Role of matrix tablet in sustained release system
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Role of matrix tablet in sustained release system
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Saritadevi Gupta, Asish Dev, Samreen Mansoori and Akshay Yelwe
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Role of matrix tablet in sustained release system
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20178-9068
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The formulation of sustained release dosage forms is a critical aspect of pharmaceutical technology that aims to prolong the therapeutic effect of a drug by controlling its release into the systemic circulation. Matrix tablets, a prevalent method for achieving sustained release, involve incorporating drugs within a matrix of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers, allowing for a controlled release profile. Different types of matrices, such as hydrophobic, hydrophilic, lipid, biodegradable, and mineral matrices, offer various advantages and challenges in drug delivery. This article provides an overview of the advantages, disadvantages, and formulation considerations of matrix tablets in sustained release systems.
Mechanisms of Drug Release from Matrix Tablets
Drug release from matrix tablets can occur through various mechanisms, predominantly diffusion-controlled systems. This involves the movement of the drug from the tablet matrix to the surrounding environment. The rate of drug release is influenced by several factors, including the matrix's porosity, polymer properties, drug concentration, and the solubility of the active ingredient. The mathematical modeling of drug release can be described by equations that relate the amount of drug released to the square root of time, highlighting that a direct relationship exists between diffusion processes and the release kinetics. Understanding these mechanisms allows for the tuning of drug delivery systems to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes.
Types of Matrix Systems
Matrix systems can be categorized into different types based on their structure and release mechanisms, including reservoir systems, monolithic systems, and osmotic pump systems. Reservoir systems contain a drug core surrounded by a membrane that controls release through diffusion. In contrast, monolithic systems have the drug dispersed throughout a single polymer matrix. Osmotic pump systems utilize osmotic pressure to dispense the drug at a constant rate. Each type presents unique advantages, such as controlled release rates and the ability to house various drug solubility characteristics, enabling the formulation of tailored drug delivery systems.
Formulation Criteria and Challenges
The formulation of sustained release matrix tablets is governed by several physicochemical parameters. Ideal drugs for matrix formulation typically have a molecular weight of less than 1000 Daltons, adequate aqueous solubility, and a suitable elimination half-life. Certain drugs are unsuitable for sustained release formats, especially those with very short half-lives or high first-pass metabolism. Additionally, the selection of appropriate polymers is crucial, as they significantly affect the release behavior. Challenges such as cost analysis, manufacturing complexities, and the need for extensive in vitro and in vivo testing further highlight the need for careful formulation design.
Conclusion
Matrix tablets play a vital role in the development of sustained release drug formulations, improving therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. This review elucidates the mechanisms of drug release, the types of matrix systems, formulation criteria, and the challenges faced in developing these systems. By understanding these factors, pharmaceutical technologists can design effective sustained release formulations that optimize drug delivery, minimize side effects, and enhance the overall therapeutic experience for patients. Continued research and advancements in formulation technologies will further refine these systems, allowing for more precise and controlled drug release in clinical settings.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are the advantages of using matrix tablets for drug delivery?
Matrix tablets are easy to manufacture, cost-effective, and maintain therapeutic drug concentrations over prolonged periods, improving patient compliance. They also reduce toxicity, enhance drug stability, and minimize local and systemic side effects.
What are the disadvantages of matrix tablets in pharmaceuticals?
Disadvantages include the necessity of removing the remaining matrix post-release, high preparation costs, and variability in drug release rates due to factors like food intake and gut transit time.
What types of matrices are used in sustained release?
Various matrix types include hydrophobic, lipid, hydrophilic, biodegradable, and mineral matrices, each using different mechanisms to control drug release rates.
Which polymers are commonly used in matrix tablets?
Common polymers include hydrogels like PHEMA, soluble polymers like PEG, and biodegradable polymers such as PLA, along with natural and synthetic polymers for matrix formation.
What are the criteria for formulating matrix tablets?
The drug should have a molecular weight below 1000 Dalton, adequate aqueous solubility, and a suitable elimination half-life, alongside other physicochemical properties.
How is drug release from matrix tablets controlled?
Drug release mechanisms include diffusion, erosion, and swelling of the matrix, influenced by factors such as polymer characteristics, drug solubility, and environmental conditions.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Role of matrix tablet in sustained release system”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
The term 'drug' refers to the active pharmaceutical ingredient that is formulated into dosage forms like sustained release matrix tablets. Its effectiveness, solubility, and release profile are critical for therapeutic efficacy, influencing drug design and how the body absorbs and processes it in treatment protocols.
2) Gupta:
Gupta is the last name of the lead author of the study, Saritadevi Gupta, who has contributed significantly to the research on sustained release matrix tablets. Author credentials and their affiliations are important in establishing the credibility of the research findings and the reliability of the information presented.
3) Water:
Water is a key solvent used in the preparation and dissolution of sustained release matrix tablets. It interacts with the polymers, facilitating the hydration and swelling process that is essential for drug release mechanisms. The quality and pH of water can greatly affect the dissolution behavior of the drug.
4) Life:
'Life' in this context refers to the biological processes affected by drugs, including their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The concepts of drug stability, effectiveness, and patient compliance emphasize how sustenance and prolongation of therapeutic effects are critical for improving patients' quality of life during treatment.
5) Swelling:
Swelling is a physical property of hydrophilic polymers used in sustained release matrix tablets. When these polymers come into contact with water, they absorb liquid, expand, and form a gel-like barrier. This swelled gel modulates drug release by creating a diffusion barrier, essential for controlling the timing of drug delivery.
6) Medium:
The 'medium' often refers to the dissolution medium used in in vitro drug release studies. It's crucial for simulating the conditions within the gastrointestinal tract, allowing researchers to assess the drug's solubility and release characteristics effectively. The choice of medium can significantly impact drug release behaviors.
7) Pur:
'Poor' is typically used to describe drug solubility, which can affect the drug's bioavailability and release profile from matrix tablets. Drugs with poor solubility may have release mechanisms that are challenging to optimize, necessitating special formulation strategies to enhance dissolution and therapeutic effect.
8) Surface:
The 'surface' of the matrix tablet is vital in determining the rate of drug release. The surface area exposed to the dissolution medium affects drug diffusion and the speed at which the drug is released. A larger surface area can enhance the release rate, particularly for soluble drugs.
9) Study (Studying):
'Study' implies the systematic investigation carried out to evaluate the formulation, performance, and characteristics of sustained release matrix tablets. Studies provide insights into drug release behaviors, formulation methods, and the effects of various polymers, informing best practices for pharmaceutical development.
10) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a state in India where the research was conducted. The geographical location may influence the pharmaceutical practices and regulations relevant to drug development and distribution. The college affiliations in Maharashtra also contribute to the academic credibility of the authors involved in this study.
11) Channel:
In the context of matrix tablets, 'channel' refers to the pathways created within the polymer matrix that allow drug molecules to diffuse out. The size and structure of these channels significantly influence the rate of drug release and are critical for controlled delivery systems.
12) India:
India is mentioned as the country where the research was conducted, indicating the location's influence on the study's context. The pharmaceutical industry in India is a growing sector, contributing to research and development in drug delivery systems and access to medications globally.
13) Biodegradable:
'Biodegradable' describes materials that can be broken down by biological processes. In matrix tablets, biodegradable polymers are important for ensuring that the matrix is safely removed from the body after the drug is released, minimizing environmental impact and enhancing patient safety during drug service.
14) Blood:
The term 'blood' is used to indicate the systemic circulation through which drugs are dispersed once released from the matrix tablets. Understanding how drugs enter the bloodstream helps design formulations with the appropriate release rates to maintain therapeutic concentrations and minimize potential side effects.
15) Powder:
'Powder' refers to the physical state of the drug before tablet formulation. The quality and characteristics of the powdered drug matter for ensuring uniformity during processing, affecting the drug's release behavior once combined with polymers to create matrix tablets.
16) Toxicity:
'Toxicity' relates to the potential harmful effects that drugs may have on biological systems. Sustained release matrix tablets are designed to minimize toxicity by controlling drug release rates, leading to stable plasma concentrations and reducing peak exposure that may lead to adverse effects.
17) Mineral:
'Mineral' typically refers to the components or polymers obtained from natural minerals used in the formulation of matrix tablets. These minerals can influence the mechanical properties of the tablets and may offer additional benefits in terms of biocompatibility and influence drug release dynamics.
18) Nature:
The term 'nature' often refers to the inherent properties of the materials used in the matrix tablet formulation, including their solubility, swelling capacity, and biodegradability. Understanding these natural characteristics is crucial for predicting how a drug will behave in the biological environment.
19) Patel:
Patel is a last name mentioned among the authors of the research article. The contribution of each author enhances the collaborative nature of the research and indicates a collective effort in advancing knowledge in pharmaceutical development and sustained release drug delivery systems.
20) Pharmacological:
'Pharmacological' relates to the behavior and effects of drugs within biological systems. This term is integral to discussions about how sustained release formulations impact drug efficacy, therapeutic outcomes, and patient safety in relation to specific drugs' actions and interactions within the body.
21) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
'Accumulation' refers to the gradual buildup of a substance, typically a drug, in the body over time. In the context of sustained release formulations, careful design is crucial to ensure drugs do not accumulate to toxic levels while maintaining effective therapeutic concentrations.
22) Surrounding:
The 'surrounding' environment refers to the medium or biological context in which the drug is released. The characteristics of the surrounding medium, such as pH and viscosity, can greatly influence how the drug diffuses out of the matrix and into systemic circulation.
23) Reliability:
'Reliability' indicates the consistency and trustworthiness of sustained release formulations to deliver the intended therapeutic effect. Reliable formulations are crucial for regulatory approval and patient trust, impacting the overall effectiveness of medication in clinical settings.
24) Observation:
In scientific research, 'observation' refers to the act of monitoring and recording phenomena related to drug release and action. Careful observation is key in experiments to ensure accurate data collection, which leads to improved insights into formulation performance and patient outcomes.
25) Discussion:
'Discussion' refers to the section of the research where authors interpret their findings, address implications, and suggest future research avenues. This is a crucial aspect of scientific communication, allowing researchers to contextualize their results within the broader field of pharmaceutical sciences.
26) Developing:
'Developing' pertains to the processes involved in creating new pharmaceutical formulations, particularly sustained-release matrix tablets. This encompasses research and experimentation aimed at improving drug delivery systems to enhance patient outcomes and address therapeutic challenges in medicine.
27) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotics are medications used to treat bacterial infections. In the context of sustained release formulations, ensuring the effective delivery of antibiotics can help maintain therapeutic concentrations, reduce dosing frequency, and improve patient compliance, thus enhancing treatment effectiveness.
28) Colouring (Coloring):
'Colouring' may refer to the addition of colorants in the pharmaceutical formulation to aid in identification and improve aesthetics. This is important in the differentiation of tablets, helping patients and healthcare providers recognize specific medications, thereby reducing dispensing errors.
29) Relative:
Relative refers to the relationships and comparisons between various factors in the study, such as drug release rates, polymer characteristics, and effects on biological systems. Relative measures help clarify the significance of findings and can guide future research and development strategies.
30) Entering:
'Entering' refers to the process of a drug entering systemic circulation after release from the matrix tablet. The rate of entering is crucial for determining the onset of action, achieving therapeutic levels, and ensuring that the drug is available for biological effects.
31) Chauhan:
Chauhan is one of the authors involved in the research, contributing to the collective expertise that supports the findings. Author credentials enhance the credibility of the study, indicating collaborative efforts in advancing pharmaceutical science and formulating effective drug delivery systems.
32) Rathore:
Rathore is another author noted in the study. The diversity of their backgrounds signifies a collaborative approach to the research, which is essential for providing a comprehensive understanding of sustained release formulations and improving pharmaceutical practices.
33) Quality:
'Quality' in pharmaceutical formulations refers to the standard and characteristics of the product, ensuring that it meets established specifications for safety, efficacy, and consistency. Quality assessment ensures that sustained release formulations effectively deliver the intended therapeutic outcomes.
34) Heating:
'Heating' describes a method involved in the processing of some polymeric materials during tablet formulation. It can affect properties such as viscosity and solubility, impacting drug release profiles and the structural integrity of the matrix tablet.
35) Account:
In scientific discussions, 'account' refers to considering or explaining various factors or observations within a study. Providing an account ensures thorough understanding and aids in elucidating the mechanisms of drug delivery and release from sustained release formulations.
36) Science (Scientific):
'Science' pertains to the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation. In the context of the research article, it emphasizes the empirical methodology employed in developing and assessing sustained release matrix tablets for better therapeutic outcomes.
37) Reason:
'Reason' addresses the rationale behind choosing specific methods, materials, or formulations in drug development. Clear reasoning in pharmaceutical research helps elucidate why certain approaches are taken, guiding better informed decisions in improving sustained release formulations.
38) Kunte (Kumte):
Kunte is listed as an author of the study, contributing to the team's expertise in research and development. Authors with varied backgrounds highlight the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry in advancing knowledge in the formulation of pharmaceutical products.
39) Sudha:
Sudha is another name mentioned, indicating a contributor to the study. Their involvement emphasizes teamwork in pharmaceutical research, enhancing the quality and depth of insights gained through diverse perspectives on sustained release matrix systems.
40) Table:
'Table' refers to data presentations that summarize findings, such as drug formulations, evaluations, or properties in the study. Tables condense complex information, making it more accessible and facilitating easier comparisons during discussions of results and implications.
41) House:
In the context of academic publishing, 'house' may refer to the publishing house responsible for disseminating the research findings. The credibility and reputation of the publishing house can enhance the perceived reliability and acceptance of the research in the scientific community.
42) Raja:
Raja is listed among the authors, representing an individual whose expertise adds value to the study. Author contributions are vital in developing a comprehensive research perspective, leading to meaningful advances in the field of pharmaceutical sciences.
43) Beta:
Beta refers to beta-blockers, a class of drugs commonly used for various cardiovascular conditions. Reference to such drugs in the study highlights the relevance of sustained release formulations in managing chronic conditions, extending pharmacotherapy options for patients.
44) Food:
Food plays a crucial role in drug absorption and release mechanisms. The presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract can affect the dissolution and release profiles of sustained release formulations, thereby impacting the overall efficacy of the administered drug.
45) Line:
'Line' may refer to the graphical representation of data or trends observed in drug release profiles. In scientific studies, plotting drug release against time often results in linear or semi-linear plots, revealing critical insights into the release kinetics and therapeutic effectiveness of formulations.
46) Gaura:
Gaur is another author mentioned in the study, suggesting collaborative research efforts enhancing the study's findings. Author diversity contributes to a rich examination of sustained release formulations, reflecting interdisciplinary approaches in advancing pharmaceutical knowledge.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Role of matrix tablet in sustained release system’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Bioavailability, Therapeutic index, Porosity, Molecular size.