Formulation and evaluation of atenolol oral disintegrating tablets
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Formulation and evaluation of atenolol oral disintegrating tablets
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:
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G. Sandhyarani, J. Srikanth and M. Sarangapani
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Formulation and evaluation of atenolol oral disintegrating tablets
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20177-8755
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The article titled “Formulation and Evaluation of Atenolol Oral Disintegrating Tablets” by G. Sandhyarani et al. focuses on the development of orodispersible tablets containing Atenolol, a medication commonly used to treat high blood pressure and other cardiovascular conditions. Orodispersible dosage forms are particularly beneficial for patients as they provide accurate dosing, improved bioavailability, rapid action, enhanced palatability, and ease of administration. The study aimed to formulate Atenolol orodispersible tablets utilizing various superdisintegrants including Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG), Croscarmellose Sodium (CCS), Crospovidone (CP), and Low-Substituted Hydroxypropyl Cellulose (L-HPC).
Importance of Superdisintegrants
Superdisintegrants play a crucial role in the formulation of orodispersible tablets as they facilitate rapid disintegration upon contact with moisture, promoting quick drug release. The study investigated twelve different tablet formulations, each incorporating various concentrations of the selected superdisintegrants. Among the formulations, F9—containing 5% Crospovidone—emerged as the optimized version due to its superior performance in disintegration time and drug release characteristics. This highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate superdisintegrant in achieving the desired pharmacological effects and improving patient adherence.
Physicochemical Evaluation
After formulating the tablets, the researchers conducted comprehensive physicochemical evaluations, including tests for hardness, weight variation, disintegration time, thickness, and friability, alongside determining the content uniformity of the drug. The results indicated that all formulations met the established standards for these parameters, suggesting that the tablets were consistent and suitable for use. The optimized formulation exhibited excellent characteristics, with a disintegration time of approximately 20 seconds, showcasing significant improvements over traditional tablets and punctuating the convenience offered to patients.
Drug Release Studies
The study also included extensive in vitro drug release studies to assess the efficacy of the formulations. The results demonstrated that the optimized formulation F9 released 99.7% of Atenolol within 15 minutes, compared to just 62.2% from the conventional tablet form. This finding underscores the advantages of using oral disintegrating tablets, as the rapid drug release can potentially lead to quicker therapeutic effects, improving patient outcomes and satisfaction in medication administration.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the research highlighted that the optimized Atenolol oral disintegrating tablets exhibited better release profiles, rapid disintegration times, and overall patient-friendly characteristics compared to conventional tablet formulations. The study’s findings reinforce the essential role of superdisintegrants in oral dosage forms and suggest that Atenolol orodispersible tablets represent a significant advancement over standard alternatives, offering a more effective and convenient option for patients. This innovative formulation could potentially enhance patient adherence and treatment effectiveness in managing hypertension and related health issues.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What were the main objectives of the Atenolol oral disintegrating tablet research?
The main objectives were to formulate and evaluate Atenolol oral disintegrating tablets using various superdisintegrants and to select an optimized formulation based on drug release characteristics.
Which superdisintegrants were used in the Atenolol tablet formulations?
The superdisintegrants used included Sodium starch glycolate (SSG), Croscarmellose sodium (CCS), Crospovidone (CP), and Low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC) in various concentrations.
How was the best formulation of Atenolol tablets determined?
The best formulation, F9 with 5% Crospovidone, was selected based on its optimal drug release and disintegration time compared to other formulations and a conventional tablet.
What were the key findings regarding the disintegration time of the tablets?
The in vitro disintegration times for the formulated tablets ranged from 20 to 32.98 seconds, demonstrating that they disintegrated quickly, enhancing patient compliance.
How did the optimized formulation compare with conventional tablets?
The optimized formulation (F9) released 99.7% of the drug within 15 minutes, significantly better than the conventional Metoprolol Tartarate tablets, which only released 62.2%.
What was the significance of using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)?
FTIR was utilized to identify potential physicochemical interactions between the drug and excipients, ensuring that there were no incompatibilities that could affect the formulation.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Formulation and evaluation of atenolol oral disintegrating tablets”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
The term 'Drug' refers to the active pharmaceutical ingredient that addresses a specific health issue. In the context of the study, Atenolol serves as the drug intended for formulation into orodispersible tablets. The successful delivery and efficacy of a drug depend on its formulation, release characteristics, and the dosage form, all aimed at achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes for patients.
2) Water:
In pharmaceutical formulations, 'Water' plays a crucial role as a solvent and medium for dissolution. It aids in the disintegration process of tablets, affecting bioavailability and absorption of drugs. The study examines the water absorption ratio, emphasizing its impact on the performance of orodispersible tablets, as well as patient compliance.
3) Kakatiya:
'Kakatiya' refers to Kakatiya University, a prominent education and research institution in India. The university's College of Pharmaceutical Sciences is involved in rigorous research, including the formulation and evaluation of medications. The institution is pivotal in producing skilled professionals and conducting innovative research to advance pharmaceutical sciences.
4) Warangal:
'Warangal' is a city in India known for its rich history and as an educational hub. It is home to Kakatiya University, where pharmaceutical research and development initiatives are undertaken. The location adds geographical significance, as it contributes to the regional growth of the pharmaceutical sector and promotes higher education.
5) Science (Scientific):
'Science' encompasses the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation. In the context of the research article, it signifies the application of scientific principles in drug formulation and evaluation, emphasizing the importance of empirical evidence in developing effective medical treatments.
6) India:
'India' is a country with a growing pharmaceutical industry, contributing significantly to global healthcare. The research conducted in India reflects the country's advancements in drug formulation technologies. Indian institutions like Kakatiya University are integral to the development of innovative drug delivery systems, promoting health and well-being on a regional and global scale.
7) Discussion:
'Discussion' refers to the section of a research paper where findings are analyzed, interpreted, and contextualized. It allows researchers to articulate the implications of their results, compare them with prior studies, and highlight the advancements in the field. This section is vital for understanding the significance of the research in advancing pharmaceutical sciences.
8) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
'Transform' denotes the process of change or conversion, particularly in the context of modifying a conventional drug into a more efficient form, such as an orodispersible tablet. This transformation aims to enhance drug efficacy, improve patient compliance, and ensure rapid action, directly addressing the challenges associated with existing formulations.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Formulation and evaluation of atenolol oral disintegrating tablets’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Bioavailability, Patient compliance, Direct compression method.