Formulation and evaluation of toothpaste by using eggshells

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Formulation and evaluation of toothpaste by using eggshells
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

Gaurav Balu Dafal and Navin K. Khare


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Formulation and evaluation of toothpaste by using eggshells

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20172-6975


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Toothpaste is defined as a dentifrice that exists in a semisolid, homogeneous mass containing various ingredients that support oral health. The formulation of effective toothpaste requires the inclusion of essential components, such as abrasives, humectants, binding agents, and surface active agents. The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of toothpaste using eggshell powder as an abrasive. Eggshells, which are rich in bioavailable calcium, offer potential benefits for oral health, particularly in treating dental caries and hypersensitivity.

Nutritional Significance of Eggshells

Eggshells are an excellent source of calcium, offering approximately 750-800 mg of elemental calcium per medium-sized eggshell. In addition to calcium, eggshells contain trace minerals such as magnesium, copper, and zinc, making them beneficial for maintaining bone and dental health. The composition of eggshells closely resembles that of human bones and teeth, underscoring their potential efficacy in toothpaste formulations aimed at improving oral health. This makeup allows for easier digestion and absorption of calcium by the body, which is crucial for individuals with conditions such as osteoporosis.

Formulation of Toothpaste

The study describes the preparation of toothpaste using eggshell powder alongside several other ingredients. The formulations (F1, F2, and F3) were created using varying ratios of binder materials, specifically gum tragacanth and xanthan gum. Each formulation underwent comprehensive evaluations concerning their pH, fineness, foaming power, spreadability, and the presence of sharp-edged abrasive particles. Among the three formulations, F3 emerged as the most suitable option, exhibiting a balanced pH of 7.6, optimal spreadability, and a smooth texture without sharp particles.

Evaluation Parameters and Results

The evaluation of the prepared toothpaste included multiple tests to ensure quality and efficacy. The pH levels of the formulations were found to be within acceptable ranges, with F3 formulation specifically showing low presence of hard and sharp abrasive particles, contributing to its overall safety and effectiveness. Foaming power and spreadability tests confirmed that F3 also met the standard values set for commercial toothpaste. These results indicate that eggshell-based toothpaste can be a viable alternative to conventional formulations.

Conclusion

The successful formulation and evaluation of toothpaste utilizing eggshell powder highlight its potential as a beneficial oral health product. With its high calcium content and similarity in composition to human teeth and bones, eggshell-based toothpaste offers therapeutic promises, particularly in treating dental caries and hypersensitivity. While various commercial products exist, the study suggests that eggshell toothpaste might be both effective and economical. Further clinical trials are recommended to substantiate these claims and explore the full potential of eggshells in dental health.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the purpose of eggshell powder in toothpaste formulations?

Eggshell powder is used as an abrasive in toothpaste. It is beneficial for dental health due to its high bio-available calcium content, which aids in the remineralization of enamel and can assist in treating dental caries and tooth hypersensitivity.

How is eggshell powder prepared for use in toothpaste?

Eggshells are collected, cleaned in distilled water, dried, crushed using a mortar and pestle, and finally sieved to produce a fine powder suitable for incorporation into toothpaste formulations.

What are the key ingredients in the toothpaste formulations studied?

The toothpaste formulations include eggshell powder (abrasive), glycerol (humectant), sodium lauryl sulfate (surfactant), binders like gum tragacanth and xanthan gum, sweetener sodium saccharine, peppermint oil (flavor), and water.

What parameters are used to evaluate the toothpaste formulations?

Toothpaste formulations are evaluated based on pH, presence of hard particles, fineness, foaming power, spreadability, and tube extrudability to ensure they meet quality standards.

Which formulation was identified as the most suitable for use?

Formulation F3 was found to be the most suitable, conforming to all statutory specifications and exhibiting optimal efficacy in the evaluated parameters.

What potential benefits does eggshell-based toothpaste offer?

Eggshell-based toothpaste may be effective in treating dental issues like caries and hypersensitivity, mainly due to its calcium content, making it a promising and economical oral care product.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Formulation and evaluation of toothpaste by using eggshells”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Powder:
In the context of the research, 'powder' refers to the finely ground form of eggshells used as an abrasive in toothpaste formulation. The eggshell powder is notable for its high bioavailability of calcium, making it a suitable ingredient for maintaining oral health. Its texture contributes to the toothpaste’s effectiveness in removing plaque and promoting dental hygiene.

2) Water:
Water is a crucial vehicle in the toothpaste formulation process, acting as a solvent for other ingredients. It helps in achieving the desired consistency and aids in the mixing of components such as humectants and abrasives. Additionally, water is essential in various evaluation tests of the toothpaste, such as determining pH and foaming power.

