterile environment, preventing contamination risks. Proper cleaning protocols on walls are critical for ensuring compliance with health and safety regulations in production areas.
12) Village:
Village indicates the localized setting of Karakapatla Village, part of the research’s geographic context. Understanding the local infrastructure and its role in supporting pharmaceutical advancements highlights the significance of rural areas in contributing to India's scientific and public health initiatives.
13) Quality:
Quality refers to the degree of excellence and compliance with standards. In the pharmaceutical context, maintaining quality is crucial for ensuring that disinfectants effectively meet required safety and efficacy parameters, thereby safeguarding public health and product safety.
14) Aureus:
Aureus refers to Staphylococcus aureus, a specific bacterial strain tested in the research. Its relevance lies in evaluating the disinfectants' effectiveness against a common and often resistant pathogen, essential for determining the overall antimicrobial action of the disinfectants being studied.
15) Mandal:
Mandal refers to a sub-district administrative region in India. The mention of Markook Mandal in the research's locality underlines the administrative structure supporting pharmaceutical operations and reflects the significance of local governance and public health initiatives on regional development.
16) Hand:
Hand denotes a crucial vector for microbial transmission. In the context of disinfectant efficacy, hand hygiene is vital for preventing infection spread in healthcare settings. This emphasizes the broader implications of disinfectant use beyond industrial applications to everyday health practices.
17) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the interpretation and analysis of research findings. It is critical for contextualizing results, assessing the implications of disinfectant efficacy, and fostering continued research in improving antimicrobial practices within pharmaceutical and healthcare environments.
18) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
Tamilnadu indicates the Indian state where VIT University is located, indicating the academic backdrop of the research. Understanding regional contributions to pharmaceutical developments highlights Tamilnadu's role in advancing pharmaceutical research and education in India.
19) Toxicity:
Toxicity reflects the potential adverse effects chemical substances might have on living organisms. In evaluating disinfectants, it is essential to ensure that their efficacy does not compromise safety for humans and the environment, making toxicity a key factor in product development.
20) Dividing:
Dividing pertains to the process of separating or categorizing elements for clarity in analysis or experimentation. This concept is important in differentiating between various antimicrobial agents, classifications of disinfectants, and their intended applications in pharmaceutical settings.
21) Incision:
Incision implies a surgical cut made for therapeutic purposes. While not directly related to disinfectants, maintaining sterile environments during surgical procedures is crucial for preventing infections, highlighting the relevance of effective disinfectants in medical applications.
22) Company:
Company signifies the organizational entity involved in the research (Jodas Expoim Pvt. Ltd.). It represents the partnership between industrial and academic institutions aimed at producing efficient disinfectant formulations targeting microbial strains in pharmaceutical manufacturing environments.
23) Nature:
Nature refers to the inherent characteristics and properties of substances. In the context of disinfectants, understanding the chemical nature is crucial for determining efficacy, desired action, and interaction with microbes, contributing to effective formulation development across diverse environments.
24) Fabric:
Fabric pertains to the materials used in the context of disinfectants, particularly regarding their compatibility with various surfaces during the efficacy testing. Assessing disinfectant interactions with fabric surfaces is important for ensuring no degradation occurs on materials during cleaning processes.
25) Kumar:
Kumar refers to Ravi Kumar Yerram, one of the authors of the research. His involvement signifies the collaborative efforts in the study, contributing to advancing knowledge in disinfectant efficacy and its applications in pharmaceutical and medical contexts.
26) Glass:
Glass indicates a common surface type tested in disinfectant efficacy studies. Its significance lies in understanding how different surface materials impact the antimicrobial properties of disinfectants, which is vital for developing cleaning protocols in laboratory and pharmaceutical settings.
27) Lemon:
Lemon, typically known for its antibacterial properties, is listed among antiseptics in the research. It highlights the natural agents that possess antimicrobial characteristics, enhancing the understanding of alternative disinfectants and their applications in different contexts.
28) Raja:
Raja refers to Raja Kotagiri, another author involved in the research. His participation emphasizes the collaborative nature of the study and the importance of interdisciplinary research efforts in enhancing pharmaceutical practices and disinfectant efficacy testing.
29) Ravi (Ravin):
Ravi refers to Ravi Kumar Yerram, one of the contributors to the research. His expertise signifies the collaborative effort in conducting the research on disinfectants, contributing to advancements in product effectiveness for pharmaceutical applications.
30) Pune:
Pune refers to the city in Maharashtra, India, where specific microbial culture ATCC equivalents were procured. This signifies the importance of dependable sourcing for research and highlights the regional support for microbial studies critical to the pharmaceutical industry.
31) Life:
Life refers to the biological aspect that antimicrobial agents target, implying that the study seeks to inhibit microbial growth without harming human or environmental health. This dual focus encompasses both efficacy in application and safety considerations.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘In vitro antimicrobial screening of disinfectants on microbial strains.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Surgical instrument, Hard surface, Antiseptic, Contact time, Microbial strains, Effective concentration, Low-level disinfectants, Environmental isolates, Residual activity, Application temperature, Chemical agent, Disinfectant.