Relevance of aushadha sevana kala per Sharangadhara Samhita.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Analysis of relevance of aushadha sevana kala (time of drug administration) according to sharangadhara samhita w.s.r. to lekhana karma.
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Ashalata D. Pawar and Rupesh P. Pagare
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Analysis of relevance of aushadha sevana kala (time of drug administration) according to sharangadhara samhita w.s.r. to lekhana karma.
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20175-8345
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The article discusses the significance of "Aushadha sevana kala," or the time of drug administration, in Ayurvedic medicine, as outlined by Acharya Sharangadhara. It emphasizes that timing is crucial in the effective treatment of diseases, suggesting that neglecting this principle can lead to inadequate therapeutic outcomes. The author aims to analyze the relevance of Aushadha sevana kala, particularly focusing on the concept of Lekhana karma, which concerns the scraping action of medicinal substances, to enhance the efficacy of treatments.
The Importance of Timing in Drug Administration
Acharya Sharangadhara classifies Aushadha sevana kala into five categories: Prabhate (early morning), Diwas bhojane (lunch time), Sayam bhojane (dinner time), Muhurmuhu (frequently), and Nishi (night). Each of these time slots is believed to correspond to different bodily functions and the action of various "vayus" ( energies). For instance, drugs intended for emesis and purgation should be administered in the morning, while specific ailments may require dosing during meal times or at night. This classification illustrates how the timing of drug intake can optimize their actions based on the physiological rhythms of the body.
Lekhana Karma and Its Timing
Another essential theme discussed in the paper is Lekhana karma, the principle of scraping action associated with weight management and metabolic issues. According to Sharangadhara, materials should be consumed in the early morning or before bed on an empty stomach to achieve maximum effectiveness. The reasoning behind this practice is that an empty stomach allows the body to absorb the medicinal properties better, enhancing the desired effects—especially in conditions like obesity, where the proper timing can help regulate appetite and promote metabolic activities.
Concepts of Dosage and Frequency
The text points to the need for an appropriate dosage in conjunction with specific timing to achieve effective treatment outcomes, suggesting that modern practices of administering medicine—often multiple times a day—do not necessarily cater to these Ayurvedic principles. Instead, tailored dosages aligned with Aushadha sevana kala for various doshas and conditions can lead to improved therapeutic efficacy. The emphasis on synchronizing drug administration with the natural rhythms of the body highlights a holistic view of healthcare.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study highlights the critical need to adhere to the principles outlined by Acharya Sharangadhara regarding Aushadha sevana kala for successful disease management. By embracing these traditional concepts alongside contemporary medical practices, healthcare providers may achieve better patient outcomes. The exploration of the timing of drug administration and its connection to bodily functions not only emphasizes Ayurvedic wisdom but also encourages further research into the practical applications of these concepts in modern healthcare settings.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Aushadha Sevana Kala in Ayurvedic medicine?
Aushadha Sevana Kala refers to the specific timings for drug administration based on factors like dosha, patient constitution, disease status, age, and dushya to enhance treatment effectiveness.
What are the five categories of Aushadha Sevana Kala?
The five categories are: Prabhate (early morning), Diwas Bhojane (lunchtime), Sayam Bhojane (dinnertime), Muhurmuhu (frequently), and Nishi (night). Each timing is suited for specific therapeutic effects.
Why is the timing of drug administration important?
Timing is crucial because the drug's efficacy varies based on the body's physiological processes at different times, ensuring maximum impact in treating various ailments.
How does Lekhana Karma relate to drug administration times?
Lekhana Karma, or scraping action, recommends drug intake in the early morning or at bedtime without food to optimize effects on fatty tissues and promote weight loss.
What are the benefits of administering medicines according to Acharya's recommendations?
Administering medicines based on Acharya's Aushadha Sevana Kala leads to better treatment outcomes, as it takes into account the body's natural rhythms and disease specifics.
How does food intake affect the metabolism of drugs?
Food intake impacts the metabolic rate of drugs. Administering drugs on an empty stomach typically enhances their absorption and efficacy, making timing critical for successful treatment.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Relevance of aushadha sevana kala per Sharangadhara Samhita.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Kala:
Kala refers to the timing or specific periods when drugs should be administered. According to traditional Ayurvedic texts, different times of the day impact the effectiveness of medications based on bodily rhythms and the doshas involved. Understanding and applying the right kala optimizes treatment efficacy and is essential in Ayurvedic practice.
