In vitro anti inflammatory activity of stem of zanthoxylum rhetsa (roxb.) dc.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: In vitro anti inflammatory activity of stem of zanthoxylum rhetsa (roxb.) dc.
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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S. Parthiban, K. Gopalasathees Kumar, T. Boopathi, G. Sangeetha, M. Thanga Kokila and V. Sanish Devan
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: In vitro anti inflammatory activity of stem of zanthoxylum rhetsa (roxb.) dc.
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20173-7779
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study investigates the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the stem of Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC, a medicinal plant revered in Ayurvedic medicine for its therapeutic properties. Phytochemical analysis identified a range of bioactive compounds in the plant's stem, including flavonoids and glycosides, which are known for their significant anti-inflammatory effects. The research focuses on employing protein denaturation and Human Red Blood Cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization methods to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of various extracts derived from the stem of Zanthoxylum rhetsa.
Protein Denaturation and Its Impact
Protein denaturation is a critical factor in inflammation and several related conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis. The study employs a method that measures the inhibition of denaturation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of the extracts. Significant findings reveal that ethanol and aqueous extracts of the stem inhibit protein denaturation in a concentration-dependent manner, with the ethanol extract showing up to 56% inhibition at the highest concentration tested (100 µg/ml). This highlights the potential of Zanthoxylum rhetsa as a source of natural anti-inflammatory agents.
HRBC Membrane Stabilization Method
Another focal point of the research involves the HRBC membrane stabilization method to evaluate the protective effects of the extracts on cell membranes during inflammatory conditions. The results indicated that both ethanol and aqueous extracts exhibited substantial inhibition of hemolysis, demonstrating their capacity to stabilize the HRBC membrane under thermal stress. The ethanol extract produced a maximum of 74% inhibition, further confirming its effectiveness. These findings underscore the extracts' potential to protect red blood cells, suggesting their broader applicability in addressing inflammatory responses.
Phytochemical Analysis and Active Constituents
A thorough phytochemical analysis was conducted to ascertain the presence of active constituents within Zanthoxylum rhetsa. The investigation revealed a variety of compounds, including flavonoids, glycosides, volatile oils, and triterpenoids, among others. These constituents are linked to various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory properties. The positive identification of these compounds forms the foundation for exploring Zanthoxylum rhetsa as a candidate for the development of new anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the research highlights the significant anti-inflammatory potential of Zanthoxylum rhetsa stem extracts through in vitro assays, emphasizing its relevance in traditional medicine. The presence of various bioactive compounds in the plant underscores its promise as a source for natural anti-inflammatory agents. These findings advocate for further exploration and potential application of active constituents from Zanthoxylum rhetsa in treating inflammation-related ailments, supporting its historical use in Ayurvedic practices.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main focus of the research on Zanthoxylum rhetsa?
The research aims to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Zanthoxylum rhetsa stem extracts using methods like protein denaturation and HRBC membrane stabilization.
What compounds are found in Zanthoxylum rhetsa stem extracts?
Phytochemical analysis revealed compounds including flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, amino acids, and triterpenoids, which are associated with anti-inflammatory properties.
How was the anti-inflammatory activity measured in the study?
Anti-inflammatory activity was measured using protein denaturation and HRBC membrane stabilization methods where the extracts were tested at different concentrations.
What were the results regarding the anti-inflammatory activity?
The ethanol extract demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity, achieving 56% inhibition at 100µg/ml concentration, while the standard aspirin achieved 72% inhibition.
How were the stem extracts of Zanthoxylum rhetsa prepared?
The stem extracts were prepared using maceration and Soxhlet extraction with solvents of varying polarities like benzene, alcohol, and aqueous solutions.
What is the significance of Zanthoxylum rhetsa in traditional medicine?
Zanthoxylum rhetsa has a long history of use in traditional medicine for treating various ailments such as respiratory and cardiac issues, and as a diuretic.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “In vitro anti inflammatory activity of stem of zanthoxylum rhetsa (roxb.) dc.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological functions or roles that compounds or extracts from plants exhibit. In this study, it specifically relates to the anti-inflammatory activity demonstrated by the stem extracts of Zanthoxylum rhetsa when tested in vitro, which is significant for therapeutic applications in medicine.