3) Glass:
Glass refers to the material used for laboratory beakers and measuring cylinders in the evaluation process. Its clear nature allows researchers to observe the mixing and dispersion of the toothpaste, as well as accurately measure quantities during experiments. Glass is chosen for its chemical inertness, ensuring it does not react with the components of the toothpaste.

4) Surface:
The term 'surface' in this research relates to the interface between the abrasive particles in the toothpaste and the teeth. The surface characteristics of the eggshell powder are significant, affecting its abrasiveness and cleaning efficiency. A smooth surface is preferred to minimize potential damage to tooth enamel during brushing.

5) Substance:
Substance denotes any of the individual components that make up the toothpaste formulation. Each substance, whether an abrasive, humectant, surfactant, or flavoring agent, plays a specific role in achieving the product's overall effectiveness. The interactions between these substances are crucial for the toothpaste's performance in oral health maintenance.

6) Container:
Containers are storage vessels for the toothpaste, ensuring it remains sanitary and accessible for use. The choice of container affects product stability and usability, as it must allow for easy dispensing without contamination. An airtight container is essential to prevent moisture absorption and maintain the effectiveness of the active ingredients.

7) Nature:
Nature refers to the inherent properties of the materials used, such as the biological origin of eggshells. The natural origins of the ingredients imply that they are safe and potentially beneficial for human health. Understanding the nature of these materials enhances the formulation process, taking advantage of their beneficial properties.

8) Table:
In the context of the research, 'table' refers to the tabulated data presented for clarity, such as formulation composition and evaluation results. Tables organize information, making it easier to compare different formulations and their respective properties. This structured presentation aids in the analysis and decision-making process during research.

9) Calculation:
Calculation involves the quantification of results obtained from various tests and experiments. Accurate calculations of parameters, such as pH, fineness, and foaming power, are critical for assessing the quality of the toothpaste formulations. This mathematical aspect ensures reliability and consistency in interpreting data during the formulation evaluation.

10) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section in the research where results are analyzed and interpreted. It offers insights into how the various formulation components function together and their implications for dental health. A thorough discussion allows researchers to highlight the significance of their findings and propose future applications or improvements.

11) Mineral:
Minerals, particularly calcium and other trace elements, are essential components derived from eggshells. They contribute to the remineralization of tooth enamel, playing a vital role in oral health. The presence of these minerals in the toothpaste supports its efficacy in treating dental caries and tooth sensitivity.

12) Science (Scientific):
Science represents the systematic study employed to understand and develop effective toothpaste formulations. It encompasses various fields, including chemistry and pharmacology, allowing for the application of scientific principles to improve dental care products. This research exemplifies the intersection of traditional knowledge and modern scientific methods.

13) Medium:
Medium refers to the physical state or environment in which the toothpaste is formulated and tested. It signifies the importance of achieving the right texture and consistency for effective application. The medium must facilitate the interaction of all components to ensure optimal performance in real-world usage.

14) India:
India is the geographical context of this research, emphasizing the local relevance of developing economically viable and effective dental care products. India’s population indicates a significant potential market for innovative toothpaste formulations that utilize readily available materials, like eggshells, addressing unique dental health challenges faced by its citizens.

15) Patil:
Patil refers to the name of the institute associated with the authors of the research. This highlights the academic pedigree of the work, indicating that it was conducted under an institution known for its pharmaceutical sciences. The affiliation reflects the credibility and authority behind the research findings.

16) Pune:
Pune is the city in India where the research was conducted. Its mention situates the study within a specific cultural and educational environment known for its growing pharmaceutical industry. This local context may influence the types of materials available and the dental health needs addressed by the research.

17) Measurement:
Measurement pertains to the precise quantification of various factors during the formulation and evaluation of toothpaste. Accurate measurement is fundamental to ensure that each ingredient is added in the correct proportion, maintaining consistency in quality and efficacy across different batches of the product.

18) Collecting:
Collecting refers to the process of gathering raw materials, such as eggshells, for the formulation of the toothpaste. The efficiency and method of collecting materials impact the quality and quantity available for use. Proper collection practices ensure that the raw materials are clean and suitable for processing into the final product.

19) Coral:
Coral is mentioned as a comparison to the eggshells as a source of calcium. It emphasizes the importance of utilizing natural and sustainable resources in health products. The reference suggests that while corals can be a source of calcium, the eggshells used in the study are more easily accessible and environmentally friendly.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Formulation and evaluation of toothpaste by using eggshells’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Gum tragacanth, Dental caries, Particle size analysis, Calcium, Distilled water, PH Test, Remineralization, Spreadability, Evaluation parameter, TOOTH HYPERSENSITIVITY, Materials and method.

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