2) Drug:
In this context, 'drug' signifies a medicinal substance employed in Ayurvedic treatments to address various health issues. The effectiveness of a drug often hinges on not just its properties but also its timing of administration, as prescribed in classical texts to ensure optimal absorption and action in the body.
3) Aushadha (Ausadha):
Aushadha refers to the traditional herbal medicines or remedies used in Ayurveda. It encompasses a wide range of therapeutic agents derived from plants, minerals, and animal products. Aushadha is pivotal for restoring health, promoting healing, and balancing the body's energies. Its proper use is essential for effective treatment.
4) Lekhana:
Lekhana denotes a specific therapeutic action focusing on scraping or reducing excess body tissues, particularly fat (meda). This process is vital in managing obesity and related disorders. Lekhana actions involve careful consideration of the timing and type of drugs to enhance efficacy and achieve desired health outcomes.
5) Disease:
In the Ayurvedic context, disease (vyadhi) signifies an imbalance or disruption in the body’s natural state, affecting physical or mental health. Effective treatment requires a comprehensive understanding of the disease's nature, causative factors, and achieving balance through appropriate aushadha and timing of administration.
6) Karma (Karman):
Karma, in Ayurveda, refers to the specific actions or therapeutic interventions administered to achieve a particular health outcome. Each treatment's efficacy is influenced by the timing, dosage, and nature of the medicinal products used, prioritizing a tailored approach to addressing various health conditions.
7) Vayu:
Vayu represents the vital principle of movement within the body, governing physiological processes. Different vayus, such as prana, samana, vayana, etc., dictate how medicines reach various tissues. The proper understanding of vayu helps in optimizing drug action according to the individual's doshic constitution.
8) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses both the pharmacological substances and the applied practices in healthcare. In Ayurveda, medicine should be administered in relation to time, patient constitution, and the specific disease state to maximize therapeutic effectiveness and facilitate healing processes based on ancient wisdom.
9) Sevana:
Sevana refers to the act of administration or consumption of medicines. Proper sevanak kalo (timing of administration) is crucial in Ayurveda for maximizing the therapeutic effects of aushadha and ensuring that the body can effectively utilize the treatment.
10) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha denotes the three fundamental biological energies in Ayurveda – Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Each individual has a unique dosha constitution that influences their health and susceptibility to diseases. Understanding dosha helps tailor treatments and medications, ensuring they resonate with one’s biological predispositions.
11) Food:
Food plays a critical role in Ayurveda, impacting both health and the efficacy of treatments. Timing of drug administration should consider the state of digestion and nutritional intake to optimize therapeutic effects, as well as ensuring that medicines are absorbed appropriately in the body.
12) Medas (Meda, Medash):
Meda refers to bodily fat or adipose tissue, which is crucial in the discussions surrounding weight management and lekhana treatments. In Ayurveda, the excess of meda can lead to various health problems, making the understanding and treatment of meda vital for restoring balance.
13) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
Dravyaguna is a scientific field within Ayurveda that studies the properties and actions of medicinal substances. It provides insights into how various herbs and drugs interact with the body, thus informing their use in herbal formulations and treatments tailored to specific diseases.
14) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, representing earth and water elements. It governs structure and stability within the body. Imbalance in Kapha can lead to conditions such as obesity and respiratory issues, highlighting its relevance in management strategies involving aushadha.
15) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic examination of Ayurvedic principles, treatments, and their contexts, aiming to understand and validate traditional practices. Through such research, the relevance of ancient wisdom in modern healthcare can be elucidated, providing a basis for integrating Ayurvedic methodologies.
16) Guna:
Guna signifies the intrinsic qualities or attributes of substances, including medicines. In Ayurveda, understanding a drug's guna helps determine its actions and potential effects on health, guiding practitioners in selecting the appropriate treatment protocols based on a patient's constitution and condition.
17) Sthaulya:
Sthaulya refers to obesity or the excessive accumulation of bodily fat. Understanding sthaulya necessitates a comprehensive approach to treatment that considers dietary habits, lifestyle, and the application of lekhana, addressing both the symptoms and underlying causes.
18) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiated indicates the disruption or imbalance of the doshas and dhatus within the body, leading to disease. Identifying vitiated states is crucial in Ayurvedic diagnosis, guiding the therapeutic choices and timing of drug administration to restore harmony.
19) Ruksha (Ruksa):
Ruksha describes a quality of substances that are dry or rough. In Ayurvedic treatments, ruksha properties are often emphasized in lekhana therapies that aim to reduce excess moisture or fat in the body, thus aiding in obesity management.
