Description of darchini (cinnamomum zeylanicum) in unani medicine

a review

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Description of darchini (cinnamomum zeylanicum) in unani medicine
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: a review

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Author:

Mohammad Shahabuddin, Mohammad Idris and Tarannum


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Description of darchini (cinnamomum zeylanicum) in unani medicine

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20175-8424


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Darchini, known scientifically as Cinnamomum zeylanicum, is a highly regarded spice and therapeutic agent within the Unani system of medicine, with a rich history of use as both a drug and a condiment in India. This review explores its phytochemical constituents, therapeutic activities, and various formulations applied by Unani practitioners. Darchini is recognized for its broad spectrum of health benefits, validated by numerous experimental studies which illuminate its importance as a functional herb in traditional medicine.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties

One significant aspect of Darchini is its antioxidant capability. The methanolic extract of Darchini contains various antioxidant compounds that effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species, including superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. These properties suggest a protective role against oxidative stress, which is linked to numerous chronic diseases. Additionally, Darchini exhibits substantial antimicrobial activity; studies have demonstrated its effectiveness against a range of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. Essential oils derived from cinnamon have shown the ability to inhibit the growth of harmful pathogens, reinforcing its value in treating infections.

Gastroprotective and Anti-inflammatory Effects

Another key therapeutic benefit of Darchini is its gastroprotective action. Unani practitioners have long utilized Darchini to support digestive health and alleviate gastrointestinal ailments such as gastritis and dyspepsia. Recent scientific studies underscore this traditional use by revealing Darchini's ability to protect gastric mucosa from Helicobacter pylori infection, a common cause of peptic ulcers. Furthermore, Darchini is noted for its anti-inflammatory properties, which have also been validated through experimental research. This aspect highlights its utility in managing conditions characterized by inflammation and pain.

Applications in Unani Medicine

Darchini is deeply integrated into the pharmacological practices of Unani medicine, frequently appearing in various formulations designed to enhance its therapeutic effects. It serves as an essential ingredient in a variety of traditional remedies, including those targeting respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous system ailments. Its versatility is illustrated in concoctions that range from oils to syrups, established for treating conditions like asthma, colds, and digestive disorders. The skills of Unani physicians in tailoring formulations have long been associated with enhanced efficacy and patient outcomes.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Darchini is a multifaceted spice with a wealth of applications in both traditional and contemporary medicinal practices. From its notable antioxidant and antimicrobial properties to its gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, Darchini stands as an important component of the Unani healing system. As scientific validation continues to affirm the therapeutic benefits of Darchini, further clinical research is encouraged to fully uncover its potential, ensuring its place as a standard and valued remedy in the field of medicine.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Darchini and its historical significance?

Darchini, known as Cinnamomum zeylanicum, is a spice and medicine historically used in India, known for its antioxidant and therapeutic properties. It has been integrated into various treatments in Unani medicine.

What are the main health benefits of Darchini?

Darchini possesses numerous health benefits, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective, and antiulcer effects. It is also used for digestive issues, respiratory ailments, and as an aphrodisiac.

How is Darchini utilized in Unani medicine?

In Unani medicine, Darchini is used both as a primary and supportive ingredient in various formulations. It is typically included in dosage forms like Roghan, Majoon, and Jwarish, enhancing their therapeutic efficacy.

What are the pharmacological actions of Darchini?

Darchini has several pharmacological actions including digestive stimulant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties, benefiting conditions like cough, gastric irritation, and even skin diseases.

What are the contraindications for using Darchini?

Darchini should be avoided in cases of stomach and duodenal ulcers, and during pregnancy, as it may induce abortion. Consult healthcare professionals before using it for therapeutic purposes.

What are some common formulations containing Darchini?

Darchini is found in various Unani formulations such as Arq-e-Chob Chini, Habb-e-Afyun, and Jawarish Darchini, which are utilized for treating conditions like weakness, sexual debility, and digestive issues.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Description of darchini (cinnamomum zeylanicum) in unani medicine”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Cinnamon:
Cinnamon, specifically Cinnamomum zeylanicum (also known as Darchini), is a widely used spice derived from the inner bark of cinnamon trees. It is not only valued for its flavor and aroma in culinary uses but also for its therapeutic properties in traditional medicine, particularly in Unani medicine where it has various pharmacological benefits.

