Appraisal of obesity andamp; related dyslipidemia w.s.r. medoroga in ayurveda

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Appraisal of obesity & related dyslipidemia w.s.r. medoroga in ayurveda
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Dr. Harbans Singh, Dr. Amit Kumar Rai, Dr. Deepa Sharma and Dr. Sanjiv Kumar


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Appraisal of obesity & related dyslipidemia w.s.r. medoroga in ayurveda

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20178-8956


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Obesity and dyslipidemia represent significant metabolic disorders affecting human health, as recognized by both modern and traditional medical perspectives such as Ayurveda. The World Health Organization acknowledges obesity as a critical health threat of the 21st century, indicating a considerable rise in its prevalence globally. This rise correlates with lifestyle changes, including unhealthy dietary habits and decreased physical activity, leading to various health complications. Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicine, has documented the existence of obesity and its associated disorders, identifying specific causes and treatments that aim to address these issues holistically.

The Concept of Medoroga in Ayurveda

In Ayurveda, obesity is termed "Medoroga," which directly links to the derangement of "Meda Dhatu" (fat tissue). The term reflects two types of fat: "Baddha Meda," representing stored adipose tissue, and "Abaddha Meda," referring to circulating lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides. The condition of Medoroga is viewed as a consequence of excessive nourishment without adequate physical exercise, leading to the accumulation of fat in the body. It is characterized by a range of symptoms including breathlessness, lack of vitality, excessive appetite, and psychological implications. Recognized in classical texts, Medoroga serves as a foundational concept in understanding obesity from an Ayurvedic perspective.

Aetiopathogenesis of Medoroga

The aetiology of Medoroga encompasses various factors, particularly lifestyle and dietary habits, categorized under "Nidana" (causes). High-calorie, unwholesome foods, coupled with sedentary habits and psychological stress, lead to the accumulation of Ama (toxins) that disturb the balance of body doshas (energies). This disturbance primarily affects "Kapha," which vitiates "Vata" and results in a pathological state. The Ayurvedic texts further discuss how genetic factors can predispose individuals to obesity, reinforcing the idea that Medoroga results from both environmental and hereditary influences. Accordingly, the onset of Medoroga prompts a multi-faceted approach to treatment, addressing the imbalance from different angles.

Ayurvedic Management Strategies

Ayurvedic treatment for Medoroga involves various therapeutic approaches intended to restore balance among the doshas. Strategies include dietary modifications as prescribed by Acharya Charak, focusing on "Guru" (heavy) and "Aptarpana" (depleting) foods to help manage weight. Additionally, practices such as "Samshodhana" (bio-purification therapies) are employed to eliminate toxins and reduce excessive adiposity. Modalities such as Vamana (emesis) and Virechana (purgation) serve to detoxify the body. Herbs and formulations recommended in Ayurvedic literature, such as Guggulu and Mustaka, are specifically aimed at mobilizing and metabolizing excess fat, thereby promoting overall well-being. Exercise and yoga are heavily emphasized to enhance metabolic activity and further support weight loss.

Conclusion

The alignment of Ayurvedic concepts with modern understandings of obesity and dyslipidemia underscores the need for holistic management strategies that incorporate both traditional wisdom and contemporary scientific insights. By recognizing Medoroga as a significant factor influencing health, individuals can be guided toward effective interventions that promote lifestyle changes alongside medicinal treatments. The integration of diet modifications, exercise, and Ayurvedic practices presents a comprehensive approach to combatting this modern epidemic, aiming not only to reduce weight but also enhance overall health outcomes, significantly mitigating associated health risks.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Medoroga and how is it related to obesity?

Medoroga is an Ayurvedic term synonymous with obesity, characterized by deranged Meda Dhatu (fat tissue) leading to excessive fat deposition in the body, particularly in the abdomen, buttocks, and chest.

What are the primary causes of obesity according to Ayurveda?

