Effects of papain spices mixture (spizym) on meat tenderness

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Effects of papain spices mixture (spizym) on meat tenderness
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

Abdulaziz A. Abbas, Abdelmalek M. Amran, Rashad M. Alnamer and Wael M. A. Mohammed


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Effects of papain spices mixture (spizym) on meat tenderness

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201716-10286


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

1) Introduction

The research conducted by Abdulaziz A. Abbas and colleagues aimed to assess the effects of a mixture of papain and spices (referred to as Spizym) on the tenderness of beef meat. The study was structured as a completely randomized design, examining various soaking durations (15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes) and subsequent cooking times (15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes) on the quality attributes of beef. Key outcomes of the study included changes in tenderness, juiciness, color, and flavor, with the underlying goal of improving meat tenderness through enzymatic treatment.

2) The Role of Papain in Meat Tenderization

Papain, an endolytic plant cysteine protease derived from unripe papaya, is pivotal in the meat tenderization process. Its proteolytic activity breaks down key proteins found in muscle tissues, thereby enhancing meat tenderness. The enzyme works effectively on both myofibrillar proteins and connective tissue proteins. The study highlighted that the tenderness of beef significantly increases with longer soaking times in the papain-spice mixture. Optimal results were observed with specific soaking times, showcasing papain's effectiveness in improving meat texture.

3) Effects of Soaking and Cooking Duration on Meat Quality

The study results indicated a clear correlation between soaking duration and meat quality attributes. As soaking time increased, the tenderness, juiciness, and flavor of the meat improved until a certain point. Notably, samples soaked for 45 minutes exhibited the best overall palatability characteristics, while excessive soaking (such as 60 minutes) led to excessive breakdown of the meat structure, causing adverse effects on flavor and overall quality. An increase in cooking time further influenced the juiciness and tenderness of the meat, emphasizing the balance needed between soaking and cooking times for optimal results.

4) Physiochemical Changes and Sensory Evaluation

The research analyzed the effects on the physico-chemical properties of beef during the soaking and cooking processes. Sensory evaluations performed by a panel demonstrated varying levels of tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and color based on soaking and cooking durations. Experimental findings indicated that while the addition of the papain-spice mixture enhanced tenderness, it also resulted in significant moisture loss and changes in texture when either soaking or cooking times were excessively long. These sensory characteristics were crucial in determining the overall quality perception of the meat.

5) Conclusion

In conclusion, the utilization of proteolytic enzymes such as papain from the Spizym mixture significantly improves the tenderness of beef meat through the careful manipulation of soaking and cooking durations. The research underscored the importance of optimizing these parameters to maximize meat quality while minimizing protein loss and maintaining desirable organoleptic qualities. The optimal conditions identified for achieving superior meat characteristics were a 45-minute soak in the papain mixture followed by 30- or 45-minute cooking, rendering significant improvements in tenderness and overall flavor.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the main purpose of the research on papain spices mixture?

The research aims to investigate the effects of papaya extract and spices on the tenderness of beef meat through different soaking and cooking times.

Which meat characteristics were evaluated in the study?

The study evaluated tenderness, juiciness, color, and flavor of the marinated samples after cooking.

What soaking times were tested in the experiment?

Soaking times tested were 0 (control), 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes at room temperature.

How did soaking in the papain mixture affect cooking yield?

Soaking in the papain spices mixture decreased cooking yield across all samples, especially with longer soaking times.

What was the optimal soaking and cooking time for meat tenderness?

The optimal conditions for meat tenderness were found to be 45 minutes soaking followed by 30 minutes cooking.

What adverse effects were observed with prolonged soaking in the study?

Prolonged soaking (60 minutes) resulted in excessively tender meat, reduced flavor quality, and significant protein loss, highlighting the importance of balancing tenderness with taste.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Effects of papain spices mixture (spizym) on meat tenderness”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Meat:
Meat is a vital source of protein and nutrients, derived from animals. It plays a crucial role in human diets worldwide, influencing dietary habits, cultural practices, and cuisine. The quality, tenderness, and flavor of meat are essential for consumer satisfaction, impacting the meat industry and culinary practices significantly.

2) Table:
In the context of the article, a table is a structured format for presenting data on sensory evaluations and various treatments of beef. Tables help in organizing information clearly, allowing for easy comparison and analysis, which is vital in research for conveying results and findings effectively to readers.

3) Water:
Water is critical in the context of meat quality, as it directly affects tenderness, juiciness, and flavor. The ability of meat to retain water influences its weight and palatability. The article discusses how water holding capacity diminishes through cooking, impacting meat's enjoyment and sensory attributes.

4) Medicine:
The use of enzymes such as papain from papaya latex resembles medical treatments applied to enhance healing properties. In the study, papain's proteolytic activity is highlighted, which not only tenderizes meat but also mirrors medicinal properties in protein digestion and therapeutic applications in various medical fields.

5) Quality:
Quality refers to the overall attributes of the meat, including tenderness, flavor, and juiciness, which determine consumer preference. The study emphasizes the importance of quality characteristics in assessing different treatment methods, as enhanced quality directly influences marketability and consumer satisfaction in the meat industry.

6) Veterinary medicine:
Veterinary medicine is integral in ensuring the health and well-being of animals raised for food production. It relates to the research by emphasizing animal health management practices that affect meat quality. Understanding veterinary medicine contributes to improved meat production methods and enhances food safety standards.

