Sildenafil vs. low-dose aspirin for early intrauterine growth restriction.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Comparative study of sildenafil citrate therapy versus low dose aspirin in early intrauterine growth restriction
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:
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Dr. Gitanjali Bulani, Dr. S. A. Inamdar and Dr. Aprajita Chawla
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Comparative study of sildenafil citrate therapy versus low dose aspirin in early intrauterine growth restriction
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201715-10181
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is a significant concern in obstetrics, where a complex interplay of maternal, placental, and fetal factors ensures normal fetal growth. When this system is disrupted, IUGR can occur, leading to low birth weight (LBW) and increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. In India, the prevalence of LBW is reported to be 26%, with IUGR affecting 54% of pregnancies. While low-dose aspirin is a commonly used medication for IUGR, sildenafil citrate has recently emerged as a potential alternative. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of sildenafil citrate and low-dose aspirin in the treatment of IUGR.
Efficacy of Sildenafil Citrate
The study found that sildenafil citrate significantly improved fetal parameters in women diagnosed with IUGR. In a randomized control trial involving 150 patients, results demonstrated that 66% of the patients in the sildenafil group exhibited an increase in abdominal circumference compared to 58% in the aspirin group and merely 38% in the control group. Furthermore, 56% of patients treated with sildenafil had improved fetal weight, compared to 50% in the aspirin group and only 20% in the control group. These findings suggest that sildenafil citrate is more effective than low-dose aspirin in enhancing fetal growth metrics during IUGR.
Impact on Neonatal Outcomes
Additionally, the study assessed the effect of the treatments on neonatal outcomes, particularly in terms of the Apgar score and NICU admissions. Among the newborns, 94% of those from the sildenafil group had an Apgar score of 7 or higher, compared to 90% in the aspirin group and 80% in the control group. Moreover, NICU admission rates were significantly lower in the sildenafil group (20%) than in the aspirin group (26%) and control group (40%), which illustrates a better overall outcome for neonates delivered by mothers receiving sildenafil.
Socioeconomic Variations and Risk Factors
The study also highlighted the socioeconomic status of the participants, indicating that a significant proportion of patients diagnosed with IUGR were from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. The primary risk factor associated with IUGR was hypertensive disorders, affecting 64% of patients in the sildenafil group and 60% in both the aspirin and control groups. This correlation underscores the importance of addressing maternal health and socioeconomic challenges in managing IUGR.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the comparative study between sildenafil citrate and low-dose aspirin demonstrated that sildenafil is a more effective therapeutic option for intrauterine growth restriction, facilitating better fetal growth and improved neonatal outcomes. The findings indicate a need for further research on sildenafil citrate's therapeutic potential in IUGR, particularly using Doppler studies to enhance the understanding of its effects on placental blood flow and fetal well-being. This study advocates for the potential implementation of sildenafil in clinical settings to mitigate the risks associated with IUGR and enhance maternal and neonatal health outcomes.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the primary aim of this study on IUGR?
The main objective of this study is to compare the effects of sildenafil citrate therapy and low dose aspirin in treating intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) during pregnancy.
How was the study on sildenafil citrate and aspirin conducted?
The study enrolled 150 pregnant women diagnosed with IUGR, divided into three groups. One group received sildenafil citrate, another low dose aspirin, and a control group received calcium with empirical treatment.
What improvements were observed with sildenafil citrate in this study?
Patients in the sildenafil group showed a 66% increase in abdominal circumference and a 56% increase in fetal weight exceeding the 10th percentile, indicating better growth outcomes compared to other groups.
What significant results were found regarding late pregnancy outcomes?
The study found that 80% of patients in the sildenafil group delivered at or after 37 weeks, while 46% in the control group delivered before 37 weeks, signifying healthier gestational outcomes.
How did the Apgar scores compare among the treatment groups?
In the sildenafil group, 94% of newborns had Apgar scores ≥7, compared to 90% in the aspirin group and 80% in the control group, indicating better neonatal health in the sildenafil group.
What conclusion was drawn from this comparative study?
The study concluded that sildenafil citrate shows greater improvement in ultrasonography parameters and better neonatal outcomes compared to low dose aspirin and empirical treatment for IUGR.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Sildenafil vs. low-dose aspirin for early intrauterine growth restriction.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Study (Studying):
A detailed investigation or analysis conducted to understand a specific phenomenon or to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments, such as comparing sildenafil citrate and low-dose aspirin for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Studies help enhance medical knowledge and inform clinical practices. In this context, the findings indicate sildenafil's efficacy for fetal growth.
2) Table:
A structured arrangement of data or results used to present research findings clearly. Tables in the study summarize patient demographics, treatment outcomes, and ultrasound parameters, facilitating interpretation and comparisons between groups. They are essential for conveying quantitative information succinctly and support the study's claims through visual representation.
3) Birth:
The process of delivering a baby, which is a critical endpoint in assessing maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. In the study, birth outcomes such as Apgar scores and neonatal admissions highlight the effectiveness of treatments for IUGR. Analyzing birth data informs healthcare practices aimed at improving perinatal survival.
4) Drug:
A substance used for medical treatment, in this study specifically referring to sildenafil citrate and aspirin as treatments for IUGR. The effectiveness of drugs is evaluated to determine their role in influencing fetal growth and improving clinical outcomes, which is crucial for developing effective perinatal care practices.
5) Death:
The cessation of life, which is a significant consideration in maternal-fetal medicine. The study examines perinatal mortality rates, with no deaths reported in the sildenafil or aspirin groups, emphasizing the importance of timely interventions in preventing adverse outcomes in pregnancies affected by IUGR.
6) Observation:
The act of monitoring and recording data during a study to assess treatment effects and outcomes. Observations in the study included ultrasound measurements of fetal growth and maternal conditions, serving as the foundation for analysis and conclusions drawn regarding the efficacy of sildenafil compared to aspirin.
7) Pur:
A descriptor often used to classify socio-economic status, indicating individuals or groups with limited financial resources. The study highlights how poorer socio-economic conditions contribute to factors like malnutrition and increased risk of IUGR, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to improve maternal and fetal health.
8) Reason:
The underlying cause or justification for an observed event or outcome. In the study, reasons for IUGR, such as hypertensive disorders, are discussed, illustrating the complex interplay of maternal health factors influencing fetal development and the importance of addressing these issues in prenatal care.
9) Blood:
A vital fluid in the body, circulation of which is essential for delivering nutrients and oxygen to the fetus. The study investigates the role of blood flow in placental health and fetal growth, asserting that treatments aimed at improving blood flow may mitigate risks associated with IUGR.
10) Kubo:
A reference to a research study or author relevant to the context of the research discussed. The mention of Kubo in the study supports the significance of established findings on Apgar scores, indicating the importance of integrating multiple sources to strengthen research claims and inform clinical guidelines.
11) Developing:
Referring to the process of growth or progression, particularly in relation to fetal development during pregnancy. In this study, developing is associated with assessing the impact of different therapies on fetal growth and health outcomes for mothers in obstetric care.
12) Substance:
A particular kind of matter with distinct properties, often relating to medications or treatments in medical research. The study evaluates different substances (drugs) such as sildenafil citrate and aspirin, focusing on their physiological effects in combating conditions like IUGR and improving health outcomes for mothers and infants.
13) Account:
To provide detailed information or explanation regarding specific data or results observed during the study. In research contexts, accounts summarize findings or implications drawn from data; this is important for transparency, reproducibility, and understanding the impact of interventions like sildenafil in treating IUGR.
14) India:
A country with a significant prevalence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), highlighting the need for effective treatments and healthcare strategies. Mentioning India in the study emphasizes the regional health challenges and informs broader public health policies aimed at improving maternal and child health in similar demographics.
15) Discussion:
A critical section of research where findings are analyzed, interpreted, and contrasted with existing literature. In the study, the discussion elaborates on the implications of the results, reinforcing the efficacy of sildenafil and contextualizing findings within established medical knowledge to improve clinical practices in obstetrics.
16) Education:
The process of providing information and knowledge, particularly in medical and health contexts. In the study, education is implicitly linked to improving awareness about risk factors for IUGR and the effectiveness of treatment strategies, advocating for enhanced training among healthcare providers to optimize maternal and fetal health.
17) Science (Scientific):
A systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge through experimental and observational studies. The scientific rigor applied in the study underpins its findings on IUGR treatments, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based practices in advancing maternal-fetal medicine for better health outcomes.
18) Kumar:
A reference to a research study or author relevant to the context of the research discussed in the publication. Citing Kumar underlines the importance of integrating various credible sources to validate claims and improve the reliability of evidence in the ongoing discourse regarding obstetric practices and treatments.
19) Rich (Rch):
Indicating a higher socio-economic status typically associated with better healthcare access and outcomes. In the context of the study, focusing on the rich versus poor socio-economic classes highlights disparities in risk factors and access to proper maternal care, underscoring the need for equity in healthcare provision.
20) Hand:
Symbolically relating to the act of caring or assistance, particularly in healthcare settings. The concept of hand symbolizes the role healthcare professionals play in providing care, support, and interventions for pregnant women, emphasizing the importance of compassion and empathetic practices in obstetric care.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Sildenafil vs. low-dose aspirin for early intrauterine growth restriction.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Empirical treatment, Socioeconomic status, Low birth weight, Pregnancy induced hypertension, Maternal Nutrition, Randomized control trial, Prematurity, Fetal complications, Apgar score, Intrauterine growth restriction, Low dose aspirin.