Obesity, or Medoroga, is primarily caused by genetic predisposition, overeating, lack of physical activity, and the consumption of high-calorie foods, leading to vitiation of Kapha and Meda Dhatu.

How does obesity impact overall health and mortality?

Obesity significantly increases mortality and morbidity rates, contributing to conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and various cancers, along with psychological consequences for individuals.

What treatment approaches does Ayurveda recommend for obesity?

Ayurveda advocates prompt treatment focusing on normalizing Kapha and Vayu, decreasing Meda through diet, lifestyle modifications, and specific therapies like bio-purification and medicinal formulations.

What are the key lifestyle modifications to manage obesity?

Essential lifestyle modifications include a balanced diet, regular exercise, yoga, and adopting a holistic approach combining dietary changes, biopurification, medications, and stress management.

What symptoms are associated with Medoroga or obesity?

Symptoms of Medoroga include excessive body fat, breathlessness, snoring, low energy, excessive appetite and thirst, and various complications affecting physical and psychological health.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Appraisal of obesity andamp; related dyslipidemia w.s.r. medoroga in ayurveda”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Medas (Meda, Medash):
Meda refers to fat or adipose tissue in Ayurveda. It plays a crucial role in the body’s metabolism and contributes to energy storage. In the context of obesity (Medoroga), an excess of Meda leads to various health complications, reflecting the imbalance of this Dhatu in the body.

2) Medoroga (Medas-roga):
Medoroga is an Ayurvedic term for obesity, characterized by the accumulation of Meda (body fat) leading to adverse health effects. It signifies a metabolic disorder stemming from excess nourishment (Santarpan) and is linked to dyslipidemia and associated health risks, encompassing a broader concept of body imbalance.

3) Disease:
In the context of the text, a disease refers to a pathological condition that affects the body, resulting from imbalances in the body's doshas, dhatus, or agni. Medoroga, as a disease, leads to significant physical and psychological suffering, revealing the intricate link between lifestyle and health.

4) Sthaulya:
Sthaulya is an Ayurvedic term synonymous with obesity, describing a condition characterized by excessive fat accumulation and morphological disproportion. It emphasizes the imbalance of Meda (fat tissue), which adversely affects physical health and is recognized in classical texts, correlating with contemporary understandings of obesity.

5) Dhatu:
In Ayurveda, Dhatu refers to the fundamental biological elements or tissues that constitute the body, each with specific functions. Meda Dhatu, for instance, signifies fat tissue, which is vital for energy storage and metabolism, and its imbalance can lead to disorders like Medoroga.

6) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine that emphasizes the balance of body, mind, and spirit. It provides a holistic approach to health, with a focus on natural remedies, lifestyle recommendations, and dietary adjustments to prevent and treat conditions such as Medoroga, promoting overall well-being.

7) Sthula:
Sthula translates to 'obese' or 'large', referring to an individual who is overweight. This term is often used in Ayurvedic texts to describe a person with an excess of Meda. The term carries negative connotations for health and lifestyle, indicating an imbalance to be addressed through Ayurveda.

8) Guru:
In the context of diet and treatment, Guru signifies heavy food items, characterized by their rich, dense composition. Ayurvedic treatment of Sthaulya often involves reducing intake of Guru Aahar to alleviate obesity, aiding the process of normalizing body balance and addressing accumulated Meda.

9) Diet:
Diet, or Aahar in Ayurveda, encompasses the nutritional components consumed to maintain health and balance. A proper diet is essential in managing conditions like Medoroga, focusing on moderation and the incorporation of foods that promote digestion, metabolism, and overall vitality.

10) Drug:
In the context of Ayurvedic treatment, drugs (Dravya) refer to herbal formulations or medicines used to address health issues. Specific drugs such as Guggulu are utilized in managing Medoroga, providing therapeutic benefits to balance the body’s doshas and improve metabolic functions.

11) Baddha:
Baddha refers to adipose tissue that is immobile or stored in the body. Understanding the distinction between Baddha Meda (static fat) and Abaddha Meda (circulating lipids) is crucial in Ayurvedic practices for developing effective treatment protocols for obesity-related disorders.

12) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, representing the elements of earth and water. It governs stability, structure, and lubrication within the body. An imbalance in Kapha is often associated with obesity (Medoroga), leading to excess accumulation of Meda or fat.

13) Atisthula (Ati-sthula):
Atisthula signifies severe obesity in Ayurvedic classification. This condition is characterized by extreme accumulation of Meda and presents multiple health complications. Ayurvedic management for Atisthula involves intensive treatment regimens to reduce excess weight and restore balance in the body.

14) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Shodhana refers to detoxification or bio-purification therapies in Ayurveda aimed at cleansing the body of accumulated toxins. In the management of Medoroga, Shodhana techniques are employed to restore balance, mobilizing and eliminating excess fat (Meda) for improved health.

15) Activity:
Activity, in the context of managing obesity, emphasizes physical movement and exercise. In Ayurveda, regular physical activity supports metabolic functions, aids weight management, and counters the sedentary lifestyle that often contributes to conditions like Medoroga.

16) Guggulu:
Guggulu is an Ayurvedic herb used for its lipid-lowering properties. It is renowned for its efficacy in treating Medoroga by mobilizing excess adipose tissue and enhancing metabolic functions. Guggulu serves as a critical component in Ayurvedic formulations targeting dyslipidemia.

17) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa signifies the essence or taste of food in Ayurveda, which is vital in determining its effects on the body. Different Rasas (taste profiles) influence the body’s metabolic responses and play a role in selecting appropriate foods for managing obesity and promoting overall health.

18) Vata:
Vata, one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, represents the elements of air and space. It governs movement and circulation in the body. An imbalance in Vata can exacerbate conditions like obesity (Medoroga) due to its effect on digestive and metabolic processes.

19) Suffering:
Suffering in the context of Medoroga encompasses the physical and psychological impacts of obesity. Excess weight leads to various health complications and lifestyle limitations, contributing to decreased quality of life, making it essential to address obesity through holistic Ayurvedic interventions.

20) Nidana:
Nidana refers to the causes or etiological factors contributing to disease in Ayurveda. Identifying Nidana is critical in diagnosing conditions like Medoroga, as it helps practitioners develop effective treatment strategies aimed at correcting imbalances leading to obesity.

21) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi translates to 'disease' or 'disorder' in Ayurveda, representing any deviation from a state of health. Medoroga is a Vyadhi characterized by excessive Meda (body fat) affecting an individual’s health, requiring appropriate therapeutic measures to restore balance and well-being.

22) Death:
Death, in the context of obesity (Medoroga), symbolizes the severe risks associated with uncontrolled weight gain. Obesity can lead to life-threatening conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and other chronic illnesses, making it crucial to manage weight effectively to prevent premature mortality.

23) Vayu:
Vayu, another of the three doshas in Ayurveda, symbolizes movement and function within the body. It plays a key role in digestion and metabolism. Imbalances in Vayu can contribute to obesity, making its regulation vital for restoring health and preventing Medoroga.

24) Atisthaulya:
Atisthaulya refers to a serious form of obesity in Ayurveda, characterized by significant fat accumulation. The classification is important for treatment, as it determines the severity and necessary interventions, emphasizing the need for lifestyle modifications and effective therapeutic strategies.

25) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayana signifies rejuvenation therapies within Ayurveda aimed at promoting overall health and longevity. In the context of obesity, Rasayana treatments focus on restoring balance to bodily functions and enhancing metabolism, aiding in weight management and improving physical vitality.

26) Epidemic:
The term epidemic highlights the widespread prevalence of obesity as a global health crisis. The rise in obesity rates presents significant public health challenges, necessitating collective action and effective interventions to combat this epidemic and its associated health risks.

