Anemia prevalence and management in pregnancy at Salem hospital
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Prevalence of anemia in pregnancy and its management in a tertiary care hospital, salem
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Arul B., E.Manivannan, R Kothai , Alphons K Francis, Alwyn Mohan Mathew, Ananadan MR
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Prevalence of anemia in pregnancy and its management in a tertiary care hospital, salem
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201710-9448
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Anemia is a prevalent and multifactorial disorder that significantly affects the health of pregnant women, particularly in developing regions such as Tamil Nadu, India. This condition is defined by reduced levels of circulating hemoglobin and poses several risks during pregnancy, including complications for both the mother and the fetus. The study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Salem, Tamil Nadu, aimed to assess the prevalence, types, and management of anemia in pregnant women. The findings highlighted a high prevalence of anemia and underscored the need for effective interventions and treatments to address this public health concern.
Prevalence and Severity of Anemia in Pregnancy
The study analyzed 150 pregnant women diagnosed with anemia in the obstetrics and gynecology department. The results revealed that 66.8% of the patients were moderately anemic, 22.6% were mildly anemic, and 10.6% were severely anemic. Most of the women affected were in the 18-27 age group, indicating inadequate attention to the nutritional status of young girls and women prior to and during pregnancy. These findings correlate with regional studies indicating that anemia remains a substantial health problem among women of reproductive age.
Types of Anemia Observed
Anemia types were also assessed, with the majority classified as microcytic hypochromic anemia (84.6%), followed by macrocytic anemia (12%) and normocytic normochromic anemia (3.4%). The predominance of iron deficiency anemia aligns with the finding that many women enter pregnancy with depleted iron reserves due to poor dietary intake. This emphasizes a critical public health issue regarding the nutritional status of women before and during pregnancy, necessitating targeted interventions to improve iron intake.
Response to Treatment
The study examined the efficacy of various treatments, finding that 59.1% of cases responded positively to parenteral iron preparations, while 36.5% showed improvement with oral iron supplements. Only 4.4% of patients required blood transfusions. Interestingly, a significant proportion of patients did not respond to oral treatments. These results point to the importance of tailoring anemia management to the individual patient’s needs, with intravenous iron therapy being more effective than oral supplements in more severe cases.
Conclusion
The high prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in the study area indicates an urgent need for public health interventions aimed at improving nutritional intake and access to supplements such as iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12. Regular monitoring and mandatory supplementation should be instituted from the onset of pregnancy through the postpartum period. Such measures, along with addressing other nutritional deficiencies, are essential for reducing the burden of anemia and promoting better maternal and infant health outcomes in Tamil Nadu.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is anemia and how does it affect pregnancy?
Anemia is characterized by reduced hemoglobin levels. During pregnancy, it can lead to complications like preterm labor, fetal growth issues, and increased maternal morbidity and mortality.
What was the percentage of moderate and severe anemia in the study?
In the study, 66.8% of the patients were found to have moderate anemia, while 10.6% were diagnosed with severe anemia, indicating a significant prevalence during pregnancy.
What types of anemia were identified among pregnant women?
The study found that 84.6% had microcytic hypochromic anemia, 12% macrocytic anemia, and 3.4% normocytic normochromic anemia, with iron deficiency being the predominant cause.
How effective were different treatments for anemia in this study?
The study showed that 59.1% of patients responded to parenteral iron therapy, 36.5% to oral iron, and 4.4% needed blood transfusion, indicating variability in treatment effectiveness.
What are the recommendations for preventing anemia during pregnancy?
It is recommended to provide regular iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 supplementation from the diagnosis of pregnancy through postpartum to prevent anemia and its related issues.
What factors contribute to the high prevalence of anemia in India?
Contributing factors include lack of iron-rich diet, socioeconomic status, poor awareness, and nutritional deficiencies, leading to a high rate of anemia among pregnant women.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Anemia prevalence and management in pregnancy at Salem hospital”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Study (Studying):
The term 'Study' refers to the systematic investigation conducted to assess the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy in a specific setting. This exploration aims to gather quantitative and qualitative data regarding disease occurrence, treatment responses, and the effectiveness of interventions, thereby guiding better healthcare practices and policies.
2) Blood:
The term 'Blood' is vital as it transports oxygen and essential nutrients throughout the body. In the context of pregnancy, adequate blood volume and iron levels are crucial for maternal and fetal health. Anemia indicates deficiencies in blood components, especially hemoglobin, impacting both pregnancy outcomes and maternal well-being.
3) Aruli (Arul):
Arul is the name of the lead author who spearheaded this research on anemia in pregnancy. As a significant contributor, Arul embodies the efforts of healthcare professionals seeking to investigate and address critical health issues in pregnant women, showcasing the importance of medical research in improving health outcomes.
4) Shalem (Salem):
Salem is the location where the study took place, specifically in a tertiary care hospital in Tamil Nadu, India. The geographical context is significant as it highlights potential regional health disparities in anemia prevalence among pregnant women and underscores the need for localized healthcare interventions.
5) India:
India is the country where the study was conducted, significant due to its high incidence of anemia among pregnant women. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia indicates larger systematic health challenges, hence studying this issue is crucial for informing public health strategies and improving maternal and child health.
6) Pregnant:
The term 'Pregnant' signifies women in gestation, a group particularly vulnerable to anemia due to increased nutritional demands. Understanding anemia prevalence in this demographic is critical for healthcare providers to implement appropriate screenings and interventions, enhancing maternal health and pregnancy outcomes.
7) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
Tamilnadu, the official name for the state where the study takes place, is essential for identifying the specific health demographics being examined. Awareness of regional health trends enables tailored interventions and public health strategies aimed at improving the overall wellbeing of the population.
