Molecular interactions in sodium salt of 4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoate
an ultrasonic study
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Molecular interactions in solutions of sodium salt of 4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoic acid
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: an ultrasonic study
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Pravin J. Ganjare, Sunanda S. Aswale and Shashikant R. Aswale
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Molecular interactions in solutions of sodium salt of 4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoic acid
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20171-7554
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
1) Introduction
The study conducted by Pravin J. Ganjare and colleagues examines the molecular interactions in solutions of sodium salt of 4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoic acid using ultrasonic methods. The research measures ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity in ternary mixtures of the salt with water and ethanol at varying concentrations and temperatures (298K, 303K, and 308K). By analyzing these acoustical parameters, researchers aim to elucidate the interactions between solute and solvent molecules, particularly focusing on the hydrogen bonding that might occur in these systems.
2) Ultrasonic Velocity and Molecular Interactions
One of the significant findings of this study is the relationship between ultrasonic velocity and molecular interactions. The study found that as the concentration of sodium-4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoic acid increased, ultrasonic velocity generally increased as well, though not consistently across all concentrations tested. This variation in velocity serves as an indicator of the strength of interaction between solute and solvent molecules, where the minimum velocity corresponds to the weakest interactions. Overall, the increase in ultrasonic velocity with concentration suggests enhanced solute-solvent interactions, as solute molecules may be forming complex interactions with alcohol and water through polar attraction.
3) Acoustical Properties: Compressibility and Free Length
Another crucial aspect of the study is the examination of adiabatic compressibility and free length of the solutions. The results indicated a decrease in adiabatic compressibility with increasing molarity of the sodium salt, implying a greater number of compressible molecules within the solution. Additionally, free length, which represents the average distance between the surfaces of adjacent molecules, exhibited a trend similar to compressibility, signifying strong molecular interactions as concentration increased. The study thus emphasizes that compressibility and free length are critical parameters for understanding the molecular dynamics and interaction strength within these solutions.
4) Conductivity and Relaxation Time
The research also highlighted the relationship between concentration and the electrical properties of the solutions, specifically conductivity and equivalent conductance. As the concentration of sodium salt increased, equivalent conductance decreased, indicating a degree of loosening of the solvent structure due to solute introduction. Furthermore, acoustic relaxation time decreased with increased concentration, which is directly proportional to both adiabatic compressibility and viscosity. This relationship indicates changes in the solvent dynamics and suggests that molecular interactions may be significantly affecting the behavior of the solutions.
5) Conclusion
In conclusion, the study presents comprehensive insights into the molecular interactions of sodium-4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoic acid in alcohol-water mixtures. The results demonstrate that the interactions between solute and solvent are characterized by various acoustical parameters, including ultrasonic velocity, adiabatic compressibility, and relaxation time. These findings collectively highlight the complexity of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions in the studied system, suggesting that the overall molecular dynamics are influenced by polar nature and hydrogen bonding within the solution. The study lays the groundwork for future investigations into the behavior of similar pharmaceutical compounds in mixed solvents.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the focus of the study on sodium-4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoic acid?
The study focused on understanding molecular interactions in sodium-4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoic acid solutions in 50% alcohol. It examined various acoustical parameters at different concentrations and temperatures using ultrasonic velocity measurements.
What methods were used to measure ultrasonic properties in the study?
Ultrasonic velocity was measured using an ultrasonic interferometer at 4MHz. Viscosity was determined using Ostwald's viscometer, and density was measured with a digital densitometer.
How did temperature affect the acoustical parameters in the solutions?
The study noted variations in ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity with temperature changes (298K, 303K, and 308K) affecting molecular interactions and relationships between solute and solvent.
What are some key acoustical parameters calculated in the research?
Key acoustical parameters include adiabatic compressibility, free length, specific acoustic impedance, Rao’s constant, and Wada’s constant, which helped in understanding molecular interactions.
What type of interactions were observed in the ternary solutions?
Strong solute-solvent interactions were observed, likely due to hydrogen bonding between 4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoic acid, water, and ethanol molecules, suggesting a significant association.
What conclusion was drawn about sodium-4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoic acid interactions?
The study concluded that sodium-4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoic acid exhibits both solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions, influenced by electrostatic fields and dipole attractions in the solution.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Molecular interactions in sodium salt of 4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoate”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
In the context of this study, a table presents numerical data systematically, displaying various experimental values and results like density, viscosity, and acoustic parameters related to sodium salt of 4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoic acid. Tables facilitate comparison and analysis of these acoustical results at different concentrations and temperatures.
