Quality control for fermented polyherbal formulation “draksharishta”
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Preparation and evaluation of quality control parameters for classical fermented polyherbal formulation “draksharishta”
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Ashish Arora, C. P. Kashyap, Vikrant Arya and Pankaj K.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Preparation and evaluation of quality control parameters for classical fermented polyherbal formulation “draksharishta”
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Ayurveda, a traditional system of medicine, boasts various unique dosage forms designed for both acute and chronic disease treatment. Among these forms, Asava and Arishta hold particular significance due to their self-generated alcohol content, resulting from fermentation processes. This article details the preparation and evaluation of Draksharishta, a classical fermented polyherbal formulation, focusing on its standard operating procedures and quality control measures to ensure its efficacy and safety.
The Unique Nature of Asava and Arishta
Asava and Arishta are two types of liquid dosage forms in Ayurveda that are produced through a fermentation process. This unique process involves the use of herbal juices or decoctions, combined with sugars and natural fermentation initiators, which can include flowers such as Woodfordia fruticosa. The significance of these formulations lies in their long shelf life and the saying "older the better," reflecting the heightened efficacy that develops over time. Their self-generated alcohol not only contributes to their therapeutic value but also enhances their palatability compared to other dosage forms.
Preparation of Draksharishta
The preparation of Draksharishta incorporates the dried fruits of Vitis vinifera, alongside various other herbal ingredients, to create a polyherbal hydroalcoholic formulation. The process includes decocting the crude drugs and fermenting the mixture under specific conditions to produce the final herbal preparation. A table detailing the composition of the formulation lists the primary ingredients and their respective quantities, demonstrating a balanced and deliberate approach to traditional herbal medicine.
Physicochemical Evaluation
In the study, various physicochemical properties of Draksharishta were rigorously evaluated to establish quality control standards. Parameters such as total solid content, pH, viscosity, specific gravity, and alcohol content were measured and documented. The results showed that the formulation possessed distinct organoleptic characteristics like a brown color and sweet, astringent taste, indicating its readiness for therapeutic applications. Furthermore, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was utilized to identify the phytoconstituents, contributing to the ongoing quality assessment of the formulation.
Conclusion
The study highlights the increasing importance of quality and safety in Ayurvedic formulations such as Draksharishta. Through meticulous preparations and standardization procedures, the physicochemical evaluations provide a framework for quality control that ensures maximum therapeutic benefits. By emphasizing the unique attributes of Asava and Arishta, along with the scientifically validated methods of preparation and evaluation, the research underscores their place in contemporary Ayurvedic practice and the pharmaceutical industry.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Draksharishta, and what is its primary use?
Draksharishta is a poly-herbal hydroalcoholic formulation used as a rejuvenator in debilitating conditions, blood purification, and respiratory issues like cough and asthma. It primarily contains dried fruits of Vitis vinifera.
How are Draksharishta and similar formulations prepared?
Draksharishta is prepared by decocting crude drugs in water, adding jaggery, and initiating fermentation using natural agents like Dhataki flowers, resulting in a self-generated alcoholic preparation which enhances its therapeutic properties.
What are the physicochemical properties of Draksharishta?
Draksharishta exhibits various properties: a pH of 4.2, specific gravity of 1.09, alcohol content of 7.74% w/w, and a total solid content of 32% w/w, indicating its quality for use.
What methods are used to evaluate Draksharishta's quality?
Quality evaluation includes checking organoleptic characteristics, total solid content, pH, viscosity, refractive index, specific gravity, and alcohol content. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is also employed for identifying phytoconstituents.
How does fermentation affect the properties of Draksharishta?
Fermentation generates alcohol, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of Draksharishta. It also improves palatability and shelf life, making it a preferred choice among patients for treating various health issues.
What is the significance of Dhataki flowers in Draksharishta preparation?
Dhataki flowers, rich in tannins, serve as natural fermentation initiators in Draksharishta preparation. Their presence creates an optimal environment for fermentation, enhancing the final product's therapeutic value.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Quality control for fermented polyherbal formulation “draksharishta””. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Water:
Water is a critical ingredient in the preparation of Ayurvedic formulations like Draksharishta, serving as a solvent for extracting bioactive compounds from herbs. It influences the solubility and availability of these compounds, which are essential for the therapeutic efficacy of the final product. Water quality also plays a role in product consistency and safety.
2) Arishta (Arista):
Arista signifies a type of Ayurvedic formulation characterized by its fermented nature. These preparations, like Draksharishta, leverage natural fermentation processes to enhance therapeutic properties. Understanding Aristas is essential for practitioners to utilize their full potential in treating various health conditions holistically.
