Diuretic and electrolyte effects of Gardenia gummifera extract
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Evaluation of the diuretic and urinary electrolyte effects of ethanolic extract of whole plant of gardenia gummifera
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Syeda Nishat Fathima
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Evaluation of the diuretic and urinary electrolyte effects of ethanolic extract of whole plant of gardenia gummifera
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201714-10020
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study focuses on the diuretic properties of the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Gardenia gummifera, a plant from the Rubiaceae family, commonly found in central and southern India. Diuretics are substances that promote increased urine flow and are utilized in various medical conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, and renal disorders. The research aimed to evaluate the diuretic activity through the Lipschitz test in Wistar rats, comparing the extract's effects to standard diuretic treatment with furosemide and control with normal saline.
Diuretic Activity of Gardenia gummifera
The Lipschitz test demonstrated that the ethanol extract of Gardenia gummifera significantly increased urine output in treated rats compared to the control group. The urine volume measured over a period of five hours showed that the extract produced a noted increase with a diuretic index reflecting moderate activity. The findings suggested that the ethanolic extract had a diuretic effect similar to furosemide, indicating its potential as a natural diuretic agent.
Electrolyte Excretion Enhancement
In addition to boosting urine production, the study found that Gardenia gummifera extract also enhanced urinary excretion of key electrolytes, specifically sodium and potassium ions. This elevation in electrolyte excretion suggests that the plant not only facilitates rehydration but also promotes the removal of excess salts from the body, contributing to its natriuretic properties. Such effects highlight the plant’s potential use in managing conditions where sodium retention is a concern.
Toxicity Assessment
An important aspect of the research included an acute toxicity study conducted on mice to determine the safety profile of the ethanolic extract. The study, adhering to international guidelines, indicated that the extract was well tolerated at various doses, with no significant adverse effects noticed within the observation period. This finding is crucial as it supports the potential therapeutic application of Gardenia gummifera without severe side effects on normal physiological functioning.
Conclusion
The results of the study provide evidence supporting the diuretic properties of the ethanolic extract of Gardenia gummifera, emphasizing its ability to increase both urine output and electrolyte excretion. The findings indicate the plant's potential utility in clinical settings for managing hypertension and congestive heart failure. However, further research is recommended to unravel the specific mechanisms involved in its diuretic action, paving the way for enhancing its therapeutic applications in modern medicine.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main purpose of diuretics in medicine?
Diuretics increase urine flow and sodium excretion, helping manage conditions like hypertension, heart failure, and renal failure.
Which plant extract was studied for its diuretic effects?
The study focused on the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Gardenia gummifera.
What method was used to evaluate diuretic activity?
The Lipschitz test was used to evaluate the diuretic effect in Wistar rats.
How significant was the diuretic activity of Gardenia gummifera?
Ethanolic extract of Gardenia gummifera showed significant diuretic activity, with increased urine volume and electrolyte excretion.
What were the results for sodium and potassium excretion?
The ethanolic extract significantly increased urinary sodium and potassium excretion compared to the control group.
What further studies are suggested for Gardenia gummifera?
Further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of diuretic activity of Gardenia gummifera.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Diuretic and electrolyte effects of Gardenia gummifera extract”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological effect exhibited by a substance or treatment in a specific context. In this study, the diuretic activity of the ethanolic extract of Gardenia gummifera was evaluated through various tests, measuring parameters such as urine output and electrolyte excretion to determine efficacy.
2) Animal:
Animal experimentation is a fundamental aspect of pharmacological research, providing insights into the biological effects of substances in living organisms. In this study, Wistar rats were utilized to assess the diuretic potential of Gardenia gummifera, highlighting the relevance of using animal models in drug efficacy studies.
3) Study (Studying):
Study refers to a systematic investigation aimed at acquiring new knowledge. In this context, the study sought to evaluate the diuretic effects of Gardenia gummifera. Such studies are essential for understanding the potential medicinal properties of plants and developing new therapeutic agents for clinical use.
4) Water:
Water is crucial in biological processes, influencing the body's fluid balance and electrolytic composition. In diuretic studies, measuring urine volume and water excretion helps determine the efficacy of a substance like Gardenia gummifera in promoting diuresis, which is the increased production of urine.
5) India:
India serves as a rich source of diverse flora with medicinal properties. The study of Gardenia gummifera, a plant found in India, underscores the significance of traditional knowledge and biodiversity in discovering new therapeutic agents for modern medicine, particularly in treating conditions like hypertension.
6) Table:
Table refers to a structured representation of data, facilitating comprehension of results and statistical analysis. In this context, tables were used to present findings such as urine volume and urinary electrolyte excretion, aiding in the interpretation of diuretic activity of Gardenia gummifera extract.
7) Cage:
Cages are utilized in animal experimentation to house subjects securely during studies. In this research, metabolic cages were employed to separate urine from feces, ensuring accurate measurement of diuretic effects of Gardenia gummifera. The design and environment of these cages impact the validity of experimental results.
8) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can cause harmful effects upon exposure. The study assessed the acute toxicity of Gardenia gummifera extract, ensuring safety before testing its diuretic effects. Understanding toxicity is essential for determining safe therapeutic doses of any medicinal plant.
9) Disease:
Disease refers to any pathological condition that disrupts normal bodily functions. The study emphasizes the role of potential diuretics like Gardenia gummifera in managing diseases such as hypertension and kidney disorders, contributing to the development of alternative treatments rooted in herbal medicine.
10) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study of drugs and their effects on biological systems. This study evaluates the pharmacological properties of Gardenia gummifera, focusing on its diuretic effects. Understanding pharmacological mechanisms assists in developing drugs with improved efficacy and safety profiles for medical application.
11) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the chemical compounds produced by plants, often responsible for their therapeutic properties. The study of Gardenia gummifera includes identifying its phytochemical constituents to understand how these compounds contribute to its diuretic activity, guiding future research on similar medicinal plants.
12) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the study of drugs, their effects, and their interactions within biological systems. The research on Gardenia gummifera contributes to the field of pharmacology by exploring the potential of herbal extracts to serve as effective diuretics.
13) Relative:
Relative refers to the comparison of one element to another. In this study, the relative effectiveness of Gardenia gummifera compared to standards like furosemide provides insights on its diuretic activity, establishing benchmarks for evaluating the efficacy of other potential herbal remedies.
14) Family:
Family refers to the taxonomic grouping that includes related plants. Gardenia gummifera belongs to the Rubiaceae family, which encompasses many species with medicinal properties. Understanding plant family characteristics can aid in identifying other potential therapeutic plants with similar effects, expanding treatment options.
15) Southern India:
Southern India is a biodiverse region known for its unique flora and traditional medicine. The study of Gardenia gummifera, indigenous to this area, highlights the significance of local plants in developing natural therapies, encouraging the exploration of region-specific resources for potential medical applications.
16) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to substances that prevent the growth of bacteria. The study mentions various pharmacological activities of Gardenia gummifera, including antibacterial properties. Investigating these effects expands the understanding of the plant’s medicinal potential, providing avenues for developing natural antibacterial therapies.
17) Observation:
Observation entails the careful monitoring of phenomena during an experiment. In this study, various parameters were observed, such as urine volume and electrolyte excretion, to assess the effectiveness of Gardenia gummifera as a diuretic, ensuring accurate interpretation of the results.
18) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the analysis and interpretation of study findings. In this work, the discussion contextualizes the results of the diuretic effects of Gardenia gummifera within existing literature, drawing conclusions about its potential therapeutic applications and encouraging further research in the field.
19) Substance:
Substance refers to any material with distinct chemical composition. In this study, Gardenia gummifera extract is the primary substance of interest, being evaluated for its diuretic properties. Understanding the characteristics of such substances is essential for managing health conditions and developing new therapeutic agents.
20) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of phytochemicals known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study identifies various phytocompounds in Gardenia gummifera, potentially including flavonoids, which could contribute to the plant's therapeutic effects, including diuretic action and overall health benefits.
21) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine originating in India, emphasizing natural healing through herbal remedies. The research highlights the use of Gardenia gummifera in Ayurveda for treating various ailments, illustrating the synergy between traditional practices and contemporary scientific investigation of medicinal plants.
22) Kakatiya:
Kakatiya refers to Kakatiya University, where the identification and authentication of Gardenia gummifera took place. This institutional collaboration underscores the importance of academic support in botanical research, ensuring scientific rigor in studies that explore the medicinal potential of local flora.
23) Warangal:
Warangal is a region in Telangana, India, known for its rich biodiversity. The collection of Gardenia gummifera from this area emphasizes the significance of local plant species in pharmacological research, contributing to understanding and utilizing indigenous plants for potential health benefits.
24) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses various practices and treatments aimed at maintaining health and alleviating illness. The study of Gardenia gummifera raises awareness about the role of herbal medicines in contemporary health care, highlighting the potential for natural products to complement existing therapeutic strategies.
25) Leprosy:
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease affecting skin and nerves. In the context of this study, leprosy is mentioned as a condition treatable by remedies in Ayurveda, illustrating how knowledge of herbal therapies can contribute to the management of historically significant diseases.
26) Species:
Species is the basic unit of biological classification, referring to a group of organisms capable of interbreeding. Gardenia gummifera represents a specific species within the Rubiaceae family, emphasizing the significance of species diversity in pharmacological research and the quest for new medicines.
27) Jasmine:
Jasmine is a common name associated with various flowering plants, including Gardenia gummifera, which is referred to as 'gummy Cape jasmine.' Understanding the cultural and botanical significance of such names enhances the appreciation for the plant's therapeutic potential and its role in traditional practices.
28) Bitter:
Bitter refers to a taste sensation often associated with certain medicinal herbs. The study mentions the acrid bitter resin from Gardenia gummifera, emphasizing how traditional uses of such properties in herbal medicine can provide insights into its potential therapeutic effects.
29) Powder:
Powder refers to the form in which dried plant material is prepared for extraction. In this research, aerial parts of Gardenia gummifera were powdered for ethanolic extraction, highlighting the importance of preparation methods in obtaining effective herbal remedies for pharmacological investigation.
30) Indian:
Indian signifies the cultural and geographical context of the study, as it explores the medicinal properties of a plant indigenous to India. This geographical emphasis underscores the wealth of traditional knowledge and biodiversity available for modern medical research.
31) Botany:
Botany is the scientific study of plants. The identification of Gardenia gummifera was conducted in the Department of Botany at Kakatiya University, highlighting the academic foundation required for research into plant-based medicines and the exploration of their clinical applications.
32) Ulcer:
Ulcer refers to a sore or lesion in the skin or mucous membrane. The study discusses various pharmacological activities of Gardenia gummifera, which may include ulcer treatment potential, further showcasing the diverse therapeutic uses that herbal medicines may provide in managing human diseases.
33) Fever:
Fever is a common symptom indicating the presence of infection or inflammation. The traditional uses of Gardenia gummifera include treating conditions like fever, emphasizing the importance of herbal remedies in addressing common ailments and the potential for integration into modern therapeutic frameworks.
34) Acrid:
Acrid describes a strong, sharp, and unpleasant taste or smell. In the study, the acrid bitter resin from Gardenia gummifera is noted, which may influence the plant's traditional medicinal uses. Understanding acridity aids in appreciating the sensory experiences associated with phytotherapy.
35) Food:
Food is a vital element for survival, providing nutrients necessary for body function. In the study, the animals were fasted prior to experimentation, showcasing the importance of controlled dietary conditions in research to accurately assess the effects of substances like Gardenia gummifera.
36) Sign:
Sign refers to an indicator or symptom of a condition or response. In pharmacological research, certain signs may be measured (like diuretic response) to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment. The study assesses signs related to diuretic activity, contributing to the understanding of therapeutic effects.
37) Worm:
Worm refers to parasitic organisms that affect health by residing in the host's body. The medicinal uses of Gardenia gummifera include treatment for intestinal worms, showcasing the traditional approach to managing parasitic infections through herbal remedies, important for public health, especially in endemic areas.
38) Salt (Salty):
Salt is essential for various bodily functions, primarily for fluid balance. The study focuses on the diuretic effects of Gardenia gummifera, revealing its implications for salt and water regulation in the body, which is critical for managing diseases like hypertension and fluid retention.
39) Drug:
Drug signifies any substance used in treatment or prevention of disease. The study on Gardenia gummifera contributes to the search for herbal drugs amid increasing interest in natural therapies. Understanding herbal drugs can enhance treatment options along with existing pharmaceuticals in modern medicine.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Diuretic and electrolyte effects of Gardenia gummifera extract’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Gardenia gummifera, Ayurvedic treatment, Pharmacological activities, Matured plants, Phytochemical screening, Acute Toxicity Studies, Therapeutic importance, Ethanolic extract, Diuretic activity, Urine volume, Clinical situation, Urinary electrolyte excretion, Experimental Condition.