2) Activity:
In the context of Unani medicine, 'activity' refers to the medicinal actions or therapeutic effects of substances such as Darchini. Scientific studies validate these activities, demonstrating effects like anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties, which are crucial for understanding the efficacy of herbal medicines.

3) Debility:
Debility is a term used to describe a state of physical weakness or loss of strength. In traditional medicine, particularly Unani medicine, various herbal treatments are utilized to combat debility. Darchini, for instance, is cited as beneficial for improving strength and vitality in individuals suffering from various forms of weakness.

4) Medicine:
Medicine refers to the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illnesses. In the text, Unani medicine is highlighted, showcasing its use of natural substances, especially herbs like Darchini, in therapeutic practices. This traditional approach emphasizes holistic healing using natural products and their pharmacological properties.

5) Drug:
A drug is a substance that induces physiological effects when introduced into the body. In this review, Darchini is categorized as a drug because of its documented therapeutic effects in Unani medicine, where it is used in various formulations for treating numerous ailments.

6) Disease:
Disease denotes any condition that impairs normal functioning. The article highlights several diseases where Darchini is effective, including respiratory, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular conditions. The therapeutic potential of Darchini showcases its relevance in the management and treatment of various diseases in traditional medicine.

7) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic investigation or research conducted to discover new information or validate existing knowledge. The article discusses studies that examine the pharmacological properties of Darchini, providing empirical evidence to support its use in treating various health conditions in both traditional and modern contexts.

8) Tila:
Tila is a term used in Unani medicine referring to a preparation or formulation that may include herbal oils or plants. Darchini is often incorporated into tila formulations to enhance its therapeutic properties, indicating its versatile applications in various medicinal preparations.

9) Medas (Meda, Medash):
Meda, a term in Unani medicine, means stomach. Darchini is recognized for its favorable effects on digestive health, acting as a tonic (muqawwi) for the stomach and helping in conditions like dyspepsia and bloating, thereby underscoring its role in gastrointestinal health.

10) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to the property of a substance that inhibits bacterial growth. The article details Darchini's antibacterial activity, revealing its effectiveness against various pathogens, thereby validating its traditional use as a remedy for infections and reinforcing its significance in pharmacological research.

11) Neurasthenia:
Neurasthenia is a term for a condition characterized by chronic fatigue and emotional distress. The text mentions the use of Darchini in addressing symptoms associated with neurasthenia, highlighting its potential benefits in alleviating fatigue and enhancing overall well-being in affected individuals.

12) Pain:
Pain is a complex experience that signals an issue in the body. Darchini is noted for its analgesic properties in the text, suggesting its effectiveness in managing various types of pain, thus making it a valuable remedy in both traditional and modern medicine for pain relief.

13) Cinnamomum zeylanicum:
Cinnamomum zeylanicum, commonly known as Darchini or cinnamon, is a species of flowering plant in the laurel family, whose bark is widely used in cooking and traditional medicine. The significance of this species in Unani medicine reflects its extensive historical use and multitude of health benefits.

14) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study of how drugs interact with biological systems. The article emphasizes the pharmacological aspects of Darchini, showcasing various studies that validate its therapeutic effects and mechanism of action, thereby establishing its place in both traditional healing and evidence-based medicine.

15) Powder:
Powder refers to the finely ground form of a substance. In the context of Darchini, it indicates that the bark can be prepared as a powder for easy administration and incorporation into different formulations in Unani medicine, enhancing its usability as a health supplement.

16) Blood:
Blood is vital for transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the body. The article outlines the various effects of Darchini on blood-related conditions or functions, reinforcing its significance as a therapeutic agent that can improve circulation, among other health benefits.

17) Water:
Water is a fundamental solvent used in the preparation of various herbal remedies. The mixture of Darchini with water is mentioned, indicating traditional methods for creating infusions or decoctions to extract beneficial properties, thereby facilitating its use in treating several ailments.

18) Ulcer:
An ulcer refers to a sore that develops on the skin or mucous membranes, often due to the erosion of tissue. Darchini is discussed for its anti-ulcer properties, helping to reduce ulcer formation, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, and providing a therapeutic approach for those suffering from ulcers.

19) Fever:
Fever is a common symptom of many illnesses, representing the body's response to infection or illness. The text points out the use of Darchini in managing fever, illustrating its efficacy as an antipyretic in traditional medicine, which may help reduce elevated body temperatures.

20) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a natural response to injury or infection characterized by redness and swelling. The anti-inflammatory properties of Darchini are highlighted, suggesting its role in alleviating inflammation and supporting healing processes in various medical conditions recognized in both traditional and modern practices.

21) Irritation:
Irritation refers to localized inflammation or discomfort in tissues. The article mentions Darchini's potential for reducing irritation, particularly in applications related to skin and mucous membranes, emphasizing its utility in cosmetic and therapeutic formulations for soothing effects.

22) Fragrance:
Fragrance refers to a pleasant scent. Darchini is known for its aromatic properties, making it a popular choice in culinary and perfumery applications. The fragrance of Darchini also contributes to its therapeutic perception, enhancing its appeal in traditional healing practices.

23) Vomiting:
Vomiting is the involuntary action of expelling contents from the stomach through the mouth. Darchini is noted for its efficacy in treating nausea and vomiting, serving as a remedy in Unani medicine that helps to soothe the stomach and promote digestive comfort.

24) Nausea:
Nausea is a sensation of unease and discomfort in the stomach, often leading to the urge to vomit. The efficacy of Darchini in alleviating nausea highlights its role as a natural remedy in inducing comfort, particularly in digestive ailments.

25) Honey:
Honey is a natural sweetener with several health benefits. In Unani medicine, honey is often combined with Darchini to enhance therapeutic effects, particularly in treating coughs and respiratory issues, demonstrating the synergy between these two natural substances in traditional remedies.

26) Milk:
Milk is a nutritious liquid food produced by mammals. In the context of Darchini, milk is utilized in traditional formulations, where it may enhance the flavor and digestibility of herbal preparations while also providing additional nutritional benefits to users.

27) Dysmenorrhea (Dysmenorrhoea):
Dysmenorrhoea refers to painful menstruation that can disrupt daily activities. The text indicates the use of Darchini in alleviating symptoms associated with dysmenorrhoea, thus highlighting its significance in offering relief from menstrual discomfort in traditional medicine.

28) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plants with potential health benefits. The review discusses various phytochemicals derived from Darchini, emphasizing their role in providing therapeutic efficacy, acting as antioxidants, and contributing to various health benefits in traditional and modern contexts.

29) Science (Scientific):
Scientific relates to using methods of observation and experimentation to understand phenomena. The article presents scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of Darchini, bridging traditional knowledge and modern research methodologies to validate its applications in medicine.

30) Bleeding:
Bleeding refers to the loss of blood from the circulatory system. The article touches on remedies for managing bleeding, with Darchini potentially being beneficial in controlling bleeding due to its astringent properties, thereby reinforcing the importance of this herb in treating such conditions.

31) Scorpion:
Scorpion, an arachnid often found in various habitats, is mentioned regarding its stings, which can be painful. The article notes that Darchini oil is used as a remedy for scorpion stings, demonstrating its application in treating acute ailments from insect bites.

32) Epilepsy:
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. The text refers to the use of Darchini in managing symptoms associated with epilepsy, thus highlighting its potential role in supporting neurological health and wellness in individuals.

33) Lucknow:
Lucknow is a city in India known for its historical significance and educational institutions. The mention of Lucknow in the article indicates the location associated with research and teaching in Unani medicine, underscoring the region's role in traditional medicine practices.

34) Species:
Species refers to a group of organisms that share common characteristics. Cinnamomum zeylanicum is part of the cinnamon species, and understanding its classification highlights its botanical relevance and potential for research in both culinary and pharmaceutical applications.

35) Family:
Family denotes a group of related plants or animals. Cinnamomum zeylanicum belongs to the Lauraceae family, which includes other aromatic and medicinal plants. This classification is vital for understanding the plant's biochemical properties and potential uses in medicine.

36) Cancer:
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. The article discusses the potential anticancer properties of Darchini, indicating its utility in traditional medicine as a treatment approach for various cancer types, evidenced by phytochemical research.

37) Delhi:
Delhi, the capital of India, is mentioned as a location for a teaching institution related to Unani medicine. This highlights the region's historical and contemporary significance in the study and practice of traditional medical systems, including the promotion of herbal treatments.

38) India:
India is known for its rich tradition of herbal medicine and diverse health practices. The article emphasizes the use of Darchini within the Indian context, showcasing its cultural relevance and extensive application in traditional therapeutic practices.

