Formulation of diclofenac sodium tablets using Vigna mungo gum.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Formulation of diclofenac sodium tablets using Vigna mungo gum.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Drug:
A drug is a substance used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. In the context of this study, diclofenac sodium serves as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for its analgesic effects, particularly beneficial for conditions like arthritis and dysmenorrhea. Understanding the drug's properties is crucial for formulating effective medications.

2) Table:
In this study, the term 'table' refers to a 'matrix tablet,' which is a pharmaceutical dosage form designed to release medication over time. The formulation process and evaluation of tablets were essential for understanding their release kinetics, physical stability, and overall effectiveness in delivering the drug to patients.

3) Vigna mungo:
Vigna mungo, commonly known as black gram or urad dal, is significant for its natural gum, which was utilized as a novel matrix forming agent in this study. The gum's properties enable controlled drug release, making it an ideal candidate for sustainable pharmaceutical applications, potentially replacing synthetic polymers like HPMC.

4) Study (Studying):
Studying refers to the act of conducting research or analysis to gain insights. In this research, studying the formulation and evaluation processes helps understand the interactions between diclofenac sodium and Vigna mungo gum, contributing to optimizing the matrix tablet design for improved controlled release characteristics.

5) Powder:
The term 'powder' is utilized to describe the physical form of ingredients used in the matrix table formulation, such as the ground gum and drug substance. The powder characteristics, including flow properties and particle size, directly impact the tablet's production and performance, making it a critical aspect in pharmaceutical development.

6) Water:
Water serves as a crucial solvent and medium in this study, primarily used for the extraction of Vigna mungo seed gum and during the granulation process of tablet formulation. Its role in the hydration and dissolution of excipients enhances the matrix's ability to control drug release effectively.

7) Nature:
Nature refers to the inherent qualities and characteristics of the substances involved, such as the natural origin of Vigna mungo gum. Natural polymers like this are increasingly significant in pharmaceutical formulations due to their biocompatibility, sustainability, and ability to replicate the functionalities of synthetic materials.

8) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical analysis involves studying the chemical constituents found in plants. In this context, the study focused on the characterization of Vigna mungo seed gum, revealing its composition and potential benefits as a matrix agent. Understanding phytochemicals is key to leveraging natural products for health and medicinal applications.

9) Sugar:
In the context of this study, 'sugar' is mentioned in relation to carbohydrates present in the Vigna mungo gum. Sugar molecules contribute to the gelling and binding properties of the gum, which facilitate the controlled release of drugs from the matrix tablets, impacting therapeutic efficacy.

10) Joshi (Josi):
Mr. U.M. Joshi is acknowledged as a guide in the study, implying a mentor role in directing the research process. His expertise likely provided valuable insight into the formulation development and evaluation techniques, contributing to the study's successful outcomes and academic rigor.

11) Blood:
Blood refers to the physiological fluid in which drug concentrations are measured to assess therapeutic effects. The study aims to maintain optimal drug levels in systemic circulation over extended periods, which is crucial for achieving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing side effects associated with drug administration.

12) Gold (Golden):
Gold is mentioned in the context of preparing SEM samples. The gold sputtering process enhances the conductivity of the Vigna mungo gum sample for electron microscopy analysis, allowing detailed visualization of its morphological features. This step is essential in understanding the gum’s properties for pharmaceutical applications.

13) Post:
Post refers to the evaluations conducted after the completion of tablet production, encompassing various assessments such as thickness, weight variation, friability, and drug content. Post-compression evaluation is vital to ensure tablets meet quality standards and perform effectively in controlled drug delivery.

14) Rheumatoid arthritis:
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and pain in the joints. Diclofenac sodium, studied in this formulation, is commonly prescribed to alleviate the symptoms of such inflammatory conditions, demonstrating the relevance of sustained release formulations in managing chronic diseases effectively.

15) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study of drug action and effects on biological systems. Understanding the pharmacological properties of diclofenac sodium informs its efficacy, dosing, and therapeutic uses, enabling researchers to optimize formulations for enhanced patient outcomes and improved drug delivery systems.

16) Dysmenorrhea (Dysmenorrhoea):
Dysmenorrhea refers to the medical condition of experiencing painful menstruation. As a common indication for diclofenac sodium, this study emphasizes the importance of formulating effective, sustained-release tablets to provide long-lasting relief from menstrual pain, thereby improving patient quality of life.

17) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to harmful stimuli, often associated with pain and swelling, relevant to the condition being treated with diclofenac sodium. The study focuses on formulating a matrix tablet that can deliver the drug effectively to mitigate inflammation and provide analgesic effects.

18) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is the Indian state from which the study's materials, including Vigna mungo seeds, were sourced. The local availability of natural resources like these plays a key role in sustainable pharmaceutical practices, providing cost-effective alternatives to synthetic excipients in drug formulations.

19) Observation:
Observation refers to the systematic examination and recording of data throughout the study. Detailed observations ensure accurate documentation of experimental results, contributing to the validation of findings and enhancing the credibility and reproducibility of the research outcomes in pharmaceutical formulations.

20) Knowledge:
Knowledge encompasses the understanding gained through study and research. In this context, knowledge about the properties of Vigna mungo gum and its role in matrix tablet formulation contributes to advancing pharmaceutical science and developing innovative drug delivery systems with improved patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy.

21) Container:
A container refers to any vessel used to store or carry substances. In the study, airtight containers were used for storing dried Vigna mungo gum to maintain its stability and prevent moisture absorption, ensuring that the material retains its properties for effective use in pharmaceutical formulations.

22) Composite:
Composite refers to a material or formulation made up of two or more components. In the context of the study, the matrix tablets represent a composite system where the drug (diclofenac sodium) and the Vigna mungo gum act together to achieve a controlled release mechanism, enhancing therapeutic outcomes.

23) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transform indicates the process of change or conversion. In this study, the transformation refers to how Vigna mungo gum, through its extraction and isolation, becomes a functional ingredient in the drug formulation, enabling effective drug release and altering the pharmacokinetic profile of diclofenac sodium.

24) Crushing:
Crushing refers to applying mechanical force to break material into smaller particles. In this study, understanding the crushing strength of the formed tablets is critical for ensuring their durability and integrity, as inadequate crushing strength could lead to tablet breakage and inconsistent drug delivery.

25) Relative:
Relative denotes a comparison or relationship between two or more entities. In this context, the study evaluates the relative effectiveness of Vigna mungo gum against standard polymers like HPMC, assessing how their properties influence drug release profiles and formulation performance in controlled drug delivery systems.

26) Heating:
Heating pertains to applying heat to substances, often used in drying or activating materials. In the study, controlled heating is employed during the granulation and drying processes of the Vigna mungo gum to ensure optimal moisture content and consistency in the tablet formulation.

27) Surface:
Surface refers to the outer or upper layer of a material. In this study, surface characteristics of the matrix tablets, assessed through techniques like SEM, are important for understanding drug release dynamics and enhancing the bioavailability of diclofenac sodium in pharmaceutical applications.

28) Muslin:
Muslin is a lightweight fabric used for filtering and straining. In this study, muslin bags were utilized to separate the gum from the marc during the extraction process of Vigna mungo seed gum, ensuring purity and quality in the collected gum for subsequent pharmaceutical formulation.

29) Purity:
Purity refers to the absence of impurities in a substance. In the study, maintaining the purity of Vigna mungo gum is crucial for ensuring consistency and effectiveness in drug formulations, as impurities could adversely affect the performance and safety of the final pharmaceutical product.

30) Medium:
Medium refers to the substance or environment in which drug dissolution and release occur. In this study, the phosphate buffer serves as the dissolution medium, enabling the assessment of the drug release profile of the matrix tablets, critical for evaluating their efficacy and therapeutic performance.

31) India:
India is mentioned as the country where the study was conducted. The availability of local resources like Vigna mungo seeds emphasizes the importance of indigenous materials in pharmaceutical research, promoting sustainable practices while ensuring cost-effective alternatives to conventional excipients in drug formulations.

32) Glass:
Glass refers to a material commonly used for laboratory equipment. In the context of this study, glass items like volumetric flasks are essential to accurately measure and prepare solutions. The precision offered by glassware ensures reliable results in the analytical processes involved in pharmaceutical research.

33) Food:
Food is indirectly referenced through the 'food-grade' status of Vigna mungo gum, highlighting its potential use in various applications beyond pharmaceuticals. By utilizing safe, edible materials, the study advocates for the development of drug delivery systems that are both effective and acceptable in dietary contexts.

34) Pain:
Pain is a significant symptom addressed by diclofenac sodium as an analgesic agent. The formulation of sustained-release tablets aims to offer prolonged relief from pain associated with various conditions, emphasizing the importance of effective pain management in enhancing patient quality of life.

35) Dish (Dis):
Dish refers to a shallow container typically used for cooking or serving food, but in this context, it serves as a metaphorical term for the measured experimental setup. The precise arrangement of materials and components in the study mimics the systematic method of professional cooking.

36) Life:
Life in this context pertains to the quality of life impacted by effective pain management and drug therapies. The sustained release formulations developed aim to enhance the patient's life by providing continuous relief from chronic conditions, thus contributing to overall well-being and daily functioning.