20) Jatharagni (Jathara-agni):
Jatharagni refers to the digestive fire, fundamental for proper metabolism and digestion in Ayurveda. A balanced jatharagni is essential for effective treatment, as it dictates how well the body can assimilate and utilize aushadha.
21) Aushadhi (Ausadhi, Aushadhin, Ausadhin):
Aushadhi, similar to aushadha, refers to medicinal herbs or natural substances used in Ayurvedic treatments, usually derived from plant sources. It emphasizes the importance of using natural remedies that align with the body’s constitution and health condition.
22) Samhita:
Samhita refers to ancient Ayurvedic texts that compile knowledge on medicinal practices, including drug properties, dosha management, and treatment protocols. These scriptures serve as foundational references for practitioners, preserving the wisdom of Ayurveda over millennia.
23) Avastha:
Avastha indicates the state or condition of a disease at a particular time. Understanding the avastha of a patient allows practitioners to tailor treatments effectively, taking into account the severity and nature of the illness when administering aushadha.
24) Dravya:
Dravya refers to the physical substance or matter used in the preparation of medicines. In Ayurveda, the characteristics of dravya are essential in determining their therapeutic actions, such as their taste, potency, and lightness or heaviness.
25) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi denotes any form of disease or disorder in Ayurveda. The study and understanding of vyadhi are essential for diagnosis, allowing practitioners to identify appropriate therapeutic interventions based on the condition’s characteristics and the patient’s constitution.
26) Laghu:
Laghu translates to lightness or subtlety in Ayurvedic terms. It is a guna used to describe certain substances that promote weight loss or reduce excess elements from the body, particularly effective in treating conditions like obesity or heaviness.
27) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa refers to the taste of substances, which impacts their therapeutic properties in Ayurveda. The different rasas (sweet, sour, bitter, etc.) influence the actions of drugs on the doshas and are crucial in formulating effective treatments.
28) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas, representing air and space elements within the body. It governs movement and communication functions. An imbalance in Vata can lead to disorders such as anxiety and dryness, highlighting its relevance in treatment considerations.
29) Samprapti:
Samprapti refers to the pathological process or progression of disease in Ayurveda. Understanding samprapti is crucial for practitioners, as it guides the development of effective treatments that target the root causes of illness rather than merely alleviating symptoms.
30) Muhurmuhuh (Muhurmuhur, Muhur-muhu, Muhur-muhur, Muhurmuhu):
Muhurmuhu signifies the frequent administration of medication during specific conditions, such as chronic illnesses. This principle underlines the importance of timing and dosage in achieving effective treatment outcomes and mitigating symptoms through regularly scheduled doses.
31) Bheshaja (Bhesaja):
Bheshaja refers to the medicinal treatment or remedies prescribed to address health conditions in Ayurveda. The choice of bheshaja is based on the specific dosha involved and the relevant kala for administration to ensure optimal therapeutic efficacy.
32) Avarana:
Avarana indicates the obstruction or blockage in physiological processes, often leading to disease manifestation. Identifying avarana is essential in Ayurvedic diagnosis and treatment, as addressing this blockage can restore balance and support healing through targeted therapies.
33) Tikshna (Tiksna):
Tikshna means sharp or powerful in quality. In Ayurvedic pharmacology, tikshna properties of drugs are beneficial for stimulating digestive fire and eliminating excess doshas. This quality is particularly emphasized in treatments aimed at purging or cleansing the body.
34) Dushya (Dusya):
Dusya signifies the substances or tissues that are involved in the pathogenesis of diseases. Identifying dusya is essential for crafting effective treatments that target the specific areas of imbalance and promote healing.
35) Reason:
Reason entails the rationale behind treatment choices and methodologies. In Ayurveda, comprehending the underlying principles guiding specific therapies allows for more effective treatment plans, catering to individual needs and ensuring optimal health outcomes.
36) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, embodying fire and water elements. It governs metabolic processes, digestion, and transformation. Pitta imbalance can lead to conditions such as inflammation and acidity, making its management crucial in treatment.
37) Kleda:
Kleda refers to moisture or excessive fluid accumulation in the body, often associated with diseases. Kleda’s management is vital in Ayurveda as it relates to conditions like obesity and edema, necessitating the use of lekhan therapies to achieve balance.
38) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna signifies a quality of heat, often within medicinal substances or treatments. In Ayurveda, ushna properties can promote digestion and detoxification processes, making it a significant aspect when selecting herbs for various therapeutic interventions.
39) Sayam:
Sayam denotes the evening or dinner time in Ayurvedic practices. The timing of drug administration during this period is vital, as it influences the digestive processes and effects of medications, especially in the context of certain diseases.
40) Water:
Water is fundamental for bodily functions and, in Ayurveda, plays a role in the administration of medicines. Its properties and the appropriate intake help facilitate digestion and the efficacy of treatments when combined with herbs and remedies.
41) Honey:
Honey is valued in Ayurveda for its multiple health benefits, including its utility in lekhana treatments. Often recommended in conjunction with water or other herbs, honey serves as a natural sweetener that can enhance aushadha effects and support digestion.
42) Agni:
Agni refers to the digestive fire, a vital concept in Ayurveda governing metabolism and transformation in the body. A properly functioning agni is essential for effective digestion and assimilation of nutrients, as well as the optimal action of aushadha during treatment.
43) Katu:
Katu translates to a pungent or bitter taste. It represents a rasa that plays a vital role in Ayurvedic treatments, especially in addressing digestive and metabolic imbalances by stimulating agni, thus promoting detoxification and balance.
44) Bala:
Bala signifies strength or vigor, representing the overall health and robustness of an individual. In Ayurvedic contexts, understanding a patient's bala is crucial for determining appropriate treatments and their expected effectiveness based on the individual’s constitution and vitality.
45) Kasa (Kasha):
Kasa denotes cough or respiratory conditions in Ayurveda. The treatment of kasa involves a strategic approach that considers the influencing dosha and appropriate aushadhi, reinforcing the significance of timing in administering respiratory remedies to maximize their efficacy.
46) Fire:
Fire, akin to agni in Ayurveda, symbolizes energy and transformation within the body. This element is crucial for digestion, metabolism, and the effectiveness of treatments, as it governs how well aushadha is utilized in healing and restoring balance.
47) Post:
Post indicates the time following an event, such as a meal. In Ayurveda, the timing of drug administration after food intake is significant, as it influences absorption and efficacy, leading to tailored treatment strategies based on patient needs.
48) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulation refers to the buildup of substances in the body, often leading to health issues such as obesity or toxins. Managing accumulation through appropriate lekhana therapies is imperative in Ayurveda to restore balance and promote health.
49) Mahakashaya (Mahakasaya, Maha-kashaya):
Mahakashaya encompasses a category of potent herbal formulations in Ayurveda, recognized for their comprehensive therapeutic benefits. Understanding mahakashaya assists practitioners in selecting appropriate combinations of herbs to target specific health issues effectively.
50) Kaphadosha (Kaphadosa, Kapha-dosha):
Kapha-dosha embodies the qualities of heaviness, moisture, and stability. This dosha's balance is crucial for maintaining bodily functions, and its imbalance can lead to various diseases, including respiratory and digestive issues, necessitating targeted treatments.
51) Medadhatu (Meda-dhatu):
Meda-dhatu refers to adipose or fat tissue in Ayurveda. Its management is critical for addressing obesity and related disorders. Knowledge of meda-dhatu guides treatment protocols, focusing on reducing excess fat while promoting overall health.
52) Tikshnagni (Tiksnagni, Tikshna-agni):
Tikshnagni indicates a sharp or intense digestive fire often present in healthy individuals. In Ayurveda, maintaining tikshnagni is essential for optimal digestion, metabolism, and the effectiveness of herbal treatments, thereby supporting overall health.
53) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
Bhaishajya refers to the medicinal remedies prescribed for health conditions in Ayurveda. The careful choice of bhaishajya based on patient constitution and disease ensures that treatments are tailored for efficacy, promoting healing and recovery.
54) Abhishyanda (Abhisyanda):
Abhisyanda describes the condition of obstructive disorders where the flow of the doshas and bodily fluids is hindered. Understanding abhisyanda is critical in formulating treatment strategies to restore normalcy and effective movement within the body.
55) Vatadosha (Vatadosa, Vata-dosha):
Vata-dosha encapsulates the air and space elements responsible for movement and communication in the body. An imbalance in Vata can lead to disorders such as anxiety and dryness, underlining the need for management through aushadha and dietary interventions.
56) Kaphavata (Kapha-vata):
Kapha-vata represents a combination of the two doshas influencing various bodily functions. Understanding this interplay is essential for formulating effective treatment plans targeting specific health concerns arising from their imbalance.
57) Discussion:
Discussion in this context emphasizes the exploration and evaluation of Ayurvedic principles and treatment methodologies. Engaging in discussion allows practitioners to exchange knowledge and insights, leading to enhanced understanding and application of Ayurvedic practices in modern healthcare.