27) Samhita:
Samhita refers to ancient texts consolidating Ayurvedic knowledge, documenting principles, and guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Texts like Charak Samhita serve as foundational resources, providing detailed insights into conditions like Medoroga and delineating therapeutic approaches.

28) Purusha (Purusa):
Purusha, meaning person or individual in Ayurveda, often embodies the holistic view of human beings. The concept emphasizes that every individual has unique constitutions and health challenges, making personalized approaches vital for managing conditions like Medoroga.

29) Pipasa:
Pipasa translates to thirst, a sensation that can be exacerbated by conditions like Medoroga. In Ayurveda, excessive thirst is symptomatic of imbalances, often linked to Kapha dosha and indicating the need for dietary modifications and proper hydration.

30) Cancer:
Cancer is referenced as a concerning complication linked to obesity. The relationship between excess body weight and increased cancer risk emphasizes the importance of weight management to reduce disease susceptibility and promote overall health.

31) Thirst:
Thirst, or Pipasa, refers to the physical sensation of needing liquids, often intensified in conditions such as Medoroga. Ayurvedic approaches to managing obesity address excessive thirst through proper dietary practices and fluid intake to maintain balance.

32) Ahara:
Ahara, or diet, is foundational to Ayurveda, encompassing all that is consumed. Proper Ahara is crucial for health maintenance, and in managing Medoroga, it signifies the need for balanced nutritional intake to avoid excessive fat accumulation.

33) Blood:
Blood in Ayurveda is essential for sustaining life, representing nourishment and vitality. Poor dietary habits leading to conditions like Medoroga can impact blood composition and circulation, underscoring the importance of dietary and lifestyle management to maintain blood health.

34) Loha:
Loha refers to metals or iron in Ayurveda and symbolizes strength and vitality. Nutritional elements derived from a balanced diet, including Loha, are crucial for overall health, impacting energy levels and the body's resilience against conditions like Medoroga.

35) Food:
Food (Aahar) is a primary concern in Ayurveda that reflects the quality of nourishment received by the body. The type and quality of food intake are essential for preventing and treating obesity, making dietary education a cornerstone of health management.

36) Sign:
Sign refers to manifestations or symptoms observable in a patient that indicate the presence of a disease. Recognizing signs of Medoroga enables practitioners to diagnose and manage obesity effectively, guiding appropriate therapeutic interventions.

37) Life:
Life embodies the holistic experiences of individuals, with health being a core component. In managing conditions like Medoroga, the focus is on improving the quality of life through balanced diets, therapies, and lifestyle adjustments aligned with Ayurvedic principles.

38) Berberis aristata:
Berberis aristata, known as Daruharidra, is a medicinal herb utilized in Ayurveda, particularly for its anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic properties. It plays a role in managing conditions like Medoroga by supporting metabolic functions and helping to reduce excess adipose tissue.

39) Purification:
Purification pertains to cleansing and detoxifying the body, critical in Ayurvedic treatments for conditions like Medoroga. Techniques such as Shodhana aim to eliminate accumulated toxins and restore physiological balance, facilitating effective weight management and overall health improvement.

40) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulate refers to the gradual build-up of substances, particularly fat in the context of obesity. Effective weight management strategies focus on preventing excess accumulation of fat, aiding in the holistic treatment of conditions like Medoroga.

41) Agnimantha (Agni-mantha, Agnimamtha):
Agnimantha, or Clerodendrum phlomidis, is an Ayurvedic herb recognized for its properties in managing obesity. It assists in weight reduction by influencing metabolic processes and aiding in the mobilization of excess fat, contributing to the holistic management of Medoroga.

42) Abhyantara (Abhyamtara):
Abhyantara signifies internal purification techniques in Ayurveda aimed at detoxifying the body. Methods like Vamana (emesis) and Virechana (purgation) are utilized for individuals with Medoroga, promoting the release of accumulated toxins and excess fat for restoring metabolic balance.