3) Table:
In scientific literature, tables organize and present data clearly for analysis. In this study, tables categorize information such as formulation composition and physicochemical properties of Draksharishta. They facilitate quick comparison and understanding of results while highlighting essential parameters necessary for standardization and quality assessment in Ayurvedic formulations.
4) Drug:
A drug in the context of Ayurveda refers to medicinal substances derived from plants, minerals, or animal sources, used for therapeutic purposes. Draksharishta exemplifies a polyherbal formulation that acts as a rejuvenator and blood purifier. Understanding drug composition and effects is vital for effective treatment and safety in medicinal practices.
5) Quality:
Quality is fundamental in the context of Ayurvedic formulations like Draksharishta, encompassing aspects such as purity, potency, and safety. Ensuring high-quality standards through physicochemical evaluations and organoleptic characteristics enhances therapeutic outcomes. Quality control prevents potential health risks associated with contaminated or ineffective herbal preparations and supports efficacy.
6) Kalpana:
Kalpana refers to formulations or preparation processes in Ayurveda, denoting traditional methods of creating medicinal products. Sandhana kalpana, for instance, emphasizes the method of fermentation used in creating Arishta. This concept encompasses the art and science of preparing effective herbal medicines tailored to specific therapeutic needs.
7) Science (Scientific):
The scientific aspect of Ayurvedic studies involves rigorous methodology to validate the effectiveness and safety of formulations like Draksharishta. Through quantitative assessments and qualitative analyses, the integration of scientific principles enhances the credibility of traditional practices, paving the way for evidence-based acceptance in modern medicine.
8) India:
India is the birthplace of Ayurveda, a holistic healing system enriched with thousands of years of knowledge about herbal medicine. The study of Draksharishta emphasizes traditional Indian practices while adhering to contemporary scientific evaluation, showcasing India's cultural heritage and contributions to global healthcare through its unique medicinal formulations.
9) Vitis vinifera:
Vitis vinifera, commonly known as grape, is a key ingredient in Draksharishta, providing various health benefits due to its rich nutrient profile, including phenolic compounds. These compounds are implicated in therapeutic effects like anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, thereby enhancing the formulation's efficacy as a rejuvenating tonic.
10) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a holistic healthcare system from India that emphasizes balance in body, mind, and spirit. It utilizes natural substances like herbs for healing and preventive care. The study of Draksharishta reflects Ayurvedic principles, merging traditional practices with scientific evaluation to ensure efficacy and safety in treatments.
11) Dhataki:
Dhataki, or Woodfordia fruticosa, is a crucial ingredient used in the fermentation of Arishta preparations, acting as a natural fermentation initiator. Its presence enriches the formulation and helps optimize the fermentation process, contributing to the development and uniqueness of Ayurvedic medicines like Draksharishta.
12) Study (Studying):
The study refers to the systematic investigation conducted to evaluate the preparation and quality of Draksharishta. It employs scientific methodologies to assess physicochemical properties and establish standardization protocols for this Ayurvedic formulation, aiming to enhance its therapeutic efficacy and safety for health practitioners and patients alike.
13) Viti:
Viti, derived from Vitis vinifera, signifies the grape family, emphasizing the importance of grape-derived products in Ayurvedic formulations. Grape’s rich bioactive compounds not only serve therapeutic roles but also contribute to the organoleptic properties of formulations like Draksharishta, enhancing overall patient acceptance and health benefits.
14) Ashva (Asva):
Asva refers to a class of Ayurvedic liquid formulations, similar to Arishta, known for their fermented nature. These preparations carry significant therapeutic value, inspiring healthcare practices that seek to provide natural remedies with enhanced efficiency and pleasant taste profiles, affirming the relevance of traditional knowledge in modern medicine.
15) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasasastra):
Rasa-shastra is a branch of Ayurveda focused on the processing of herbs and minerals for therapeutic use. It emphasizes the transformation and combination of substances to enhance health benefits. The integration of Rasa-shastra principles in formulating Draksharishta underscores its importance in achieving potent medicinal effects.
16) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
Bhaishajya refers to the medicinal aspect of Ayurveda, encompassing the preparation and use of medicinal formulations. This term highlights the importance of understanding drug actions and interactions to ensure effective and safe treatments. In the context of Draksharishta, it relates to the efficient use of herbal components.
17) Shastra (Sastra):
Shastra represents the sacred texts or knowledge systems in various Indian philosophies, including Ayurveda. It encodes the traditional wisdom and practices regarding health, medicine, and therapy. This foundational knowledge underpins the preparation, evaluation, and utilization of formulations like Draksharishta within Ayurvedic practices, influencing clinical applications.
18) Draksha (Draksa):
Draksha, or dried grapes, is the primary ingredient in Draksharishta and serves as a source of numerous bioactive compounds beneficial for health. Its therapeutic properties include immunity enhancement and rejuvenation. The inclusion of Draksha emphasizes the formulation's natural efficacy in treating diverse ailments through Ayurvedic practices.
19) Asava (Ashava):
Asava represents another traditional Ayurvedic liquid formulation emphasizing fermentation, similar to Arishta. These preparations are rich in bioactive compounds and are known for their therapeutic potential. The understanding of Asava formulations, like Draksharishta, reflects the sophistication of Ayurvedic practices in combining herbal ingredients for health benefits.
20) Blood:
Blood plays a vital role in health and disease management, often linked to various ailments in Ayurveda. Draksharishta functions as a blood purifier and is indicated for conditions affecting blood quality. Understanding its impact on blood health underscores the significance of herbal formulations in holistic healing practices.
21) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa refers to the essence or taste derived from herbs, which is crucial in Ayurveda for diagnosing and formulating treatments. It guides practitioners in selecting appropriate formulations like Draksharishta, ensuring that they not only offer therapeutic benefits but also consider palatability and patient compliance in treatment plans.
22) Dish (Dis):
In a pharmaceutical context, 'dish' may refer to laboratory equipment used during formulation preparation, such as china dishes for conducting physicochemical evaluations. It highlights the methodological aspects of drug preparation. Accurate measurement and controlled conditions are essential for ensuring the quality and consistency of Ayurvedic medicines.
23) Life:
Life, from an Ayurvedic perspective, encompasses holistic health and well-being, essential for longevity and vitality. Formulations like Draksharishta aim to enhance life quality through natural remedies. Ayurvedic practices focus on maintaining balance and harmony, promoting health, and addressing both physical and mental aspects of life for better living.
24) Cinnamomum zeylanicum:
Cinnamomum zeylanicum, known as cinnamon, is included in Ayurvedic formulations for its aromatic properties and health benefits. It is known to assist digestion and enhance metabolic functions. Its use in Draksharishta showcases the incorporation of spices that support therapeutic objectives while enriching the formulation's flavor and effectiveness.
25) Cinnamomum tamala:
Cinnamomum tamala, also known as Indian bay laurel, is utilized in traditional formulations for its medicinal properties. It contributes to the overall therapeutic effects of Draksharishta by enhancing digestion and providing warming qualities, illustrating the integration of diverse herbs in developing well-rounded Ayurvedic remedies for various ailments.
26) Madhuca indica:
Madhuca indica, or Mahua, plays a role in traditional formulations due to its sugar and fermentation capabilities. It serves as a natural sweetening agent while contributing to the fermentation process in Arishta preparations. Its inclusion in Draksharishta underlines the importance of natural ingredients in enhancing both taste and health benefits.
27) Mesua ferrea:
Mesua ferrea, known as Nagkesara, contains valuable medicinal properties used in various Ayurvedic formulations. Its addition to Draksharishta enhances the formulation's therapeutic potential, supporting respiratory health and overall wellness. The careful selection of such ingredients is paramount in Ayurveda to maximize efficacy and target specific health issues.
28) Piper longum:
Piper longum, or long pepper, is a significant herb in Ayurveda known for its role in enhancing bioavailability and digestion. Its inclusion in Draksharishta amplifies the medicinal properties of the formulation, illustrating Ayurveda's focus on synergistic herb combinations that promote holistic healing and support various physiological functions.
29) Embelia ribes:
Embelia ribes, or Vidanga, is valued in Ayurveda for its detoxifying properties and support for digestive health. In Draksharishta, it complements other ingredients by helping to purify the body and improve nutritional absorption, showcasing Ayurveda's comprehensive approach to using herbs for maintaining balance and health.
30) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the analysis and interpretation of data collected during the study of Draksharishta. By examining results, researchers can draw conclusions about the formulation's efficacy, safety, and quality parameters. This critical aspect informs future research directions and helps validate traditional knowledge against scientific scrutiny.
31) Sandhana (Samdhana):
Sandhana refers to the art of fermentation in preparing Ayurvedic formulations. It denotes careful monitoring of the fermentation process, ensuring optimal conditions for the development of beneficial compounds. The concept emphasizes traditional knowledge and skill in formulating medicines that maximize therapeutic potential while maintaining safety.
32) Priyangu (Priyamgu):
Priyangu, or Callicarpa macrophylla, is included in Draksharishta for its aromatic properties and medicinal benefits. Its addition reflects Ayurveda's emphasis on using a variety of herbs that not only serve specific therapeutic roles but also enhance the sensory qualities of the formulations, increasing patient acceptance and effectiveness.
33) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness, with Ayurveda representing a holistic approach to healthcare. Formulations like Draksharishta are crafted not just for treatment, but for maintaining health and preventing disease, highlighting the integral role of traditional systems in comprehensive medical practice.
34) Relative:
Relative measurements, such as specific gravity and alcohol content in herbal formulations, are crucial for quality control and standardization in Ayurveda. These relative values help ensure consistency and efficacy in preparations like Draksharishta, enabling practitioners to deliver safe and effective health solutions based on established parameters.
35) Vidanga (Vidamga):
Vidanga, or Embelia ribes, is integral in Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia for its health benefits. In formulations like Draksharishta, it contributes to the overall efficacy while promoting digestive health and detoxification. Its role emphasizes the importance of diverse medicinal ingredients in creating balanced herbal formulations for holistic health.
36) Pippali (Pippalin):
Pippali, or Piper longum, is a powerful herb in Ayurveda known for enhancing metabolic processes and digestion. Its inclusion in Draksharishta demonstrates the importance of synergistic herb combinations that not only boost therapeutic efficacy but also promote overall health by facilitating better absorption of nutrients.
37) Heating:
Heating in Ayurvedic preparations serves specific purposes such as extracting bioactive compounds or activating medicinal properties of herbs. In the context of Draksharishta, controlled heating during the preparation enhances the solubility of the active ingredients, ensuring optimal therapeutic effectiveness and consistency in the final product.
38) Disease:
Disease management in Ayurveda targets not just symptoms but the root causes of health issues through holistic means. Formulations like Draksharishta are aimed at addressing various diseases, particularly blood-related conditions, reinforcing Ayurveda's philosophy of treating the whole person rather than isolated symptoms.
39) Jaggery:
Jaggery, or Guda, is an integral sweetening agent in Ayurvedic preparations like Draksharishta. It not only enhances flavor but is also associated with various health benefits, including aiding digestion and providing essential minerals. Its natural origin aligns with Ayurveda’s preference for using wholesome ingredients for therapeutic purposes.
40) Purana:
Purana refers to ancient texts that encapsulate oral traditions, mythology, and wisdom. In Ayurvedic practices, the concept of 'Purana Sayat' suggests that older formulations may improve in efficacy over time. This reflects Ayurveda's heritage and belief in the cumulative wisdom gathered through generations of medicinal practices.
41) Tamala:
Tamala refers to the leaf of Cinnamomum tamala, which is used for its aromatic and medicinal properties. Its inclusion in formulations like Draksharishta underscores the significance of multi-faceted herbs that contribute not only to flavor but also to therapeutic synergy, enhancing the overall health benefits of the product.
42) Powder:
Powder refers to the form in which crude herbs are processed to extract medicinal properties. In the context of Ayurvedic preparations, the transition from whole herbs to powders facilitates the extraction of active ingredients, enabling better formulation. This is crucial for achieving desired therapeutic effects in products like Draksharishta.
43) Pushpa (Puspa):
Puspa refers to the flower parts of plants, often included in Ayurvedic formulations for their unique properties. In Draksharishta, ingredients like Dhataki puspa play a significant role in fermentation and contribute valuable phytochemicals. This highlights the importance of diverse plant parts in achieving comprehensive medicinal benefits.
44) Sugar:
Sugar refers to natural sweeteners like jaggery, used in Ayurvedic formulations to improve taste and enhance palatability. In concoctions like Draksharishta, sugars also play functional roles by contributing to the fermentation process and providing energy-boosting properties, reinforcing the formulation's therapeutic aim.
45) Cina:
China refers to materials or ingredients sourced from specific regions, often denoting herbal specialties. In the context of Ayurvedic practice, it may imply the sourcing of certain herbs or formulations from traditional Chinese medicine, reflecting a broader dialogue and integration of ancient medicinal systems across cultures.
46) Guda:
Guda is the Ayurvedic term for jaggery, a traditional sweetener used in various herbal formulations. It not only sweetens the medicine but also enhances its nutritional profile. In formulations like Draksharishta, Guda supports the fermentation process while contributing to the overall therapeutic benefits and palatability.
47) Arya:
Arya could signify knowledge and expertise within Ayurvedic practices, particularly those involving the preparation and application of herbal formulations. In the study of Draksharishta, the contributions of learned practitioners are indispensable for ensuring that formulations leverage both traditional wisdom and modern scientific inquiry for effective health solutions.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Quality control for fermented polyherbal formulation “draksharishta”’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Vitis vinifera, Jaggery, Therapeutic value, Shelf life, Organoleptic characteristics, Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Science, Standard Operative Procedure, Physicochemical properties, Alcohol content, TLC fingerprint, Quality control parameter, Phytoconstituent.
Concepts being referred in other categories, contexts and sources.