Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel pyridine, pyrimidine derivatives.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Synthesis, antimicrobial activities of some novel pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:
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Vinod Tukarama, Ketan Ganurea, Sheshikant B. U.b and K. S. Lohara
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Synthesis, antimicrobial activities of some novel pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20173-7793
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The research conducted by Vinod Tukaram et al. focuses on the synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of novel heterocyclic compounds, specifically those containing pyrazole, quinoline, and pyridine moieties. The primary aim of the study was to develop new antimicrobial agents and deepen understanding of the biological activities associated with these compounds. The description of the synthesis processes and the biological testing methods used in this research sets the stage for the investigation of these compounds, highlighting the growing importance of heterocyclic compounds in medicinal chemistry due to their diverse pharmacological properties.
Antimicrobial Activity of Compounds
One of the significant findings of this study pertains to the antimicrobial efficacy of the synthesized compounds. The compounds synthesized include 2-amino-4-(substituted)-6-phenylnicotinonitriles, 4-(substituted)-6-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-amines, and 5-(substituted)-7-phenylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dithiones. The antibacterial activity was screened against various bacteria, including B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus, while antifungal tests were conducted against A. flavus and A. niger. Notably, certain compounds demonstrated significant activity, with 4a, 4b, and 5a showing promising antibacterial effects against P. aeruginosa and others like 4b, 5a, and 5c being effective against A. niger.
Synthesis of Novel Compounds
The synthesis of the compounds was conducted through various chemical reactions utilizing commercially available reagents. The general methodologies included heating, refluxing, and cyclocondensation reactions that led to the formation of the target heterocyclic structures. The study details the steps for creating different precursor compounds followed by specific transformations to yield the final products. Various analytical techniques, such as thin layer chromatography, spectroscopic analysis (IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry), were employed to confirm the structure and purity of the synthesized compounds, verifying their success in synthesis.
Importance of Heterocyclic Compounds
The paper underscores the significance of heterocyclic compounds in modern medicinal chemistry, particularly those containing nitrogenous rings such as pyrimidine and pyrazole. These compounds have been recognized for their capacity to exhibit various biological activities, including antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor properties. By examining the biosynthetic potential of these derivatives, the research aims to contribute to the ongoing quest for new drugs that can tackle antibiotic resistance and other health challenges. The findings indicate that composing heterocyclic systems could open avenues toward novel therapeutic agents with enhanced efficacy and specificity.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study successfully synthesized novel 4-substituted-6-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-amines and 5-substituted-7-phenylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dithiones, which exhibited promising antimicrobial activity. The results suggest that such compounds may help in the discovery of new classes of bioactive molecules with therapeutic potential. The research not only furthers the understanding of the biological impact of these heterocycles but also illustrates their implications in the development of antimicrobial agents for treating various infections. The collaborative efforts among various academic institutions reflect a shared commitment to exploring the medicinal chemistry field's frontiers.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the aim of the synthesis in this research?
The primary aim was to develop antimicrobial active compounds through the synthesis and investigation of heterocyclic compounds containing moieties like pyrazole, quinoline, and salicyaldehyde, linked to various heterocyclic systems.
Which compounds were synthesized in this study?
New compounds synthesized include 2-amino-4-(substituted)-6-phenylnicotinonitriles, 4-(substituted)-6-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-amines, and 5-(substituted)-7-phenylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dithiones.
How was the structure of synthesized compounds determined?
The structures of the synthesized compounds were deduced through elemental analysis and spectral data, including infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS).
What method was used to test antimicrobial activity?
Antimicrobial activity was tested using the cup plate method against bacteria and fungi, comparing the results with standard drugs like Gentamicin and Fluconazole.
Which compounds showed promising antibacterial activity?
Compounds 4a, 4b, and 5a demonstrated promising antibacterial activity against P. Aeruginosa, while other compounds showed varied effectiveness against different bacterial strains.
What significance do heterocyclic compounds have in medicinal chemistry?
Heterocyclic compounds are crucial in medicinal chemistry due to their wide-ranging biological activities, including antimicrobial, antitubercular, and antioxidant properties.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel pyridine, pyrimidine derivatives.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
The term 'activity' refers to the biological effectiveness of synthesized compounds, particularly in the context of their antimicrobial properties. In this study, the activity of various heterocyclic compounds was evaluated against bacterial and fungal strains to assess their potential as new antimicrobial agents.
2) Water:
Water is often used as a solvent in chemical synthesis and purification processes. In the outlined synthesis procedures, water is utilized to facilitate the washing and recrystallization of compounds, which helps to obtain pure substances free from impurities or side products.
3) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to the capability of a substance to inhibit the growth of bacteria or kill them entirely. The study investigates the antibacterial properties of newly synthesized compounds, determining their effectiveness against various bacterial strains, which is crucial for developing new antibiotics.
4) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a state in India where significant research, including the synthesis of novel compounds in medicinal chemistry, is conducted. The institutions referenced in the study are located in Maharashtra, highlighting the state's role in advancing pharmaceutical research and education.
5) Shri (Sri, Sr):
The word 'Shri' is an honorific used in India to denote respect. In academic publications, it may precede the names of institutions or notable figures, emphasizing the cultural context of the research and acknowledging the contributions of individuals and organizations involved in the study.
6) Karnataka:
Karnataka is another state in India, home to one of the research institutions mentioned in the study. The presence of different institutions in Karnataka indicates collaboration across geographical regions in the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds and the advancement of pharmaceutical research.
7) Krishna (Krsna):
Krishna, referring to Shri Krishna Mahavidyalaya, is a specific institution noted in the research. The institution plays a key role in the education and training of students in the field of chemistry, contributing to research efforts in synthesizing medicinal compounds.
8) India:
India is the country where the research was conducted and serves as a hub for pharmaceutical innovation. The geographical and cultural context of India is integral in understanding the development, synthesis, and potential applications of antimicrobial compounds within the study.
9) Table:
In the context of the research, tables are used to present organized data effectively. The study includes tables detailing the physical and spectral data of the synthesized compounds, facilitating clear comparisons and visual representation of the research findings.
10) Aureus:
Aureus refers to Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterial strain mentioned in the study. It is important to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of synthesized compounds against this pathogen, as it is a common cause of infections and is often resistant to many antibiotics.
11) Drug:
The term 'drug' relates to substances utilized to prevent or treat diseases. The novel compounds developed and studied in this research aim to advance the discovery of new drugs, particularly those with antimicrobial properties, which are vital in addressing drug resistance.
12) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the effects and mechanisms of drugs and their interactions within biological systems. Understanding the pharmacological properties of synthesized compounds helps in assessing their potential therapeutic benefits and actions against various diseases, including infections.
13) Purification:
Purification is a critical process in chemistry, used to isolate and obtain compounds in their pure form. In the study, purification methods such as recrystallization and washing with water help remove impurities, ensuring that the biological activities tested are attributed to the target compounds.
14) Measurement:
Measurement refers to the process of quantifying or assessing properties, such as chemical structure and biological activity. Accurate measurement is essential in experimental research to ensure the validity of results regarding the efficacy of synthesized compounds against microbial strains.
15) Discussion:
Discussion is a critical part of scientific research where findings are interpreted and contextualized within existing literature. In this study, the discussion section would analyze the implications of antimicrobial activity results and their significance in developing new compounds.
16) Purity:
Purity indicates the absence of contaminants in a substance. It is vital for defining the efficacy of synthesized compounds in biological tests, as impurities can affect results. The synthesis protocols in the study include methods to ensure high purity of the final compounds.
17) Nature:
Nature refers to the inherent qualities of substances, including their chemical and biological characteristics. Understanding the nature of the synthesized compounds is crucial in assessing their potential applications and biological activities, particularly in the development of new antimicrobial agents.
18) Indian:
Indian pertains to anything related to India, including its research contributions to global pharmaceutical sciences. The research conducted by Indian institutions underlines the country's role in advancing antimicrobial drug discovery, reflecting local strengths in scientific research.
19) Madra:
Madra likely refers to 'Madras', a city in India known for its educational and research institutions. Although 'Madra' itself is not explicitly defined, institutions in this region contribute significantly to scientific advancements in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology.
20) Patil:
The name 'Patil' refers to Shri Madhavrao Patil Mahavidyalaya mentioned in the study, which collaborates in research efforts. The institution contributes to the academic and educational framework necessary for conducting studies in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.
21) Field:
Field refers to the area of study or discipline, which in this context is medicinal chemistry and pharmacological research. The designated field is vital for developing compounds with biological activity and understanding their implications for treating diseases.
22) Pur:
Poor indicates less effective or inadequate results in the context of antimicrobial activity. In the study, compounds that showed poor activity against strains compared to standard drugs highlight the need for further research and optimization in the development of more potent antimicrobial agents.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel pyridine, pyrimidine derivatives.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Antimicrobial activity, Zone of inhibition, Biological Activity, Biological activities, Elemental analysis.