Effect of quinolphos on male gonads of Lamellidens corrianus.

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Effect of chronic treatment of organophosphorous pesticide quinolphos on male gonads of fresh water molluscs lamellidense corrianus found in dought prone region sangola of maharashtra state, (india)
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Original source:

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Author:

Kamble V. S., Mahajan V. P. and Kazi F. J.


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Effect of chronic treatment of organophosphorous pesticide quinolphos on male gonads of fresh water molluscs lamellidense corrianus found in dought prone region sangola of maharashtra state, (india)

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201717-10417

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The study investigates the effects of chronic exposure to the organophosphorus pesticide Quinolphos on the male gonads of the freshwater mollusc Lamellidens corrianus, located in the Chincholi tank near Sangola, Maharashtra, India. The research emphasizes the increasing pollution levels in freshwater bodies due to industrial effluents and agricultural runoff, which pose severe risks to aquatic life. Freshwater molluscs are particularly vulnerable due to their filter-feeding nature and their exposure to toxic substances, which can heavily impact their physiological and reproductive systems.

Severe Gonadal Damage During Monsoon

One of the critical findings of the study was the severe damage observed in the male gonads during the monsoon season. The histopathological evaluation revealed significant disruptions in the developmental sequences of spermatogonia and spermatocytes. The follicles exhibited severe damage, leading to clumping of spermatogonia and a loss of continuity in the normal developmental stages. This damage reflects the hazardous effects of Quinolphos, emphasizing the concern regarding pesticide exposure during critical reproductive periods for this species.

Seasonal Variations in Gonadal Impact

The study highlights how seasonal variations influence the extent of damage caused by the organophosphorus pesticide. During winter, there was considerable damage noted in the gonads, albeit to a lesser extent than in the monsoon. The male follicles displayed a reduced number of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, with several spermatids also suffering damage. This variability indicates the complex interactions between environmental conditions and pesticide exposure, necessitating further investigation to understand how these factors collectively affect mollusc reproduction.

Consistency with Previous Research

The findings align with previous studies that reported similar histopathological changes in the gonads of other freshwater bivalves exposed to pesticides like Malathion and endosulfan. Research by Muley and Mane (1987) found that pesticides adversely affected the reproductive health of various freshwater molluscs, leading to decline in gonadal development across seasons. The current study corroborates these claims, suggesting a broader trend of pesticide toxicity affecting the reproductive systems of different aquatic organisms.

Conclusion

Overall, the chronic exposure to Quinolphos notably damages the male gonads of Lamellidens corrianus, particularly pronounced during the summer and monsoon seasons. This study underscores the urgent need to address the pollution of aquatic environments and the impacts of pesticides on critical aquatic species. The consistency of findings with prior research emphasizes the necessity for ongoing monitoring and regulation of chemical runoff into freshwater systems to protect biodiversity and maintain ecological balance.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the focus of the study on Lamellidens corrianus?

The study investigates the effects of chronic treatment with the organophosphorous pesticide Quinolphos on the male gonads of the freshwater mollusk Lamellidens corrianus in different seasonal conditions.

What were the major findings regarding gonad damage?

The results indicated severe damage to the male gonads, with significant disruptions in spermatogenesis observed, including clumping of spermatogonia and detachment of spermatocytes and spermatids during exposure to the pesticide.

How were the experimental specimens of Lamellidens corrianus collected?

Specimens of Lamellidens corrianus were collected from Chincholi tank near Sangola, Maharashtra, and were exposed to a chronic treatment of 1/10th of the LC50 concentration of Quinolphos during all three seasons.

What methods were used for histopathological analysis?

For histopathological analysis, male gonads were fixed in Bovine fluid, dehydrated using different alcohol grades, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at six microns, and stained using Delafield’s hematoxylene and eosin for microphotography.

How did seasonal variations affect gonadal damage?

Seasonal variation showed that damage was most pronounced during summer, with considerable damage noted in monsoon and winter as well, reflecting the pesticide's varying toxicity under different environmental conditions.

Why are freshwater molluscs like Lamellidens corrianus significant?

Freshwater molluscs, such as Lamellidens corrianus, are ecologically important as they are filter feeders and indicators of water quality, providing insights into the impact of pollution and environmental changes on aquatic ecosystems.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Effect of quinolphos on male gonads of Lamellidens corrianus.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Water:
Water is essential for all forms of life and serves as the medium in which aquatic organisms, such as the freshwater mollusks being studied, thrive. The research examines how pollutants, specifically from pesticides, impact the aquatic environment, affecting water quality and the organisms dependent on it for survival.

2) Male:
In the context of this study, 'male' refers to the male gonads of the freshwater mollusk Lamellidens corrianus. Understanding male reproductive health is critical, as environmental pollutants like pesticides can adversely affect male gonads, leading to reproductive issues and population declines in affected species.

3) Pesticide:
Pesticides are chemicals used to eliminate pests that can also harm non-target organisms, such as freshwater mollusks. The study focuses on organophosphorus pesticide Quinolphos, investigating its chronic effects on the reproductive systems of Lamellidens corrianus, highlighting the broader implications of pesticide use in agriculture and water quality.

4) Summer:
Summer is one of the three seasons examined in the study, representing a time when increased temperature can intensify the effects of pollutants like pesticides. The research findings indicate that male gonads showed significant damage during summer, implicating seasonal variations in toxicity and ecological stressors on aquatic life.

