Pharmacoeconomic value of ethylene oxide sterilization in hospitals
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: The pharmacoeconomic value of the ethylene oxide sterilization process in the hospital
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
A. Belhachmi, B. EL Mostarchid, Z. Laanibi, M. Mabrouki and S. Derraji
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: The pharmacoeconomic value of the ethylene oxide sterilization process in the hospital
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201714-9963
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
1) Introduction
The sterilization of medical devices using Ethylene Oxide is an established technique commonly adopted in hospitals for reusable and heat-sensitive items. Despite its widespread use, Ethylene Oxide is recognized as a toxic, carcinogenic, flammable, and explosive gas. The current study aims to evaluate the extent of Ethylene Oxide’s use in hospitals and to assess the benefits and risks associated with this sterilization process from a pharmacoeconomic perspective.
2) Benefits versus Risks of Ethylene Oxide Sterilization
One of the key findings of the study is the important benefit-risk balance associated with Ethylene Oxide sterilization. While it has notable economic advantages—specifically, a significant cost reduction compared to single-use medical devices—there are also serious risks involved. Notably, the research highlighted the toxicity of Ethylene Oxide to both humans and animals, which necessitates stringent safety measures during its application. The use of Ethylene Oxide is being phased out in some developed countries due to these safety concerns, underlining the need for hospitals to maintain rigorous safety protocols.
3) Economic Evaluation of Sterilization Methods
Another significant aspect of the research involved the economic evaluation of the sterilization methods employed in the study. The results revealed that the costs associated with single-use medical devices were substantially higher—nearly five times greater—than the costs for medical devices that were sterilized for reuse. By conducting a comprehensive cost analysis, the study employed a cost minimization methodology to outline the financial implications of using Ethylene Oxide for sterilization, ultimately demonstrating its economic viability in comparison to single-use alternatives.
4) Organizational Challenges in Using Ethylene Oxide
The study also identified several organizational challenges that hinder the effective and safe use of Ethylene Oxide in hospitals. Less than half of the surveyed hospitals had implemented adequate safety measures, alarm systems, or training for personnel regarding the dangers of Ethylene Oxide exposure. This gap in safety and training highlights a critical area for improvement. Ensuring that staff are well-informed and equipped with proper protective equipment is vital to managing the risks associated with Ethylene Oxide sterilization.
5) Conclusion
In conclusion, while the sterilization of medical devices with Ethylene Oxide presents a compelling economic argument, the associated risks cannot be overlooked. The study emphasizes the need for effective risk management strategies and work safety measures to protect both healthcare personnel and patients. By reinforcing good practices and ensuring compliance with safety protocols, hospitals can continue to harness the benefits of Ethylene Oxide sterilization while mitigating inherent dangers, ultimately improving patient care and operational efficiencies.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the purpose of Ethylene Oxide sterilization in hospitals?
Ethylene Oxide sterilization is used to remove microorganisms from reusable and heat-sensitive medical devices, ensuring they are safe for reuse in medical procedures.
How did the study assess the use of Ethylene Oxide in Morocco?
The study utilized a questionnaire survey distributed among hospitals across Morocco to gather data about their sterilization practices and the extent of Ethylene Oxide's use.
What were the main findings regarding hospitals using Ethylene Oxide?
Only 20% of the hospitals surveyed used Ethylene Oxide for sterilization, with 80% favoring other sterilization techniques for thermosensitive objects.
What were the economic implications of using Ethylene Oxide for sterilization?
The analysis showed a significant economic benefit; the total cost of single-use medical devices was substantially higher compared to sterilized reusable devices.
What safety concerns are associated with Ethylene Oxide sterilization?
Ethylene Oxide is toxic, flammable, and carcinogenic, leading to safety risks for personnel and the environment, which necessitate careful handling and safety measures.
What recommendations were made in the study regarding Ethylene Oxide usage?
