Temp-dependent properties of l-phenylalanine in metformin solutions
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Temperature-dependent volumetric and viscometric properties of l-phenylalanine in aqueous metformin hydrochloride solutions
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Rajagopal K., Shailajha S., Mohamed Roshan M. and Roy Richi Renold G.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Temperature-dependent volumetric and viscometric properties of l-phenylalanine in aqueous metformin hydrochloride solutions
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201714-10019
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
1. Introduction
This study examines the temperature-dependent volumetric and viscometric properties of L-Phenylalanine dissolved in various concentrations of aqueous Metformin Hydrochloride solutions. Conducted at temperatures ranging from 298.15 to 318.15 K, the research aims to understand the interactions between L-Phenylalanine and Metformin Hydrochloride. This investigation is significant given the roles proteins, particularly amino acids, play in biochemical processes, particularly in drug interactions and transport mechanisms. Previous studies on amino acids in aqueous drug solutions have established a foundation for understanding solute-cosolute and solvent interactions.
2. Thermodynamic Parameters and Their Implications
One of the critical aspects of this study involves the calculation of several thermodynamic parameters, such as the partial molal volume (Vφ), hydration number (nH), and viscosity B-coefficient. The findings indicated that the interactions between L-Phenylalanine and Metformin hydrochloride are concentration-dependent and exhibit increased strength with rising temperatures. The presence of strong solute-cosolute interactions was confirmed, as demonstrated by the positive values of the Hepler's constant, which suggests a structure-making tendency of L-Phenylalanine in the solution. This implies that L-Phenylalanine can influence the solvent structure, affecting the drug's effectiveness and absorption.
3. Viscosity Coefficient Analysis
The study also analyzed the viscosity B-coefficient, which is crucial in gauging the solute-solvent interactions. The Jones-Dole equation was employed to derive the relative viscosity data, leading to insights about the structure-making or breaking nature of L-Phenylalanine in Metformin Hydrochloride solutions. Notably, the negative values of dB/dT derived from viscosity data suggest that L-Phenylalanine acts as a structural enhancer, reinforcing interactions within the solvent. Such viscosity behavior is relevant for understanding how amino acids can modify the flow properties of drug solutions, which is essential in pharmaceutical formulations.
4. Hydration and Dehydration Effects
Another significant finding involves the hydration number (nH) of L-Phenylalanine, which was observed to decrease with increasing concentrations of Metformin Hydrochloride, indicating a dehydration effect on the amino acid. Furthermore, the study linked this dehydration to enhanced solute-cosolute interactions, revealing that Metformin Hydrochloride affects L-Phenylalanine's intrinsic properties. The hydration number serves as an essential indicator of how solute interactions can influence drug behavior, particularly in terms of absorption and bioavailability.
5. Conclusion
In conclusion, the research comprehensively demonstrated that the interactions between L-Phenylalanine and aqueous Metformin Hydrochloride solutions are intricate and temperature-sensitive. The study elucidated the structure-making properties of L-Phenylalanine, supported by volumetric, viscometric, and hydration analysis. These interactions are not only vital for understanding the fundamental biochemistry of amino acids and drugs but also hold practical implications for drug formulation and therapeutic efficacy. The findings contribute valuable knowledge to the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, emphasizing the significant role of amino acids in drug interactions and development.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the study on L-Phenylalanine?
The study investigates the volumetric and viscometric properties of L-Phenylalanine in aqueous metformin hydrochloride solutions across various temperatures to understand solute-cosolute interactions.
What experimental conditions were used in the study?
Densities and viscosities were measured at temperatures ranging from 298.15 K to 318.15 K under a pressure of 0.1 MPa for different molal concentrations of metformin hydrochloride.
How does temperature affect the standard partial molal volume?
The study found that the standard partial molal volume of L-Phenylalanine increases with temperature, suggesting stronger solute-cosolute-solvent interactions at higher temperatures.
What are the implications of volumetric and viscometric measurements?
These measurements provide insight into the interactions between L-Phenylalanine and metformin hydrochloride, indicating structural tendencies and the hydration effects of solutes in the solutions studied.
What role does metformin hydrochloride play in the study?
Metformin hydrochloride serves as a cosolute, influencing the solute-cosolute interactions and behavior of L-Phenylalanine in the aqueous solution.
What conclusions were drawn from the study's findings?
The findings suggest that metformin hydrochloride can dehydrate amino acids, and L-Phenylalanine exhibits structure-making properties, confirmed by various computed thermodynamic parameters.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Temp-dependent properties of l-phenylalanine in metformin solutions”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
A table in academic articles presents organized data concisely, enabling readers to easily interpret and analyze complex numerical results. In the context of this study, tables are critical for displaying the measured density and viscosity values of L-Phenylalanine in various concentrations of Metformin hydrochloride at different temperatures, fostering clarity and comprehensibility.
2) Water:
Water serves as a universal solvent in biological and chemical processes. In this study, it is crucial because L-Phenylalanine is examined in aqueous Metformin hydrochloride solutions. Its properties impact solute interactions and hydration effects, which are vital for understanding biochemical mechanisms in drug transport and absorption.