2) India:
India is a country rich in biodiversity and traditional knowledge, particularly concerning medicinal plants. Zanthoxylum rhetsa, the subject of this study, is native to India where it is used in Ayurvedic medicine, highlighting India's cultural and medicinal heritage rooted in the use of natural remedies.
3) Blood:
Blood, specifically human red blood cells (HRBC), is crucial for the pharmacological evaluation in this study, as the HRBC membrane stabilization method serves to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of plant extracts. The protection of HRBC from hemolysis indicates possible therapeutic benefits against inflammation.
4) Drug:
Drug refers to substances intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of diseases. In this context, the study highlights the evaluation of natural extracts as potential drugs for their anti-inflammatory properties, comparing their efficacy to standard anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin.
5) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
Tamilnadu is a state in southern India renowned for its rich flora and traditional medicine practices. The research on Zanthoxylum rhetsa conducted in Tamilnadu emphasizes the local significance of indigenous plants in pharmacology and therapeutic applications, thus linking regional biodiversity to health benefits.
6) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a diverse group of plant metabolites known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The study focuses on how the presence of flavonoids in Zanthoxylum rhetsa contributes to its therapeutic potential, reinforcing their importance in herbal medicine and phytochemistry.
7) Powder:
Powder in this study refers to the dried form of the stem of Zanthoxylum rhetsa that was prepared for extraction. The process of powdering enhances the surface area of plant material, facilitating the effective extraction of bioactive compounds for subsequent pharmacological testing.
8) Water:
Water serves as a solvent in both the extraction and testing processes of plant materials. In pharmacological studies, aqueous extracts can reveal the bioactive compounds soluble in water, which may offer additional insights into the compound's medicinal efficacy and their role in traditional remedies.
9) Table:
Table refers to the organized presentation of data collected during the study. Tables in research findings synthesize complex information, such as anti-inflammatory activities and extract compositions, making them accessible for comparison and analysis among different treatments and methodologies in the research.
10) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds obtained from plants, contributing essential health benefits. This research evaluates the phytochemical profile of Zanthoxylum rhetsa, including flavonoids and glycosides, which are believed to be responsible for its anti-inflammatory effects, thus emphasizing the significance of plant chemistry in medicine.
11) Medicine:
Medicine refers to the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. This study on Zanthoxylum rhetsa presents an intersection of traditional herbal practices with modern scientific validation of medicinal properties, thereby contributing to the body of knowledge within pharmacological sciences.
12) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to harmful stimuli, often leading to pain and tissue damage. The study investigates the anti-inflammatory properties of Zanthoxylum rhetsa to establish its potential as a natural remedy for managing inflammation and preventing related chronic diseases.
13) Chennai:
Chennai, the capital city of Tamilnadu, is mentioned as the location for the institutions involved in this research. It highlights the urban backdrop against which significant pharmacological and botanical studies are conducted, contributing to advancements in medicinal plant research and education.
14) Rheumatoid arthritis:
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder targetted for treatment in this study. By evaluating the anti-inflammatory effects of Zanthoxylum rhetsa, the research aims to provide insights into potential natural therapies for managing symptoms associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
15) Madurai:
Madurai is a city in Tamilnadu linked to the study, emphasizing the geographical and cultural context of the research. As a hub of traditional medicine, Madurai's contributions to ethnobotanical knowledge underline the local practices in utilizing plants for healthcare.
16) Family:
Family in this context refers to the biological classification of plants. Zanthoxylum rhetsa belongs to the Rutaceae family, indicating its broader ecological and phylogenetic relationships with other species within the same family, thereby enhancing understanding of plant characteristics and medicinal uses.
17) Study (Studying):
Study pertains to the systematic investigation into the medicinal properties of Zanthoxylum rhetsa. This research aims to elucidate its potential health benefits through rigorous experimental methods, contributing valuable insights into ethnopharmacology and the utilization of plants in modern medicine.
18) Pain:
Pain is a critical symptom often associated with inflammation. The study's significance lies in identifying plants like Zanthoxylum rhetsa that may alleviate pain through their anti-inflammatory properties, offering natural alternatives to conventional pain management strategies.
19) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological relates to the study of drug action and the interaction between drug compounds and biological systems. This research aims to pharmacologically assess the anti-inflammatory effects of Zanthoxylum rhetsa extracts, bridging traditional uses with modern scientific validation.
20) Kollimalai:
Kollimalai refers to the specific geographical area in Tamilnadu where Zanthoxylum rhetsa was collected for the study. The location underscores the significance of regional biodiversity and traditional practices in sourcing medicinal plants for scientific research on their therapeutic properties.
21) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section of the research where findings are interpreted in the context of existing literature and studies. It provides critical analysis, linking results to broader implications in the field of ethnopharmacology and potential applications for herbal medicine.
22) Snake-bite:
Snake-bite refers to the application of traditional remedies involving Zanthoxylum rhetsa. The plant's usage in this context underscores its significance in folklore and traditional medicine, showcasing the cultural practices associated with treating venomous bites in specific regions.
23) Affection:
Affection refers to the emotional support and encouragement from the author’s family, noted in the acknowledgment section. This aspect highlights the personal motivation and backing essential for researchers undertaking comprehensive studies and overcoming the challenges in scientific exploration.
24) Saidapet:
Saidapet is a location in Chennai relevant to the institutions involved in the research. Mention of such places emphasizes the role of various educational and medical institutions in advancing research related to pharmacology and traditional plant medicine.
25) Disease:
Disease is a pathological condition often characterized by inflammation, which the study aimed to address using Zanthoxylum rhetsa. Understanding the therapeutic potential of this plant can contribute significantly to developing natural treatments for various inflammatory and chronic conditions.
26) Species:
Species refers to the biological classification of Zanthoxylum rhetsa as a distinct plant type. The study of its characteristics and medicinal properties enhances the understanding of this particular species' significance in both ecological and pharmacological research.
27) Science (Scientific):
Science refers to the systematic enterprise of gathering knowledge through observation and experimentation. This research exemplifies the scientific method in exploring the medicinal properties of Zanthoxylum rhetsa, merging traditional knowledge with modern scientific inquiry.
28) Kokila:
Kokila refers to one of the authors involved in the study, indicating collaboration among researchers. Such teamwork is integral in advancing research studies, as diverse perspectives and expertise enrich the quality of the findings.
29) Thanga (Thamga):
Thanga is another author referenced in the research, representing a team contribution that underscores the collaborative nature of scientific investigations. Research often requires a multidisciplinary approach, enhancing the robustness and relevance of the outcomes.
30) Nature:
Nature signifies the intrinsic qualities and characteristics of Zanthoxylum rhetsa as a medicinal plant. Understanding its natural attributes is essential to extracting active compounds and applying them effectively in therapeutic contexts.
31) Kumar:
Kumar refers to one of the authors, indicating a collaborative effort in conducting research. Authors' contributions are vital for advancing knowledge in pharmacognosy, contributing various expertise and skills in exploring plant medicinal properties.
32) Cina:
China, mentioned in the context of geographical distribution, highlights the broader ecological and ethnobotanical relevance of Zanthoxylum rhetsa. Understanding the plant’s geographical context allows for insights into its traditional uses and potential similarities with other regional practices.
33) Jaya:
Jaya likely refers to the Jaya College of Paramedical Sciences, emphasizing the role of academic institutions in fostering research on medicinal plants. This highlights the importance of collaboration between educational entities in advancing practical applications of traditional knowledge.
34) Genu:
Genu refers to the biological classification or legitimacy of a plant species. In this research, ensuring the genuineness of Zanthoxylum rhetsa is critical for authenticating its use in traditional medicine and verifying its efficacy through scientific methods.
35) Rich (Rch):
Rich denotes the abundance of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and alkaloids, found in Zanthoxylum rhetsa. This richness enhances the plant's potential for therapeutic applications, emphasizing the importance of phytochemical diversity in herbal remedies.
36) Milk:
Milk is associated with traditional practices among certain communities, where extracts of Zanthoxylum rhetsa are believed to enhance lactation. Such practices reflect the cultural significance and ethnobotanical knowledge surrounding plant uses in maternal health.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘In vitro anti inflammatory activity of stem of zanthoxylum rhetsa (roxb.) dc.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Medicinal plant, Snake-bite, Flavonoid, Diuretic properties, Traditional medicine, Anti-inflammatory activity, Phytochemical analysis, In vitro, Dental caries, Aqueous extract, Alcoholic extract, Protein denaturation, HRBC Method, Soxhlet Apparatus, Benzene extract.
Concepts being referred in other categories, contexts and sources.