7) Activity:
Activity often refers to the enzymatic actions occurring during marinating or cooking meat, particularly the proteolytic activity of papain. The study examines how enzyme activity affects the physical and chemical properties of meat, leading to improvements in tenderness and overall flavor, which are crucial for meat preparation.

8) Agriculture:
Agriculture is the foundational industry that encompasses the cultivation of food resources, including livestock management and crop production. The study's relevance to agricultural practices lies in its focus on improving meat through enzyme treatment and optimal farming methods, which can enhance the quality and sustainability of meat production.

9) Study (Studying):
A study represents a systematic investigation into the effects of papain and spices on meat tenderness. The research methodology highlights the importance of structured experiments, data collection, and analysis in deriving conclusions that contribute to better practices in meat processing and culinary applications.

10) Food:
Food encompasses all substances consumed for nourishment, including meat products. The article explores the mechanisms of improving meat quality through enzymatic processes, underlining the relationship between food preparation methods and the resulting flavors and textures that impact consumer experiences and preferences.

11) Measurement:
Measurement in this context refers to the quantifiable assessment of meat quality characteristics such as tenderness, juiciness, and flavor. Accurate measurement provides essential data for evaluating the effectiveness of different treatments applied to beef, allowing for informed conclusions and recommendations in meat science.

12) Animal:
Animals, particularly livestock, are the primary sources of meat production. The welfare and health of animals directly influence the quality of the meat. Understanding animal biology, behavior, and management practices is crucial for enhancing meat tenderness and overall quality in agricultural practices.

13) Pur:
Poor refers to suboptimal conditions or outcomes that can arise from inadequate meat treatment or processing methods. The study identifies instances of poor flavor and texture, emphasizing the importance of monitoring enzyme activity and marinating time to avoid undesirable quality characteristics in meat products.

14) Perception:
Perception relates to how sensory attributes of meat, like tenderness and flavor, are interpreted by consumers. This subjective experience influences purchasing behavior and satisfaction. The study aims to enhance meat quality, ultimately improving the consumer perception of the product's overall value in the marketplace.

15) Discussion:
Discussion involves analyzing and interpreting the study results in relation to existing literature and practices. This critical aspect of research helps to identify implications, validate findings, and propose recommendations for better meat tenderization techniques that can be adopted in culinary and agricultural applications.

16) Collecting:
Collecting refers to the process of obtaining various samples, such as papain and meat, for experimentation. In research, proper collecting techniques ensure the integrity of the samples, which is vital for reliable and reproducible results. Effective collecting methods enhance the quality of the data acquired from the study.

17) Turmeric:
Turmeric, a spice mentioned in the study, is known for its health benefits and flavor enhancement properties. Its inclusion in the spice mixture can impact the sensory attributes of meat. The study explores how combining spices with enzymatic treatments can improve the overall quality of the meat.

18) Cutting:
Cutting the meat into uniform pieces is crucial for ensuring even marination and cooking. Proper cutting techniques can affect the tenderness and flavor retention of the meat. The study emphasizes the significance of cutting methods in achieving optimal results during the tenderization process.

19) Science (Scientific):
Science refers to the systematic study of natural phenomena, applied in this research to understand the biochemical processes involved in meat tenderization. The application of scientific principles in analyzing enzyme activity and meat quality provides evidence-based insights essential for advancements in food technology and culinary sciences.

20) Garlic:
Garlic, while not the primary focus, is another spice that may enhance flavor and contribute to meat tenderization. Its antioxidant properties can decrease harmful compounds during meat cooking. The interaction of garlic with papain in meat preparation demonstrates the beneficial effects spices can have on overall meat quality.

21) Bitter:
Bitter refers to an undesirable taste that can result from over-tenderization of meat through excessive enzymatic action or prolonged soaking. Managing enzyme activity is essential to avoid leaving a bitter aftertaste, and the study aims to identify optimal conditions that preserve favorable flavor profiles in treated meats.

22) Field:
Field refers to the practical application of research findings within agricultural practices and food industries. The study emphasizes the importance of translating laboratory results to the field, where improved meat tenderization processes can be implemented to raise standards of meat quality in commercial settings.

23) Ripe:
Ripe indicates the state of the papaya used to extract papain. The level of ripeness affects the enzyme's activity, with unripe fruits offering higher proteolytic potency. Understanding the impact of ripeness helps in selecting optimal fruits for meat tenderization purposes, improving the efficiency of enzyme treatments in beef.

24) Salt (Salty):
Salt is commonly used in meat processing for flavor enhancement and preservation. In the study's context, its addition alongside spices in the enzyme treatment promotes desirable taste and quality. Understanding salt's role in meat preparation is important for culinary effectiveness and consumer acceptance of meat products.

25) Post:
Post refers to the period after slaughter, during which meat undergoes biochemical changes affecting its characteristics. The study discusses how post-mortem processes, including proteolysis through enzyme action, contribute to meat tenderness. Understanding these changes is crucial for developing effective aging and tenderization methods in the meat industry.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Effects of papain spices mixture (spizym) on meat tenderness’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Sensory evaluation, Thermal treatment, Experimental data, Proteolytic Enzyme, Control sample.

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