39) Kabir:
Kabir refers to a name often associated with traditional practitioners and scholars in the context of herbal medicine. The mention of Kabir may reflect the historical narratives tied to the usage of Darchini and its significance in folk medicine traditions.

40) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasha is a term that may refer to certain conditions or treatments in Unani medicine. The text specifies its association with Darchini, illustrating traditional herbal applications in addressing various health challenges related to this term.

41) Shada (Sada, Sadas):
Sada indicates a common or basic form of substance. The usage of Darchini in its simple or unmodified form (sada) showcases its foundational role in various formulations within Unani medicine, emphasizing its importance as a primary health resource.

42) Alam (Alaṁ):
Alam in the context could refer to the world or universe, often representing broad concepts. The mention might indicate the overall significance of Darchini within the greater narrative of global herbal medicine and its universal applications.

43) Genu:
Genu typically refers to the knee joint. The mention of this term suggests a focus on musculoskeletal health, where Darchini may offer therapeutic benefits for conditions related to joint pain and mobility, reinforcing its use in traditional remedies.

44) Male:
Male refers to the biological sex of a species. In discussing Darchini, the text notes its therapeutic benefits for men, particularly in areas like sexual health and vitality, emphasizing its applications in addressing male-specific health concerns.

45) Rheumatoid arthritis:
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation in joints. The article highlights Darchini's potential anti-inflammatory properties, indicating its relevance as a supportive treatment in managing rheumatoid arthritis and improving patient quality of life.

46) Human life:
Human life encompasses all aspects of existence among people. The text emphasizes the connections between herbal remedies like Darchini and their roles in enhancing human health and well-being, dovetailing with the rich historical narrative of traditional healing practices.

47) New Delhi:
New Delhi, the capital city of India, represents an important center for education and health practices. Its mention signifies the prevalence and institutional support for Unani medicine, fostering the study and utilization of herbal treatments among the population.

48) Gujarati:
Gujarati refers to the language spoken in the state of Gujarat, India. Its mention in the text may hint at the regional diversity of medicinal practices in India and how local languages contribute to preserving herbal knowledge and terminology.

49) Assamese:
Assamese is the language spoken in Assam, a northeastern state of India. The mention underscores linguistic diversity and reflects how regional languages contribute to understanding and communicating traditional herbal remedies like Darchini in various Indian cultures.

50) Deafness:
Deafness exists as a partial or total inability to hear. The text indicates the potential applications of Darchini in treating or relieving deafness symptoms, highlighting its role in a broader therapeutic context within traditional medicine systems.

51) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit is an ancient language of India, often seen as the root of many Indian languages and a repository of traditional knowledge. Its mention in the text may reflect the historical foundations of medical literature in India, including references to Darchini's use.

52) Incision:
Incision signifies a surgical cut into tissue. The reference to incision pertains to processes in medical treatment where Darchini may aid healing, possibly suggesting its potential effects on recovery from surgical or traumatic injuries, enhancing traditional practices.

53) Marathi:
Marathi is the language spoken in the state of Maharashtra in India. The mention of Marathi reflects the linguistic diversity in India and illustrates how local languages may convey traditional medicinal knowledge, ensuring that such practices are accessible across different regions.

54) Kannada:
Kannada is the language spoken in the state of Karnataka in India. Its reference emphasizes the rich diversity of languages in India, which contributes to the effective dissemination and understanding of traditional knowledge about herbal remedies like Darchini.

55) Bengali:
Bengali is both a language and an ethnic group associated with the eastern region of India and Bangladesh. Its mention demonstrates the regional nuances in herbal medicine practice and highlights Darchini's relevance across different cultures and linguistic backgrounds.

56) Pungent:
Pungent refers to a strong smell or taste that can be sharp or biting. Darchini is described as having a pungent aroma, which adds to its appeal in cooking and medicinal uses, enhancing its efficacy in both culinary applications and therapeutic outcomes.

57) Itching:
Itching is an irritating sensation on the skin that often leads to scratching. The article mentions Darchini's effectiveness in alleviating irritation and itching, particularly in skin disorders, thus supporting its dual utility in both cosmetic and medicinal practices.

58) Vertigo:
Vertigo is a sensation of spinning or dizziness. The text suggests that Darchini's application may help with vertigo symptoms, emphasizing its broader therapeutic spectrum and potential benefits for those experiencing balance-related issues.