43) Lekhaniya:
Lekhaniya refers to a category of Ayurvedic drugs specifically indicated for the mobilization of excess fat. These formulations are vital in treating Medoroga, as they aid in reducing adipose tissue and improving overall metabolic functions, aligning with holistic health practices.

44) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiated refers to disrupted or imbalanced doshas causing health issues. Identifying vitiated states, particularly concerning Meda and Kapha, is essential for developing appropriate Ayurvedic interventions for managing obesity.

45) Krathana:
Krathana refers to snoring, a symptom often associated with obesity (Medoroga). This manifestation reflects the physiological impacts of fat accumulation on the respiratory system, highlighting the interconnectedness of obesity with various health issues that affect quality of life.

46) Sithila (Shithila):
Shithila translates to 'loosened' or 'relaxed,' often describing the texture of the body or tissues affected by excess fat in the context of Obesity. Shithila signs the need for therapeutic interventions to restore tone and vitality in the body.

47) Medicine:
Medicine signifies the substances used for health restoration and disease prevention. In Ayurveda, it encompasses herbal therapies and formulations that address imbalances such as those found in Medoroga, promoting overall wellness and effective management of health conditions.

48) Lekhana:
Lekhana is a therapeutic process aimed at scraping or mobilizing excess fat from the body. It involves using specific herbs and treatments to reduce Meda accumulation, particularly in conditions like Medoroga, facilitating weight loss and improved physical function.

49) Prameha:
Prameha refers to metabolic disorders affecting urine, often linked with obesity. The Ayurvedic understanding of Prameha encompasses conditions like diabetes, highlighting how Medoroga contributes to broader metabolic syndromes that may affect numerous bodily functions.

50) Kshudra (Ksudra):
Kshudra denotes minor or insignificant symptoms that can also be significant in context. In relation to Medoroga, Kshudra manifestations often reflect underlying issues that, when left unchecked, may evolve into more serious health conditions necessitating timely intervention.

51) Vyayama:
Vyayama means exercise or physical activity. It holds a crucial position in Ayurvedic practices for preventing and managing obesity (Medoroga) by stimulating metabolic processes, improving body composition, and enhancing overall health and well-being.

52) Snigdha:
Snigdha translates to oily or unctuous foods in Ayurveda and signifies heavier diet types that can contribute to weight gain. Recognizing Snigdha foods' role is essential in managing conditions like Medoroga, as they can exacerbate the accumulation of adipose tissue.

53) Vikriti (Vikrti):
Vikriti refers to the state of imbalance or disease in an individual's constitution. In the context of Medoroga, Vikriti signifies the pathological changes resulting from excess accumulation of Meda (fat), necessitating therapeutic interventions to restore balance and health.

54) Account:
Account refers to the detailed examination and understanding of an individual’s health status in Ayurveda. Understanding one’s account of health, including signs and symptoms of conditions like Medoroga, is crucial for devising effective therapeutic interventions.

55) Ruksha (Ruksa):
Ruksha signifies dry or rough qualities in food or substances. In treating obesity, Ruksha foods can be recommended to balance Kapha and reduce excess Meda, serving as part of a holistic dietary approach aimed at treating Medoroga effectively.

56) Vihara:
Vihara refers to lifestyle or physical activity habits in Ayurveda. Proper Vihara practices are essential in managing conditions like Medoroga, promoting movement and health-promoting behaviors that counteract sedentary lifestyles contributing to obesity.

57) Punjab:
Punjab is a region in India where several Ayurvedic practices and treatments are prevalent. Its cultural practices and dietary habits influence health outcomes, including the rising issues of obesity, making the study of traditional medicine relevant in addressing local health challenges.

58) Reason:
Reason refers to the underlying causes or factors contributing to health conditions. In managing obesity, identifying reasons such as dietary habits and lifestyle choices is crucial for developing effective treatment plans aimed at restoring health.

59) Sneha:
Sneha refers to unctuousness or oiliness in Ayurveda and indicates nutritional aspects of the body that can encourage or inhibit fat accumulation. Understanding Sneha is vital in managing obesity as it influences body composition and metabolic processes.