5) Animal:
The term 'animal' in this research encompasses freshwater mollusks, a diverse group of invertebrates studied for their ecological roles and sensitivity to pollution. This study positions mollusks as bioindicators, reflecting the health of freshwater ecosystems and the impacts of human activities such as urbanization and agriculture.

6) India:
India is the geographical context of the research, particularly focusing on freshwater ecosystems in Maharashtra. The study highlights local environmental challenges and the ecological integrity of water bodies in India, providing insight into the impact of industrialization and agricultural practices on native aquatic species.

7) Study (Studying):
Studying refers to the scientific inquiry into the effects of environmental pollutants on aquatic organisms in the research. This active investigation underscores the importance of ecological studies in comprehending biodiversity loss and the need for informed management of freshwater ecosystems to protect vulnerable species.

8) Solapur:
Solapur is a district in Maharashtra, India, where the research was conducted in local freshwater habitats like Chincholi tank. The specific location underscores the importance of geographic factors in ecological studies and provides context for understanding how localized pollution sources impact regional biodiversity.

9) Tank:
The term 'tank' refers to a freshwater body that serves as a habitat for the studied mollusks. Chincholi tank represents a critical ecological zone where water quality and biological health are tightly interlinked, making it a vital site for studying the impacts of environmental pollutants.

10) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can damage organisms. The study examines the toxicity of Quinolphos on L. corrianus, providing valuable insights into the harmful effects of pesticides on freshwater species and enhancing understanding of the risks posed by chemical exposure in aquatic environments.

11) Zoology:
Zoology is the branch of biology focused on the study of animals, including their behavior, physiology, and ecology. This study falls within zoological research, contributing to the knowledge base about how environmental factors, particularly pollutants, affect animal health and reproductive mechanisms in aquatic species.

12) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is the Indian state where the research is situated, providing a regional context for studying the effects of pesticide exposure in its freshwater ecosystems. Understanding local environmental issues in Maharashtra aids in formulating conservation and management strategies for aquatic biodiversity in the region.

13) Species:
In this context, 'species' refers specifically to the freshwater mollusk Lamellidens corrianus. The study investigates how this particular species responds to environmental stressors, underscoring the importance of species-level studies in assessing ecological health and the effects of human-induced changes on biodiversity.

14) Fish:
Fish are a common object of ecological study and are relevant as they share habitats with the mollusks being investigated. The work cited regarding fish histopathology connects findings on the toxicity of pollutants in various aquatic species, indicating a broader ecological impact of pesticide exposure across taxa.

15) Life:
Life in freshwater ecosystems is intricately connected to complex interactions among organisms and their environments. This study aims to shine a light on how pesticides disrupt these interactions, particularly affecting the reproductive aspects of life cycles in the studied mollusk species, thereby impacting population health.

16) Surrounding:
Surrounding refers to the environmental conditions and aquatic habitats influencing the health of the studied species. The study emphasizes how changes in the surrounding ecosystems, due to pollutants, can lead to adverse effects on freshwater organisms, highlighting the fragility of these environments.

17) Observation:
Observation in the context of this study refers to the systematic recording of the physiological changes observed in the male gonads of L. corrianus. Evaluating these changes helps quantify the impacts of chronic pesticide exposure, linking empirical evidence to broader ecological concerns within aquatic ecosystems.

18) Discussion:
The discussion section of the research facilitates the interpretation of findings, comparing them with existing literature and theories in environmental science. It serves as a critical examination of the study's results, promoting a deeper understanding of the ecological implications of pesticide exposure and recommending future research directions.

19) Developing:
Developing in this study refers to the stages in the growth and maturation of male gonads within the freshwater mollusks. The impact of pesticides disrupted the development of germ cells, shedding light on how toxic exposure interrupts normal reproductive processes and affects population dynamics.

20) Godavari (Go-davari):
Godavari refers to a prominent river in India associated with various studies on aquatic organisms. Mentioning the Godavari highlights potential broader implications for pesticide impacts measured in this study, considering how pollution affects not just specific species in isolated tanks but also larger riverine ecosystems.

21) Fixation:
Fixation is a crucial step in histopathological studies where tissues are preserved for examination. In this research, male gonads were fixed for analysis, allowing scientists to study the cellular structures and any damage caused by pesticide exposure, which is critical for understanding the physiological impacts on the organisms.

22) Quality:
Quality pertains to the purity and ecological health of freshwater environments. The study of pesticide impacts on L. corrianus reflects broader concerns about water quality, emphasizing the necessity to monitor and mitigate pollutants to preserve biodiversity and ensure safe water resources for all organisms.

23) Tilak:
Tilak may refer to a researcher or a relevant study cited within the document. Such references are important in grounding new research within the existing body of knowledge, ensuring that findings from current studies inform and enhance our understanding of the ecological challenges faced by aquatic species.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Effect of quinolphos on male gonads of Lamellidens corrianus.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Winter season, Summer season, Calcium carbonate, Monsoon season, Physico-chemical parameters, Histopathological study, Chronic treatment, Spermatogonia, Long-term exposure, Histopathological change, Industrial effluent, Aquatic biota, Severe damage, Organophosphorus pesticide, Male gonads, Chincholi tank, Pesticide stress, Cythion-malathion, Bovine fluid, Lamellibranch molluscs, Freshwater mollusc.

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