59) Harvesting (Harvest):
Harvest refers to the process of gathering mature crop or plants. In the context of Darchini, mentioning harvest may illustrate the traditional practices surrounding its collection and cultivation, underscoring the importance of sourcing quality herbal materials for medicinal use.

60) Podina:
Podina, or mint, is a common herb known for its refreshing flavor and medicinal properties. Its mention alongside Darchini may indicate their complementary uses in traditional remedies, where both herbs may be included to enhance the flavor and therapeutic efficacy.

61) Animal:
Animal refers to living organisms that are non-human members of the kingdom Animalia. In the context of the text, studies on animals underline the pharmacological effects of Darchini, validating its benefits through research models that inform human applications.

62) Insect:
Insects are a diverse group of arthropods, which may include species that are pests or beneficial. In the text, Darchini's essential oil is mentioned for its insecticidal properties, emphasizing its practical use in pest management and natural remedies.

63) Indian:
Indian refers to the cultural and geographical identity of people from India. The mention of Indian practices highlights the historical significance of Darchini within Ayurvedic and Unani medical traditions, showcasing its importance in the cultural heritage and healthcare practices of the region.

64) Desire:
Desire refers to a strong feeling of wanting something. In traditional herbal medicine, including Darchini, desires might pertain to various needs such as health improvements, vitality, or specific therapeutic outcomes, illustrating the motivations behind using herbal remedies.

65) Egypt:
Egypt is a historically significant country known for its ancient civilizations. The reference to Egypt highlights the long-standing use of cinnamon as both a culinary spice and medicinal herb, underscoring its importance in medical practices dating back to antiquity.

66) Malik:
Malik is a common name that might refer to a traditional practitioner or a scholar. The mention of Malik in this context connects historical figures to the evolution of herbal medicine and practices involving Darchini, contributing to the legacy of traditional knowledge.

67) Shahar (Sahar):
Sahar typically connotes dawn or awakening in certain contexts. Its mention in the text may reflect on awakening or enhancing various health aspects, possibly indicating the revitalizing qualities attributed to Darchini in medicinal applications.

68) Aroma (A-roma):
Aroma refers to a distinctive, pleasant smell that can enhance the sensory experience of food and medicine. The aromatic qualities of Darchini make it a favored spice in cooking and herbal remedies, adding therapeutic synergy to its flavor and fragrance.

69) Bahak:
Bahak refers to skin diseases like vitiligo or melasma in Unani medicine context. The text indicates that Darchini may help treat these conditions, showcasing its significance in cosmetic and dermatological applications within traditional practices.

70) Hindi (Himdi):
Hindi is one of the primary languages spoken in India. Its mention accentuates cultural diversity and highlights how different linguistic groups communicate traditional practices surrounding Darchini, ensuring the preservation and dissemination of herbal knowledge across regions.

71) Trade:
Trade is the exchange of goods and services that has historically influenced economies and cultures. The mention of trade in relation to Darchini illustrates its historical value as a commodity, confirming its role in economics and cultural exchanges throughout history.

72) Oriya:
Oriya, also known as Odia, is a language spoken in the Indian state of Odisha. Its mention emphasizes the linguistic diversity in India and reflects how regional languages encapsulate traditional knowledge surrounding herbal remedies like Darchini.

73) Tamil:
Tamil is a classical language spoken predominantly in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Its mention illustrates the cultural significance and region-specific applications of Darchini in traditional medicine, emphasizing its relevance across different linguistic and cultural contexts.

74) Dana:
Dana generally refers to seeds or coarse particles in some contexts. The mention may relate to the use of Darchini as a whole or ground form in remedies, emphasizing the versatility of its usage in various herbal formulations.

75) Sara (Shara):
Sara may refer to purity or excellence in certain contexts. The mention of such terms highlights the high regard for Darchini in traditional medicine, where it is considered a pure and beneficial addition to health formulations.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 88]

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Nutritive value, Geographical distribution, Therapeutic efficacy, Anti-inflammatory activity, Geriatric medicine, Antimicrobial activity, Traditional System of Medicine, Phytochemical constituents, Clinical research, Dosage form, Pharmacological action, Compound formulation, Therapeutic activities, Herbal drug, Unani medicine, Cinnamaldehyde, Antioxidant compound, Mizaj, Darchini (Cinnamomum zeylanicum).

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