60) Mamsa (Mamsha):
Mamsa refers to muscle tissue in Ayurveda and contributes to the overall structure and function of the body. Its relationship with Meda (fat) is important in managing obesity, as balance between these tissues is essential for maintaining metabolic health.

61) Bahya:
Bahya signifies external purification methods in Ayurvedic treatments. Techniques like Udvartana (dry massage) are used for addressing issues like obesity by facilitating the redistribution of fat and promoting weight loss, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive therapeutic approach.

62) India:
India is the birthplace of Ayurveda, encompassing a rich tradition of herbal medicine, dietary practices, and holistic health management. The increasing prevalence of conditions like Medoroga in India underscores the need for integrated approaches to address public health concerns.

63) Kumar:
Kumar, a common surname, could refer to individuals contributing to Ayurvedic scholarship or practices studied in the context of obesity and treatments for Medoroga. It often signifies the integration of modern scholarship into traditional practices.

64) Aahar:
Aahar translates to food or dietary intake, playing a pivotal role in Ayurveda. Proper Aahar is fundamental in preventing and managing obesity, guiding individuals toward balanced meals that promote health and vitality while avoiding excessive fat accumulation.

65) Sweating (Sweat):
Sweat represents the body's mechanism to regulate temperature and detoxification. In the context of obesity, increased sweating can be a manifestation of metabolic disturbances. Proper understanding of sweat production relates to Ayurveda's holistic approach to balance and health.

66) Agni:
Agni, or digestive fire in Ayurveda, is vital for metabolic processes. A balanced Agni ensures effective digestion and nutrient absorption. In treating conditions like Medoroga, interventions focus on enhancing Agni to facilitate proper metabolism and prevent fat accumulation.

67) Bala:
Bala denotes strength or vitality in Ayurvedic texts. Maintaining sufficient Bala is crucial for overall health, influencing the body's ability to manage weight effectively and combat the impacts of conditions like Medoroga.

68) Yoga:
Yoga refers to a system of physical, mental, and spiritual practices aimed at promoting health and well-being. It plays a vital role in managing obesity by improving physical fitness, reducing stress, and enhancing overall metabolic balance.

69) Vati:
Vati refers to tablets or herbal pills in Ayurveda, commonly used for therapeutic purposes. Ayurvedic formulations often include Vati to address conditions like Medoroga, offering specific benefits to aid in weight management and metabolic health.

70) Alpa:
Alpa translates to 'low' or 'less' in Ayurveda, often describing insufficient strength or vitality. In the context of obesity, Alpa can signify decreased energy levels in individuals with Medoroga, highlighting the need for balanced dietary and lifestyle interventions.

71) Tinospora cordifolia:
Tinospora cordifolia, commonly known as Guduchi, is an Ayurvedic herb recognized for its immunomodulatory and rejuvenative properties. It plays a supportive role in managing obesity by promoting metabolic health and enhancing overall vitality.

72) Zingiber officinale:
Zingiber officinale, or Ginger, is a potent Ayurvedic herb known for its digestive benefits and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used to support weight management by aiding digestion and enhancing metabolism while addressing symptoms associated with Medoroga.

73) Emblica officinalis:
Emblica officinalis, known as Amla, is a crucial herb in Ayurveda prized for its high vitamin C content and antioxidant properties. It supports metabolic processes, playing a role in managing obesity and overall health enhancement.

74) Terminalia chebula:
Terminalia chebula, or Haritaki, is an important herb in Ayurveda recognized for its digestive and detoxifying properties. It supports weight management and enhances metabolism, making it vital in the Ayurvedic treatment of obesity (Medoroga).

75) Burning sensation:
The burning sensation refers to a common symptom associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity. In Ayurveda, it signifies imbalances requiring attention to dietary and lifestyle factors to restore health and alleviate discomfort.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 165]

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Kapha and Vayu.

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