Cinnamon's antibacterial effects on UTI bacterial isolates.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Cinnamon's antibacterial activity on the bacterial isolates from urinary tract infections
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Kawakib I. Al-Zubaidy
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Cinnamon's antibacterial activity on the bacterial isolates from urinary tract infections
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201717-10304.
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Levodopa (Lev), or L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine, has been widely used in neurology since the 1960s as a metabolic precursor for dopamine, a key neurotransmitter affected in conditions like Parkinson's disease. Despite its efficacy, Lev treatment can lead to adverse effects, including motor complications and neuronal cell death due to its metabolic conversion processes. This study aims to analyze the molecular interactions between Lev and nitrogenous bases (NB) using a quantum method to better understand the potential genetic implications and risks associated with Lev treatment.
The Interaction of Levodopa and Nitrogenous Bases
The study employs the semi-empirical quantum method (SE-PM3) to investigate the affinity of nitrogenous bases for Lev and their potential alterations. Using molecular modeling software (Hyperchem Professional), the researchers analyzed the electron transfer characteristics of various nitrogenous bases with Lev. Notably, Guanine displayed a significant loss of electrons, indicating a heightened risk for mutation when interacting with Lev. This process of electron loss can result in the formation of complex molecules such as 8-oxo Guanine, which are critical in the context of genetic mutations.
The Role of Guanine in Genetic Mutations
A crucial finding of the study is that the oxidation of Guanine, prompted by Lev, can lead to mutations during cell division. Normally paired with Adenine, oxidized Guanine can mispair with Cytosine, resulting in daughter cells that may carry genetic errors. This mispairing significantly raises the risk of developing cancer or other genetic disorders. The implications of Guanine's interaction with Lev highlight a significant concern regarding the long-term genetic stability in patients undergoing Lev treatment.
The Mechanism of Toxicity Associated with Levodopa
The study also explores how Lev's metabolic pathway through catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) influences levels of homocysteine, which has been linked to vascular events and cognitive decline. By inhibiting enzymes that metabolize Lev, the study indicates that increased homocysteine levels may pose additional risks for patients with Parkinson's disease. This metabolic aspect crucially ties the medication to potential neurological complications, reinforcing the need to understand the drug's long-term implications on both neuronal health and genetic stability.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the quantum analysis of Lev and its interaction with nitrogenous bases, particularly Guanine, underscores the potential genetic hazards associated with Lev treatment. The study elucidates the biochemical pathways and the accompanying risk of genetic mutations attributed to oxidative damage. These insights pave the way for future research to further investigate the correlation between Lev-induced mutations and the development of genetic diseases, which is essential for improving treatment strategies for Parkinson's disease and similar neurological disorders. The findings also emphasize the importance of genetic considerations in the pharmacological approach to treatment.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Levodopa and its function in treating neurological disorders?
Levodopa, or L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine, is a drug used to treat Parkinson's disease. It serves as a metabolic precursor to dopamine, which helps improve motor symptoms associated with the condition.
What adverse effects are associated with long-term Levodopa treatment?
Long-term Levodopa treatment can lead to motor complications like reduced effect duration and involuntary movements (dyskinesias). About 40% of patients experience these complications after years of therapy.
How does Levodopa metabolism impact genetic mutations?
Levodopa's metabolism can produce genetic mutations by altering nitrogenous bases, which affects protein formation and may lead to genetic diseases due to DNA damage.
What role does Hyperchem software play in the study?
Hyperchem software is utilized for molecular modeling and analysis of Levodopa and nitrogenous bases, helping researchers evaluate their interactions and calculate various quantum properties.
Which nitrogenous base showed the highest susceptibility to Levodopa?
The study identified Guanine as having the highest likelihood of alteration by Levodopa, indicating a significant interaction that could lead to genetic issues.
What are the potential consequences of Guanine oxidation by Levodopa?
Oxidation of Guanine by Levodopa can produce complex molecules like 8-oxo Guanine, increasing the risk of mutations, cancer, or cell death if incorrectly paired during cell division.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Cinnamon's antibacterial effects on UTI bacterial isolates.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Parada:
Parada refers to Oscar Sánchez-Parada, one of the authors of the study focused on analyzing the effects of Levodopa on nitrogenous bases using quantum methods. His involvement indicates a contribution to the understanding of neuropharmacology, which is essential for advancing treatments in neurology and elucidating the toxicological mechanisms of drugs.