58) Swallowing:
Swallowing represents a crucial physiological process during which medications are ingested and absorbed. In Ayurveda, the timing and method of swallowing are important for efficient digestion and absorption of medicines, thus affecting their overall therapeutic effectiveness.
59) Lekhaniya:
Lekhaniya refers to specific types of medicinal herbs that promote scraping or reducing bodily tissues, notably fat. These herbs are integral in treatments aimed at weight management and detoxification, aligning with Ayurvedic principles of maintaining health.
60) Vatahara (Vata-ahara):
Vata-hara denotes the properties or treatments aimed specifically at alleviating Vata imbalances in the body. Vata-hara herbs or interventions are crucial for restoring balance and preventing disorders associated with excess Vata, contributing to overall wellness.
61) Lakshana (Laksana):
Lakshana refers to the clinical manifestations or symptoms of a disease. Identifying lakshana is vital in Ayurveda for establishing diagnoses and guiding treatment choices, ensuring that interventions are tailored to address specific symptoms.
62) Prakriti (Prakrti):
Prakriti signifies an individual’s unique constitution, encompassing physical, mental, and emotional traits. Knowledge of prakriti is essential in Ayurveda for personalized treatment approaches, ensuring that therapies align with the individual’s inherent characteristics and health needs.
63) Epilepsy:
Epilepsy is a neurological condition exemplifying a disturbance in normal brain function, often resulting in seizures. In Ayurveda, understanding epilepsy involves evaluating the underlying doshas and imbalances to develop effective treatment strategies addressing the disorder's nature.
64) Bhojana:
Bhojana refers to the act of eating or consumption of food. In Ayurveda, the timing and type of bhojana have significant implications on health and treatment, influencing digestion and the overall effectiveness of herbal medicines.
65) Vriddha (Vrddha):
Vriddha indicates the elderly or aged individuals in Ayurveda. Treatment approaches for vriddha focus on gentle, restorative therapies that respect the unique needs and health considerations of older populations, ensuring tailored interventions to support their wellness.
66) Visada (Vishada, Visha-da):
Vishada indicates a dull or lethargic state, often relating to apathy or excess dullness within the body’s energies. In Ayurveda, recognizing vishada is essential for developing precise treatment strategies aimed at invigorating and mobilizing patients' energy levels.
67) Kledaka:
Kledaka signifies moisture-producing qualities, often linked to phlegm or excessive fluid in the body. Kledaka management is crucial in Ayurveda to prevent and treat conditions associated with dampness, such as respiratory or digestive issues.
68) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya refers to astringent taste in Ayurvedic medicine. It is known for its properties of drying and tightening tissues, particularly useful in treating diarrhea and excessive dampness, highlighting the importance of rasa in therapies.
69) Samana (Shamana):
Samana describes a balancing or harmonizing quality within the doshas, particularly linked to digestion. In Ayurvedic medicine, optimizing samana properties in treatments is crucial for stabilizing the digestive processes and restoring balance in the body’s functioning.
70) Vipaka:
Vipaka indicates the post-digestive effects of foods and medicines. Understanding vipaka helps practitioners tailor treatments based on how substances will act within the body after digestion, influencing overall therapeutic outcomes and restoring health.
71) Koshtha (Kostha):
Kostha refers to the digestive tract or system. In Ayurveda, evaluating kostha is critical for understanding individual digestive capacities and tailoring dietary and medicinal interventions to optimize health based on digestive strengths and weaknesses.
72) Dhosa (Dhosha):
Dhosha refers to the intrinsic qualities that govern physiological functions in the body. The balance among the doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) is vital for maintaining health, and their management forms the cornerstone of Ayurvedic healing practices.
73) Srotas (Shrotas):
Srotas indicates the channels within the body that transport nutrients, waste, and energy. Understanding srotas is crucial in Ayurveda for diagnosing and treating ailments, ensuring that the flow within these channels is not obstructed.
74) Mamsa (Mamsha):
Mamsa refers to muscle tissue in Ayurveda. Maintaining a healthy state of mamsa is essential for overall bodily strength and functionality, thus highlighting its importance when addressing issues such as weakness or a lack of vitality.
75) Tikta:
Tikta translates to a bitter taste, crucial in Ayurvedic treatments for its properties of detoxification and cleansing. Tikta rasa is often used to treat various conditions by influencing digestive functions and removing excess doshas.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 89]
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