The study suggests implementing a risk management strategy and strengthening work safety measures to ensure the safe use of Ethylene Oxide while recognizing its economic benefits.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Pharmacoeconomic value of ethylene oxide sterilization in hospitals”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Study (Studying):
The 'Study' in this context refers to a scientific investigation aimed at evaluating the use of ethylene oxide as a sterilizing agent in hospitals. It highlights the methodologies employed, including questionnaire surveys and economic evaluations, to assess both the benefits and risks associated with this sterilization process, contributing to the body of knowledge needed to enhance patient safety and economic efficiency in healthcare settings.
2) Table:
In the document, 'Table' refers to the structured presentation of data, making it easier to visualize and interpret results. Various tables encapsulate findings related to hospital practices, safety measures, staffing, and the economic evaluation of sterilization processes. These organized representations aid in quickly grasping key information and support the overall analysis.
3) Training:
The term 'Training' highlights the necessity for ongoing education and familiarity concerning ethylene oxide among healthcare personnel. It emphasizes that staff must be properly informed about hazards and the safe handling of sterilizing agents to mitigate exposure risks. Effective training is crucial for ensuring compliance with safety protocols and improving workplace safety.
4) Discussion:
'Discussion' serves as a critical segment within the study where the findings are analyzed, interpreted, and contextualized. This section reflects on the results obtained from surveys and economic evaluations, considering existing literature and regulations, and assesses the implications for hospital practices and policy decisions surrounding ethylene oxide usage.
5) Pharmacology:
The relevance of 'Pharmacology' in the text pertains to understanding the effects of ethylene oxide as a chemical agent on human physiology. This field informs how medical devices must be sterilized while ensuring patient and staff safety, as well as the need for knowledge about potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions.
6) Measurement:
'Measurement' is crucial in gauging the effectiveness of sterilization processes. In the study, it involves the quantification of various factors, including concentrations of ethylene oxide and sterilization durations, which are essential for optimizing safety and ensuring that medical devices achieve the necessary sterility levels for safe use.
7) Toxicology:
The term 'Toxicology' reflects the study of harmful effects caused by chemicals, in this case, ethylene oxide. This field is pertinent to assessing the safety of using this sterilization method. Understanding toxicological aspects helps in managing risks associated with exposure and informs necessary precautions to protect healthcare workers and patients.
8) Substance:
'Substance' refers to ethylene oxide itself, a compound used for sterilization purposes. Its characteristics, such as toxicity, flammability, and effectiveness in eliminating pathogens, are critical for evaluating its use in medical settings. Recognizing it as a substance requiring careful handling showcases the importance of safety regulations surrounding its employment.
9) Toxicity:
'Toxicity' signifies the degree to which ethylene oxide can be harmful to humans and animals. This term underscores the need for thorough risk assessments and safety protocols when adopting this sterilization method. Evaluating toxicity informs healthcare facilities of the balance between benefits and potential hazards associated with ethylene oxide exposure.
10) Medicine:
'Medicine' contextualizes the entire study as it revolves around the sterilization of medical devices, which is pivotal for healthcare. The study addresses how proper sterilization protocols are integral to preventing infections and ensuring patient safety, thus linking the findings to broader medical implications and practices.
11) Account:
'Account' in this context signifies the requirement to consider and document the risks and economic aspects associated with using ethylene oxide for sterilization. It highlights the importance of financial evaluations as part of strategic decision-making in healthcare, ensuring that both safety and cost-effectiveness are accounted for.
12) Reason:
'Reason' pertains to the rationale behind employing ethylene oxide in medical device sterilization. Understanding the reasons includes examining its effectiveness for certain materials and conditions that disallow other sterilization methods. This highlights the balance between necessity and safety in medical practices, reinforcing the study's conclusions.
13) Animal:
'Animal' relates to the scope of toxicity assessments, as the effects of ethylene oxide are pertinent not just to human health but also to environmental and ecological safety, which may include impacts on animal welfare. Evaluating the toxicological effects on different life forms informs broader safety concerns and regulatory frameworks.