2) Table:
Tables in scientific studies, such as those included in this article, are used to summarize and present data in a clear, organized manner. They enable researchers and readers to quickly interpret complex information regarding molecular interactions and parameters, such as energies, affinities, and methods used, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the findings.
3) Disease:
The term 'disease' in this context relates closely to Parkinson's disease, which is primarily treated with Levodopa. Understanding the biochemical and genetic mutations caused by such treatments is pivotal in assessing both the therapeutic benefits and potential side effects, guiding future research directions in neurology and therapeutic development.
4) Mutation:
Mutation refers to changes in the sequence of DNA, which can lead to various genetic disorders or diseases. Understanding how substances like Levodopa may promote mutations in nitrogenous bases is crucial for grasping the risks associated with long-term dependencies on such drugs and their possible contribution to conditions like cancer.
5) Drug:
Levodopa, the drug discussed in this study, is critical in the management of Parkinson's disease. By exploring its metabolic pathways and interactions with nitrogenous bases, researchers gain insights into both its therapeutic effectiveness and the potential for adverse effects, which could impact treatment protocols and patient safety.
6) Study (Studying):
Studying refers to the investigation into the interactions between Levodopa and nitrogenous bases. Researching these effects is essential for comprehending the drug's biochemical pathways and potential toxicities, thus empowering medical professionals to improve treatment regimens and mitigate harmful side effects for patients.
7) Family:
In the context of genetic diseases, 'family' pertains to hereditary patterns observed in conditions like Parkinson's disease. Recognizing familial links helps researchers identify susceptible genes, allowing for better understanding of genetic risk factors and the potential influence of specific mutations across generations in affected families.
8) Death:
The term 'death' is referenced in relation to neuronal death caused by toxicity from Levodopa. It highlights the potential severe consequences of drug interactions within the nervous system, emphasizing the importance of studying the safety and long-term impacts of medications used in treating chronic diseases.
9) Human body:
Understanding how Levodopa interacts within the human body is vital for assessing the drug's pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Insights into biochemical processes, molecular interactions, and their effects on human health drive the development of new therapeutic strategies and inform clinical practices in neurology.
10) Substance:
Substance refers to any chemical compound, including Levodopa and nitrogenous bases, whose interactions are studied in this research. Analyzing how these substances affect each other helps elucidate their roles in biological processes, which is crucial for understanding drug behavior and designing effective treatments.
11) Splitting:
Splitting in the context of molecular biology often relates to DNA replication. Understanding how drugs like Levodopa may impact this process, particularly if mutations occur due to oxidative damage, is crucial for elucidating mechanisms behind genetic diseases and designing preventative or therapeutic measures.
12) Cancer:
Cancer is a serious outcome that may be associated with genetic mutations caused by substances like Levodopa. By understanding how oxidative processes lead to DNA alterations, researchers can identify factors contributing to oncogenesis, emphasizing the need for safe medication strategies and patient monitoring.
13) Nature:
In this context, 'nature' can refer to the inherent qualities and interactions of biochemical compounds. Understanding the nature of these interactions, particularly those leading to mutations or biological changes, is important for advancing pharmacological knowledge and improving patient outcomes in chronic disease treatment.
14) Water:
Water plays a critical role in biochemical reactions and cellular processes. The mention of water in the study underscores its importance in reaction dynamics, particularly as a solvent that facilitates the interactions between molecules, which is essential for understanding biochemical pathways and drug behavior.
15) Beta:
Beta often refers to beta-glucosidase, an enzyme related to the genetic factors involved in diseases like Parkinson's. Recognizing the interactions between such enzymes and drugs is key to understanding metabolic pathways, helping to identify potential therapeutic targets and influence treatment outcomes.
16) Amol:
Amol, or kcal/Amol, is a unit of measure used in thermodynamics to describe energy per mole, often in the context of molecular interactions. Understanding this parameter helps researchers quantify the stability and interaction strength between molecules, providing insights into chemical reactions in biological systems.
17) Rich (Rch):
Rich in this context would typically refer to the dense or significant information derived from the experimental data obtained during the study. Rich data facilitates deeper insights into molecular interactions and pathways, thereby improving the understanding of how drugs function within biological systems.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Cinnamon's antibacterial effects on UTI bacterial isolates.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
In vitro studies, Molecular modeling, Genetic mutation, Oxidative agent, Interaction coefficient.