3) Drug:
Drugs are substances that cause physiological changes in the body. Metformin hydrochloride, examined in the study, is an antihyperglycemic agent used to control blood sugar. Understanding the interactions between amino acids like L-Phenylalanine and Metformin is essential in drug delivery systems, emphasizing their significance in therapeutic contexts.
4) Study (Studying):
Studying is the process of examining and analyzing data or phenomena. In this research, studying the interactions between L-Phenylalanine and Metformin is central to unraveling their effects in biochemical contexts. Understanding these relationships fosters advancements in pharmacology, ultimately enhancing clinical practices regarding diabetes treatment.
5) India:
India, the location of the research, is significant as it adds geographical context. The country's biodiversity and unique medicinal plants make it a valuable site for pharmaceutical studies. Moreover, the research's findings could be particularly relevant for local healthcare, possibly influencing future medicinal strategies tailored to its population's health challenges.
6) Tirunelveli:
Tirunelveli is a city in Tamil Nadu, India, relevant for identifying the local context of the research. It is where the study's authors conducted their work, and local universities might provide unique perspectives on regional medicinal practices. The cultural significance can shape research interests in specific drugs and treatments.
7) Measurement:
Measurement is a fundamental aspect of scientific research, providing quantitative assessment of properties like density and viscosity. In this study, accurate measurements of L-Phenylalanine in Metformin solutions are critical for calculating thermodynamic parameters that reveal interactions, which can guide further pharmaceutical applications and drug formulations.
8) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
Tamil Nadu is a state in India where the research took place, contextualizing the findings within a regional framework. It has a rich history of traditional medicine and modern pharmaceutical research, influencing the choice of substances studied and providing a cultural backdrop for the scientific inquiry conducted.
9) Relative:
Relative terms compare one value to another, providing context for interpreting data. In this study, 'relative viscosity' is used to elucidate the effects of solutes on the behavior of solutions. Understanding these relationships is crucial in drug formulation, where relative changes can impact drug efficacy and stability.
10) Nature:
Nature refers to the inherent characteristics or qualities of substances, relevant in this study when analyzing how L-Phenylalanine interacts with Metformin hydrochloride. Exploring the nature of these interactions provides insights into biochemical processes, allowing for a deeper understanding of solute-solvent dynamics in pharmaceutical systems.
11) Tamil:
Tamil is a language and cultural identity in India, specifically in Tamil Nadu. Its mention connects the research to the region's history and societal context. Understanding the local culture may enhance considerations for healthcare strategies and research relevance, ensuring they meet the specific needs of Tamil-speaking populations.
12) Nadu:
‘Nadu’ forms part of 'Tamil Nadu,' emphasizing the state’s identity within India. Its relevance in the study highlights regional characteristics that could influence medicinal practices. It situates the research in a socio-cultural context, reinforcing the importance of local knowledge in understanding and treating health conditions prevalent in that area.
13) Species:
Species refers to specific groups of organisms. In this study, the mention may relate to biological interactions, such as how amino acids function among various living organisms. Understanding species-specific responses to drugs is crucial for developing therapeutic approaches tailored to diverse biological systems, impacting drug development significantly.
14) Calculation:
Calculation is essential in scientific research to derive meaningful data from measurements. This study involves calculations of volumetric and viscometric properties of L-Phenylalanine, pivotal for evaluating its behavior in Metformin solutions. Accurate calculations lead to appropriate interpretations of results, influencing future research and applications in pharmacology.
15) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of health care, vital for diagnosing and treating diseases. The study contributes to medicinal knowledge by understanding how L-Phenylalanine's properties interact with Metformin, potentially leading to better pharmacological formulations. Insights gained can influence therapeutic practices in diabetes management.
16) Account:
In scientific research, to 'account' refers to explaining or justifying observations. This study accounts for the solvation effects and properties of L-Phenylalanine in Metformin solutions, elucidating the results obtained. Accounting for these factors enhances the understanding of drug interactions, aiding in pharmaceutical development.
17) Purity:
Purity signifies the presence of a single substance without contaminants. In this study, the purity of L-Phenylalanine and Metformin hydrochloride is crucial for ensuring reliable results. High-purity compounds lead to reproducible measurements in experiments, which is vital for achieving valid conclusions about solute interactions and properties.
18) Filling (Filled):
The term 'filled' relates to how laboratory equipment is prepared for experiments. In this study, glassware is meticulously filled with solutions to minimize errors during measurements. Proper filling ensures that volume precision is maintained, critical for accurate density and viscosity analyses in the context of pharmaceutical research.
19) Kumar:
Kumar is part of the author's name and indicates his contribution to the research. By including his name, the study acknowledges collaboration among researchers, enhancing credibility and trust. Recognizing contributions emphasizes the importance of teamwork in advancing scientific knowledge within the pharmaceutical realm.
20) Glass:
Glass is the material used in laboratory equipment, such as pycnometers and viscometers, which are essential for measuring properties in this study. The choice of glass ensures chemical compatibility and precision, highlighting fundamental aspects of material selection in laboratory settings, relevant to obtaining reliable data in investigations.