2) Water:
Water is a polar solvent crucial in the study as it interacts with the sodium salt of 4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoic acid and ethanol. It affects solubility, molecular interactions, and the overall physicochemical properties of the ternary mixtures. Understanding these interactions is essential to elucidate solute-solvent dynamics.
3) Relative:
Relative association in this research refers to how the concentration of solute influences the overall interaction between solute and solvent. It helps gauge the extent of molecular interactions in liquid mixtures, showing how solute presence changes the solvent's structural arrangement and dynamics.
4) Nature:
The word 'nature' pertains to the intrinsic characteristics and behaviors of molecular interactions in the experimental solutions. Understanding the 'nature' of these interactions is vital for predicting solubility and reactivity in pharmaceutical applications, particularly how the molecules behave in mixed solvent systems.
5) Study (Studying):
This investigation focuses on the ultrasonic study of molecular interactions within sodium salt of 4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoic acid solutions. The term 'study' encapsulates the systematic approach taken to evaluate acoustic properties, applying scientific methods for analyzing physical phenomena in solution chemistry.
6) Salt (Salty):
Sodium salt of 4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoic acid is the solute in this investigation. Its properties and interactions with solvents provide insights into solubility and molecular behavior in liquid systems. Understanding its behavior is crucial in medical applications, particularly in drug formulation and delivery systems.
7) Yavatmal:
Yavatmal refers to the district in Maharashtra, India, where the study's affiliated researchers conduct their work. The geographic context may also influence the availability of materials or local research collaborations, emphasizing regional contributions to pharmaceutical science and molecular interaction studies.
8) Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis is a significant infectious disease that is treated with antibiotics, among which the 4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoic acid sodium salt has historical relevance. Understanding its molecular interactions is critical for developing effective treatment strategies, demonstrating the connection between chemical properties and therapeutic efficacy.
9) Salvation:
In this context, 'salvation' refers to the solvation process, where solvent molecules surround and interact with solute ions or molecules. Studying solvation dynamics and their impact on molecular interactions is vital for predicting how compounds behave in solution and their potential biological effects.
10) Amravati:
Amravati is another district in Maharashtra associated with the academic affiliations of one of the study's authors. Its mention highlights the broader academic collaboration and resources potentially available in the region, which supports research endeavors in pharmaceutical and chemical sciences.
11) New Delhi:
New Delhi is the location of the ultrasonic interferometer's manufacturer mentioned in the study. The reference to New Delhi indicates the significance of modern instrumentation in conducting ultrasonic studies, demonstrating the importance of precise measurement technologies in chemical research.
12) Measurement:
Measurement in this research refers to the quantification of physical properties like ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity. Accurate measurements are critical for calculating various acoustical parameters and understanding the behavior and interactions among the molecules in the studied solutions.
13) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotics are substances that inhibit bacterial growth and are pivotal in treating infections such as tuberculosis. This study's context highlights how understanding molecular interactions in the salt of 4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoic acid could inform antibiotic effectiveness and formulation strategies in pharmaceutical science.
14) Sunanda (Su-nanda, Sunamda):
Sunanda S. Aswale, one of the authors, represents the collaborative efforts in academia. The inclusion of her name underscores the teamwork essential in scientific research, highlighting the diverse expertise involved in conducting the ultrasonic study and interpreting its results.
15) Surface:
The term surface, within this study, relates to the interface where solute and solvent molecules interact. Understanding surface interactions can shed light on the molecular dynamics within solutions, including how substitutions affect solute behavior in liquid environments, influencing solubility and reactivity.
16) Medium:
The term 'medium' refers to the environment in which molecular interactions occur, specifically the ternary mixture of sodium salt of 4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoic acid, water, and ethanol. The properties of the medium are essential for understanding solvation and acoustic parameter behavior in chemical solutions.
17) Delhi:
The reference to Delhi highlights the location of Mittal Enterprises, the manufacturer of the ultrasonic interferometer used in the study. Access to advanced technological equipment from metropolitan areas may facilitate high-quality research, showcasing the connection between infrastructure and scientific development.
18) Tilak:
Lokmanya Tilak Mahavidyalaya is associated with one of the authors and signifies the academic institution's role in enabling scientific research. This reference underscores the collaboration between educational institutions and research, fostering knowledge generation in pharmaceutical sciences and related fields.