Isolation and identification of fungal contaminants in food supplements.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Isolation and identification of contaminant fungi of some food supplements in mosul city, iraq(*)
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Zahraa Abdalla Mohamed and Dr. Saleh Easa Mohamed
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Isolation and identification of contaminant fungi of some food supplements in mosul city, iraq(*)
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201716-9649
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study presented in the World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research focuses on the isolation and identification of fungi contaminating various food supplements available in pharmacies in Mosul City, Iraq. The research involved analyzing 15 different samples, revealing that the majority were tainted with fungal species, except for orange powder and slimming herbs, which were found to be uncontaminated. This extensive examination underscores the critical issue of fungal contamination in food supplements and its potential impacts on health.
Fungal Contamination in Food Supplements
The findings of the study highlight that food supplements can often be contaminated by harmful fungi, including notorious mycotoxin producers such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. Among the samples collected, Aspergillus niger was isolated most frequently at a rate of 45.90%, followed by Penicillium species at 24.59%, and others such as A. flavus and Botrytis cinerea. These fungal contaminants are concerning because they can produce mycotoxins, which are toxic compounds linked to various health risks, including liver and kidney damage, respiratory issues, and other systemic ailments.
Methods of Isolation and Identification
To isolate the fungi from the collected samples, a dilution method was employed. One gram of each sample was mixed with sterile distilled water to prepare serial dilutions, which were then inoculated onto potato dextrose agar for fungal growth. The identification process utilized cultural characteristics and microscopic examination according to established classification keys. This systematic approach ensured accurate identification of the fungal species present, contributing valuable data about the prevalence of fungal contamination in local food supplements.
Health Implications of Mycotoxin Exposure
Contaminated food supplements pose significant health risks due to the potential presence of mycotoxins, which can adversely affect multiple organ systems. The study references other research demonstrating how these toxic compounds can lead to various forms of morbidity, from liver dysfunction to respiratory and gastrointestinal issues. Specifically, Aspergillus and Penicillium species are notorious for their ability to produce mycotoxins such as aflatoxins and ochratoxins, which have been implicated in numerous health complications. This emphasizes the importance of monitoring and controlling fungal contamination in dietary products.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study effectively illuminates the prevalence of fungal contamination in food supplements in Mosul City, revealing a largely overlooked public health concern. The isolation and identification of various fungal species, particularly those associated with mycotoxin production, underscore the need for rigorous quality control measures in the manufacture and sale of dietary supplements. As consumers increasingly rely on these products for health benefits, ensuring their safety from contamination is paramount to preventing potential health hazards linked to mycotoxins.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the aim of the study conducted in Mosul City?
The study aimed to isolate and identify fungi contaminating food supplements available in pharmacies to assess their safety.
How many food supplement samples were analyzed in the study?
The study analyzed 15 food supplement samples from local pharmacies in Mosul City.
Which food supplements were found to be uncontaminated?
The study found that orange powder and slimming herbs were uncontaminated by fungi.
Which fungi were most frequently isolated from the food supplements?
The most frequently isolated fungus was Aspergillus niger, followed by Penicillium sp. and A. flavus.
What methods were used to isolate the fungi from samples?
Fungi were isolated using the dilution method which involved preparing serial dilutions and culturing on potato dextrose agar.
What potential health issues are associated with mycotoxin contamination?
Mycotoxins can lead to serious health issues affecting the liver, kidneys, respiratory, and digestive systems.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Isolation and identification of fungal contaminants in food supplements.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Food:
Food refers to the universe of substances that provide nutritional support for the body. In the context of the study, food supplements are highlighted as critical components that may be contaminated by harmful fungi, impacting health and efficacy. Understanding food safety is vital for consumer welfare.
2) Powder:
Powder signifies a form of food supplement that has been processed into a fine, dry form. The study mentions orange powder, which was noted as uncontaminated. This highlights the importance of product forms in evaluating contamination levels and their implications for consumer health.
3) Drug:
Drug refers to any substance used for medical treatment. The article discusses food supplements as potentially acting as drugs that may provide health benefits. However, contamination can alter their effectiveness, making it essential to ensure safety in drugs derived from natural sources.
4) Company:
Company refers to commercial entities that produce and market food supplements. The study lists various companies that manufacture the selected supplements, emphasizing the role of corporate responsibility in ensuring product safety and adherence to quality standards to prevent contamination.
5) Table:
Table is used to present structured data, including isolated fungi from food supplements in this study. It helps organize and clarify data regarding contamination levels, making it easier for readers to understand and evaluate the findings concerning different supplement types.
6) Medicine:
Medicine pertains to substances used to prevent or treat illness. This study implicates food supplements in the broader spectrum of medicine, underlining the necessity of ensuring that such products remain uncontaminated and safe for therapeutic use, given their popularity among consumers.
7) Study (Studying):
Study denotes the research conducted to isolate and identify fungi contaminants in food supplements. It is relevant as it contributes to understanding food safety, raises awareness about contamination, and supports the need for regulatory oversight in dietary products to protect public health.
8) Disease:
Disease relates to health conditions that are affected by various factors, including pathogens such as fungi. The paper discusses how fungal contamination in food supplements may lead to health problems, thus stressing the importance of monitoring potential disease-causing organisms in consumables.
9) Science (Scientific):
Scientific relates to the methodology and principles applied in the research. It underscores the necessity of using rigorous scientific approaches to ensure accurate results, which can impact public health policies and inform consumers about the safety of dietary supplements.
10) Indian:
Indian in this context likely refers to related studies or practices from India, particularly in the field of herbal drugs and food safety. The region is notable for its diverse medicinal plants, making the awareness of contamination integral for both traditional practices and modern health solutions.
11) Anana:
Anana refers to a specific food supplement studied in the research, which is derived from pineapple and promoted for weight reduction. Its inclusion indicates the variety of preparations entering the market while also addressing concerns about contamination of such natural products.
12) Cina:
China signifies a country mentioned in the context of food supplement manufacturing. The presence of products from China highlights the global nature of dietary supplements and raises questions regarding quality control and regulation across different countries to ensure product safety.
13) Milk:
Milk relates to a type of food supplement referred to in the study, specifically as a powdered supplement for slimming. This underscores the diverse types of supplements available on the market and their respective compliance with safety standards against contamination.
14) Performance:
Performance relates to the effectiveness and beneficial results expected from food supplements. The study indirectly links performance to the safety and quality of these products, emphasizing that contamination could hinder their intended health benefits.
15) Agriculture:
Agriculture pertains to the practice of cultivating plants, which is relevant as many food supplements are derived from agricultural products. The link between agriculture and contamination underscores the necessity for improved practices and monitoring to safeguard food supply chains.
16) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the segment of the study where findings are analyzed and implications are addressed. It allows researchers to interpret data in light of existing literature, emphasizing the consequences of fungal contamination on food supplement safety and health outcomes.
17) Pesticide:
Pesticide refers to chemicals used in agriculture to control pests, which is relevant as food supplements may be contaminated by such agents. Awareness of pesticide contamination is crucial for understanding the broader implications of agricultural practices on food supplement safety.
18) Mineral:
Mineral refers to essential nutrient components often included in food supplements. Their mention underscores the health claims associated with such products, highlighting the need for contamination checks to protect consumers relying on them for nutritional support.
19) Andhra (Amdhra):
Andhra refers to a region in India known for its agricultural practices and production of medicinal plants. Its mention emphasizes regional practices in herbal medicine, which may face challenges from contaminants that can adversely affect local populations' health.
20) Family:
Family, in this context, refers to the classification of living organisms. The family mentioned represents groups of fungi relevant to food safety. Understanding family relationships among these organisms can be essential for identifying potential health hazards in contaminated food products.
21) Cancer:
Cancer signifies a serious health condition possibly linked to contaminants found in products, including dietary supplements. The research shows the importance of ensuring that supplements do not harbor harmful substances, which can pose a risk to cancer patients or those seeking prevention.
22) Animal:
Animal pertains to natural substances derived from animals used in supplements. Their mention showcases the variety of sources for food supplements and highlights the importance of ensuring such products are free from harmful contaminants that could impact health.
23) Street:
Street may imply a local context where food supplements are available, relating to the accessibility of these products. This context highlights the importance of consumer awareness and education regarding the safety of supplements found in markets or pharmacies.
24) Egypt:
Egypt is mentioned possibly in relation to dietary practices or product sourcing. This highlights the diverse geographical origins of food supplements and emphasizes the need for vigilance and safety standards across all regions to ensure product integrity.
25) Kumar:
Kumar likely refers to an author linked to the referenced literature in the study. Including such references underscores the interconnectedness of research and the broader academic discussion concerning health, contaminants, and dietary supplements.
26) Diwan:
Diwan could refer to a company or product name associated with food supplements. Its presence suggests the need to evaluate various brands for safety compliance in order to protect consumers from potential risks related to fungal or chemical contamination.
27) Water:
Water is referenced indirectly in the method of preparing samples, showing the necessity of sterile and safe water in laboratory procedures. This highlights the significance of using uncontaminated water to ensure reliable results in studies of food safety.
28) Syria (Syrian):
Syria could imply a region related to the sourcing or consumption of food supplements. Its mention emphasizes the importance of evaluating the quality of products available in various countries, particularly in regions facing health and regulatory challenges.
29) Genu:
Genu appears to refer to a specific aspect or classification within the study. Its context may relate to the identification processes of fungi, which necessitate precise terminology to ensure clarity and accuracy in scientific communication.
30) Line:
Line may refer to a classification line or health line, indicating pathways related to dietary supplements and their impact on health. This term serves as a reminder of the various dimensions involved in promoting safe consumption practices.
31) Male:
Male refers to gender demographics within the context of dietary supplement usage. The study highlights the importance of understanding consumer behavior across different demographics to effectively address health risks associated with poorly regulated food supplements.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Isolation and identification of fungal contaminants in food supplements.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents: