Chromogenic spectrophotometric quantification of acotiamide
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Chromogenic-visible-spectrophotometric quantification of acotiamide in bulk drug and its formulation
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Imam Pasha S., Murali Balaram Varanasi1 and Ibrahim Mohammed
Download the PDF file of the original publication
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Chromogenic-visible-spectrophotometric quantification of acotiamide in bulk drug and its formulation
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201717-10469
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Summary of article contents:
1) Introduction
The article presents a study on the development and validation of a visible spectrophotometric method for the quantification of Acotiamide, a drug utilized in treating functional dyspepsia. The method is characterized as simple, precise, economical, and time-efficient, employing chromogenic reagents like MBTH and ferric chloride. The standout feature of this method is its compliance with Beer-Lambert’s law within a concentration range of 10-100 µg/ml and the demonstrated statistical reliability of its results. Ultimately, this work aims to provide a rapid and efficient analytical technique for use in quality control laboratories.
2) Method Development and Validation
The proposed visible spectrophotometric method employs a reaction between Acotiamide and MBTH in the presence of ferric chloride. This innovative quantitative analysis allows for the oxidative coupling of the drug, resulting in a colored chromogen that can be measured spectrophotometrically at an absorption maximum of 630 nm. Parameters such as temperature, reagent concentration, and order of addition were optimized to achieve maximum sensitivity and reproducibility. Notable optical characteristics including molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity were established during validation.
3) Accuracy and Recovery Studies
Accuracy and recovery assessments were carried out by analyzing commercially available Acotiamide tablets and comparing the results to those obtained using reference methods, such as HPLC. Recovery experiments involved spiking known amounts of pure drug into pre-analyzed formulations and calculating the percentage recovery. The study found that the proposed method yielded results statistically comparable to reference methods, confirming its reliability and accuracy, with average recoveries consistently above 99%.
4) Chemistry of the Reaction
The chemistry underlying the color formation involves the amino group present in Acotiamide, which enables the compound to undergo oxidative coupling with MBTH when ferric chloride is introduced. The process begins with the oxidation of MBTH under the reaction conditions, leading to the formation of an electrophilic intermediate. This intermediate subsequently reacts with Acotiamide through electrophilic attack, ultimately resulting in the formation of a colored species that can be quantified spectrophotometrically. This reaction mechanism is critical in establishing the specificity and sensitivity of the proposed analytical method.
5) Conclusion
The study concludes that the described visible spectrophotometric method is an effective technique for the quantitative determination of Acotiamide in both bulk drug samples and pharmaceutical formulations. The method is fast, precise, and capable of overcoming interference from common excipients, making it suitable for quality control applications in pharmaceutical laboratories. With its linear calibration curve, low relative standard deviation, and high recovery rates, this method proves to be a valuable addition to existing analytical methods for Acotiamide assessment.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Acotiamide and its therapeutic use?
Acotiamide is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor developed for treating functional dyspepsia. It enhances acetylcholine release and inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity through muscarinic receptor inhibition in the stomach.
What method is used for quantifying Acotiamide?
A visible spectrophotometric method using MBTH and ferric chloride was developed for quantifying Acotiamide in bulk drug and formulations, with an absorption maximum of 630 nm.
What is the range of Beer’s law for Acotiamide?
The developed method follows Beer’s law in the concentration range of 10-100 µg/ml, allowing accurate quantification of Acotiamide in various samples.
Which instruments were used in the study?
The study utilized a SHIMADZU-1700 Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometer for spectral measurements and a Digisun model DI-707 pH meter for pH measurements.
How was the accuracy of the method validated?
The accuracy was validated through recovery experiments and statistical comparison with a reference method, confirming that the proposed method is reliable and accurate.
What are the benefits of this spectrophotometric method?
This method is fast, sensitive, precise, and accurate with no interference from excipients, making it suitable for quality control analysis in pharmaceuticals.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Chromogenic spectrophotometric quantification of acotiamide”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
In the context of this research, 'drug' refers to Acotiamide, a compound under study for its effectiveness in treating functional dyspepsia. Understanding its properties, quantification, and methods of analysis is vital in pharmaceutical science, ensuring the drug's efficacy and safety when formulated for patient use.
2) Table:
'Table' in this text denotes a structured presentation of data, specifically showcasing findings, such as the evaluation of Acotiamide in various formulations. Tables are crucial for summarizing results, making them easily comprehensible, and providing a visual representation of comparisons and statistical analyses in research.
3) Species:
In this context, 'species' refers to the molecular form of Acotiamide that interacts with analytical reagents like MBTH. Understanding the chemical species formed during reactions is essential for discerning methods of quantification in pharmacology and ensuring accurate drug measurement methods are in place.
4) India:
'India' signifies the geographical context where the research was conducted. The pharmaceutical studies mentioned are representative of India's growing pharmaceutical sector, which plays a crucial role in global drug production and quality control, as Indian institutions frequently engage in drug development and analytical method validation.
5) Water:
'Water' is used as a solvent in preparing chemical reagents, such as MBTH and ferric chloride. The quality of water is critical in analytical chemistry since impurities can affect the accuracy and reliability of measurements. It serves as a fundamental component in various laboratory procedures.
6) Measurement:
'Measurement' involves quantifying concentrations of Acotiamide in formulations through developed analytical methods. Accurate measurements are vital for determining drug efficacy, ensuring formulations meet regulatory standards, and enabling consistent production quality in the pharmaceutical industry, which ultimately safeguards patient safety.
7) Activity:
'Activity' pertains to the pharmacological action of Acotiamide, particularly its role as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Understanding the activity of a drug is essential for evaluating its therapeutic potential, mechanisms of action, and implications for treatment strategies in managing conditions like functional dyspepsia.
8) Relative:
The term 'relative' is commonly used in comparison contexts, such as relative standard deviation, indicating the variability of data in relation to the mean. In the study, assessing relative values is necessary for understanding the precision of analytical methods and establishing confidence in measurement reliability.
9) Pasha (Pasa):
'Pasha' refers to the lead author of the study, Imam Pasha S. The author's contribution is integral to the credibility of the research. The reputation and expertise of authors can influence the acceptance and impact of studies in the scientific community.
10) Road:
'Road' encapsulates the location details, specifically Route No. 3 in Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India. The place signifies the institution's accessibility and contributes to the context in which the research was conducted, particularly for engagements with local pharmaceutical sectors.
11) Post:
'Post' may reference communications or documentation following the research's conclusion, indicating further analysis, peer reviews, or disseminating findings to the scientific community. This process is critical for advancing knowledge, improving practices, and influencing future research in pharmaceutical sciences.
12) Discussion:
'Discussion' in research refers to the section where findings are interpreted, analyzed, and contextualized within existing literature. This segment is key for understanding the implications of the study results, exploring limitations, and proposing future directions for research and applications of the findings.
13) Varanasi (Varanashi):
'Varanasi' indicates the affiliation of co-author Murali Balaram Varanasi. The presence of multiple institutions signifies collaborative efforts in research, emphasizing the importance of teamwork in advancements within the pharmaceutical domain and the sharing of expertise for greater impact.
14) Quality:
'Quality' pertains to the standards of pharmaceutical products and analytical methods. Ensuring high quality in drug formulation and testing methods is essential for safety and efficacy, affecting patient outcomes and regulatory compliance in the highly scrutinized pharmaceutical industry.
15) Powder:
'Powder' refers to the physical state of Acotiamide in sample preparation for quantification. Its ability to dissolve and interact with solvents influences analytical techniques. Understanding the properties of powders in formulations is vital for ensuring accuracy in dosage forms and therapeutic efficacy.
16) Line:
'Line' often relates to the linear relationship observed in calibration curves used for quantifying drug concentrations. Establishing a reliable linear relationship is fundamental in analytical methods, as it dictates the accuracy and precision of measurements in quantitatively assessing drug amounts.
17) Shand (Sand):
'Sand' in this context is used in relation to Sandell's sensitivity, a measure of the minimum concentration detectable by an analytical method. This parameter is crucial in evaluating the efficiency and applicability of the proposed method for quantifying Acotiamide without interference from other substances.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Chromogenic spectrophotometric quantification of acotiamide’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Functional dyspepsia, Analytical method, Efficacy and safety, Recovery experiment, Molar absorptivity, Optical characteristics, Formulation analysis, Interference studies, Beer Lambert's law, Standard drug solution, Calibration method.