8) Death:
The mention of 'Death' connects to the severe outcomes associated with untreated anemia during pregnancy. Maternal deaths, especially related to anemia, underline the importance of preventive measures and effective treatments, making it crucial for healthcare systems to address this avoidable risk factor.
9) Tamil:
Tamil refers to the language and culture prevalent in Tamil Nadu, underscoring the importance of culturally sensitive healthcare approaches. Understanding local practices, beliefs, and nutritional habits can help tailor anemia prevention and treatment programs effectively in this cultural context.
10) Nadu:
Nadu refers to the regional aspect of Tamil Nadu, highlighting the distinctive health challenges and resources available in this specific area. Addressing anemia effectively requires comprehending the local healthcare infrastructure and demographic nuances, impacting interventions and health education strategies.
11) Pur:
The term 'Poor' points to socioeconomic factors that contribute significantly to anemia prevalence, emphasizing the need for addressing poverty-related nutritional deficiencies. Economic constraints often lead to inadequate diets, exacerbating health problems like anemia, particularly in vulnerable groups such as pregnant women.
12) Disease:
The mention of 'Disease' emphasizes anemia as a significant public health concern. Understanding its multifactorial nature, including nutritional, socioeconomic, and health service access influences, is crucial for medical professionals to formulate effective management strategies and improve overall health outcomes.
13) Labour (Labor):
The term 'Labor' pertains to the process of childbirth, which may be adversely influenced by anemia. Anemic mothers face increased risks during labor, including complications and challenges in blood loss, necessitating careful monitoring and management to ensure maternal and infant safety.
14) Vinayaka:
Vinayaka Mission College of Pharmacy is the institution represented by key contributors of the study. This academic affiliation indicates the involvement of educational institutions in public health research, highlighting their role in training healthcare professionals and conducting impactful research.
15) Filling (Filled):
The term 'Filling' refers to the process of completing case sheets and questionnaires in the study. Accurate documentation is essential in research to ensure reliable data collection, enabling researchers to analyze information effectively, draw conclusions, and formulate recommendations based on the findings.
16) Table:
The term 'Table' refers to the statistical representations of data findings within the study. Tables are crucial for summarizing complex data in an accessible format, allowing for easy comparison and analysis of results related to anemia prevalence and treatment responses.
17) Young girl:
The term 'Young girl' signifies the demographic focus on adolescent girls who often lack proper nutrition, leading to anemia. Understanding the health status of young girls is crucial for early intervention strategies aimed at improving maternal health outcomes as they transition into pregnancy.
18) Pharmacology:
The term 'Pharmacology' relates to the study of drug effects and therapeutic interventions for conditions like anemia. This field's relevance lies in understanding how different treatments can effectively address anemia in pregnant patients, emphasizing the importance of research in optimizing medication usage.
19) Discussion:
The term 'Discussion' represents an analytical phase of the study where findings are interpreted and implications are considered. This section allows researchers to explore the significance of results, draw connections to existing literature, and propose practical solutions for anemia management.
20) Developing:
The term 'Developing' pertains to the process of advancing health interventions and policies. It underscores the need for innovative strategies to tackle anemia, particularly in resource-limited settings where pregnant women face increased risk due to inadequate nutrition and healthcare access.
21) Knowledge:
The term 'Knowledge' reflects the essential understanding of anemia, its causes, effects, and management strategies. Expanding knowledge in medical practice enables healthcare workers to make informed decisions, improve patient education, and ultimately enhance health outcomes for pregnant women.
22) Dealing:
The term 'Dealing' emphasizes the management and addressing of health issues like anemia. Effective healthcare management involves understanding the prevalence, causes, and treatment options, emphasizing collaborative approaches to reduce anemia rates among vulnerable populations.
23) Pushpa (Puspa):
Pushpa is another author referenced in the study. Highlighting multiple contributing authors points to collaborative research efforts aimed at investigating and addressing anemia in pregnancy, showcasing the commitment of the medical community to improving maternal health.
24) Kotai:
Kothai is another author involved in the research, emphasizing the collaborative nature of medical studies. Their contribution alongside other researchers enriches the diverse expertise needed to understand and tackle complex public health issues such as anemia in pregnant women.
25) Birth:
The term 'Birth' is critical in discussions of maternal health, as anemia can directly affect birth outcomes including preterm delivery and infant health. Understanding the interplay between maternal anemia and birth is vital for ensuring safe pregnancies and healthy neonates.
26) Food:
The term 'Food' relates to the dietary intake that significantly influences iron levels and overall health. Poor nutrition is a critical factor in the prevalence of anemia, emphasizing the need for nutritional education and access to a balanced diet, especially for pregnant women.
27) Diet:
The term 'Diet' refers to the nutritional habits that play a pivotal role in preventing and treating anemia. Awareness of dietary intake, specifically iron-rich foods, is crucial for pregnant women to combat nutritional deficiencies and enhance maternal and fetal health.
28) Post:
The term 'Post' refers to the period after childbirth, crucial for monitoring maternal health. Continued attention to anemia during this time through proper supplementation and dietary measures can significantly influence recovery and long-term health outcomes for mothers.
29) Drug:
The term 'Drug' encompasses medications used to treat conditions like anemia. Understanding different therapeutic options, including oral and intravenous iron supplements, is vital for effectively managing anemia in pregnant patients and ensuring improved health outcomes throughout pregnancy.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Anemia prevalence and management in pregnancy at Salem hospital’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Blood transfusion, Socioeconomic status, Nutritional status, Iron deficiency anemia, Macrocytic anemia, Maternal mortality, Microcytic hypochromic anemia, Prevalence of anemia, Intravenous iron therapy, Public health intervention, Antepartum care.