21) Sugar:
Sugar in this context refers to the biochemical aspect of glucose levels in relation to Metformin's use in diabetes management. Understanding the interaction between L-Phenylalanine and Metformin can provide insights into regulating blood sugar levels, contributing to effective treatment strategies in managing diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
22) Blood:
Blood is a biological fluid critical for transporting nutrients and oxygen in the body. The study's focus on Metformin relates to its effects on blood glucose levels, relevant in diabetes management. Understanding interactions with amino acids can enhance our knowledge about pharmacodynamics in regulating blood sugar through therapeutics.
23) Human body:
The human body represents the biological context in which drugs act. This study's focus on L-Phenylalanine and Metformin underscores the importance of understanding the physiological interactions at play. Insights derived can impact drug design and therapeutic approaches, ensuring efficacy in human health applications.
24) Purification:
Purification refers to processes that ensure substances are free from contaminants. In this study, purification processes for Metformin and L-Phenylalanine ensure the accuracy of experimental results. High purity is paramount in scientific research as it directly influences the reliability and validity of findings in pharmaceutical contexts.
25) Surrounding:
Surrounding refers to the environment that influences biological and chemical interactions. In this study, the surrounding aqueous medium affects the behavior of L-Phenylalanine in Metformin solutions. Understanding these interactions within their surrounding context aids in deciphering the complexity of drug solvation and interactions in living organisms.
26) Discussion:
Discussion in scientific articles refers to the section where researchers interpret their findings' implications. This study includes a discussion about the interactions between L-Phenylalanine and Metformin, helping to contextualize results within existing literature and suggest potential applications in drug formulation and therapeutic strategies.
27) Knowledge:
Knowledge encompasses the understanding gained from research, critical for scientific advancement. This study contributes to the knowledge of solute behavior in pharmaceutical solutions, enhancing insights into drug design and efficacy. Building a collective body of knowledge informs future investigations, ensuring that medical practices evolve in response to new findings.
28) Salvation:
Salvation refers to the act of preserving or protecting health, which can be related to the therapeutic goals of drugs. This study might metaphorically connect to salvation by exploring how L-Phenylalanine and Metformin contribute to managing diabetes, thus emphasizing their role in maintaining health and well-being.
29) Chauhan:
Chauhan is another author's name contributing to this research. Recognition of the author's work is essential in scientific literature as it emphasizes collaboration and shared findings. It enhances the research credibility while acknowledging the diverse expertise that brings depth to the investigation and subsequent conclusions drawn.
30) Chennai:
Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu, plays a crucial role in the context of this research as it represents the geographical origin of the study. Being a major educational and healthcare hub, Chennai’s influence could extend to the advancement of pharmaceutical research, providing a supportive environment for innovative studies.
31) Reason:
Reason refers to the rationale behind conducting the study. The reason for exploring L-Phenylalanine's interactions with Metformin is tied to its relevance in understanding biochemical mechanisms in drug interactions. Articulating reasons is crucial for justifying research directions and ensuring the pursuit of scientifically meaningful inquiries.
32) Medium:
Medium refers to the environment in which interactions or reactions take place. In this study, the aqueous medium is critical for examining the solubility and behavior of L-Phenylalanine in Metformin solutions. Characterizing the medium enhances understanding of how solutes interact in specific conditions relevant to therapeutic applications.
33) Field:
Field refers to a specific area of study or professional activity. In this context, the field is pharmaceutical research, focusing on drug interactions and solute behavior. Clarifying the field of study ensures that findings are contextualized within broader disciplines, guiding future research directions and applications in healthcare.
34) Food:
Food represents nutritional sources crucial for sustaining life. The presence of L-Phenylalanine in protein-rich foods highlights its importance in dietary considerations. Understanding food interactions with pharmaceuticals like Metformin can inform dietary recommendations and improve therapeutic outcomes in managing health conditions such as diabetes.
35) Diet:
Diet refers to the overall food intake and nutritional habits of individuals. It plays a pivotal role in diabetes management. By studying L-Phenylalanine's interaction with Metformin, the research connects dietary components to therapeutic efficacy, emphasizing how dietary choices can influence drug actions and overall health outcomes.
36) Meat:
Meat is a significant source of proteins and amino acids like L-Phenylalanine. Its mention in the study reflects the relevance of dietary sources in providing essential nutrients for human health. Understanding the biochemical interactions of these nutrients with drugs can enhance nutritional and therapeutic strategies for managing metabolic diseases.
37) Rich (Rch):
Rich pertains to the abundance or high content of a specific nutrient in food, such as L-Phenylalanine in protein-rich foods like meat and dairy. This connection highlights the importance of understanding how dietary richness affects biological interactions, potentially influencing therapeutic approaches to nutrition and drug efficacy.
38) Milk:
Milk is a nutrient-rich liquid commonly consumed by humans and a source of L-Phenylalanine. Its role in the study underscores the significance of dietary amino acids in human health. Investigating how components derived from milk interact with drugs aids in understanding their potential effects on therapeutic outcomes.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Temp-dependent properties of l-phenylalanine in metformin solutions’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents: