Azo complexes with paracetamol: preparation, characterization, activity.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity of new azo complexes containing paracetamol moiety
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Rawaa H., Yaqoob, T. A. Fahad
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity of new azo complexes containing paracetamol moiety
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study presented in the World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity of new azo complexes containing a paracetamol moiety. Researchers prepared azo dyes by coupling 4-acetamidophenol with various sulfa drugs, including sulfadiazine and sulfaguinidine. These complexes were characterized through a range of analytical techniques such as F.T.IR-spectroscopy, NMR, mass spectrometry, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The research also assessed the biological activity of the synthesized compounds against several bacterial strains.
Synthesis and Characterization of Azo Complexes
An important aspect of this research is the synthesis and characterization of newly formed azo ligands and their metal complexes with nickel(II), copper(II), and cobalt(II). The preparation involves several steps, including diazotization and subsequent coupling reactions. Characterization techniques confirm the formation of these compounds, providing information about their structure and stability. The incorporation of metal ions into the azo ligands alters their properties, and the characterization studies reveal the presence of distinguishing spectral features which are vital for understanding their interactions.
Antibacterial Activity of Azo Complexes
The ligand and metal complexes' antibacterial performance was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, specifically focusing on strains such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results demonstrate varying degrees of inhibition zones, indicating that the metal complexes generally exhibit enhanced antibacterial properties. This improvement in bioactivity can be attributed to the chelation of metal ions, which affects the lipophilicity of the complexes and enables better interaction with bacterial membranes, thereby leading to increased permeability and microbial inhibition.
Magnetic Properties and Ionization Constants
The magnetic properties of the synthesized complexes were measured, revealing distinct values for the nickel, copper, and cobalt complexes, indicating different geometrical structures. The study also included the determination of proton-ligand ionization constants through potentiometric techniques, which provided insights into the acid-base characteristics of the ligands. Understanding the ionization behavior is crucial as it governs the solubility and stability of the complexes in biological contexts.
Conclusion
In summary, the study concludes that new azo ligands derived from sulfa drugs demonstrate promising antibacterial activity, particularly in their metal-chelated forms. Through comprehensive characterization and biological testing, the research highlights the significance of metal coordination in enhancing the medicinal properties of azo dyes. The findings suggest future implications for the development of effective antibacterial agents based on azo complexes, emphasizing the need for further exploration in this field to harness their therapeutic potential comprehensively.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are the main objectives of this study on azo complexes?
The study focuses on the preparation, characterization, and evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of new azo complexes containing paracetamol and some sulfa drugs, specifically Ni(II), Cu(II), and Co(II) complexes.
Which techniques were used for characterizing the azo compounds?
Characterization involved F.T.IR-spectroscopy, 1H and 13C-NMR, mass spectrometry, micro-elemental analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, as well as magnetic and conductance measurements.
What biological activities were screened in the study?
The biological activity of the synthesized ligands and their metal complexes was assessed against various bacteria, including K. pneumoniae, Proteus spp., and P. aeruginosa.
What was observed about the stability of the prepared compounds?
The synthesized compounds exhibited good yields and were found to be stable in air and light.
How were the ionization constants of the ligands determined?
The ionization constants were determined potentiometrically using the Irving-Rossotti method at a constant temperature of 25 °C.
What results were found regarding the antibacterial activity?
The study's results showed that the ligands and their metal complexes had varying zones of inhibition against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, indicating potential antibacterial properties.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Azo complexes with paracetamol: preparation, characterization, activity.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
In research articles, a 'Table' presents organized data and findings in a structured format for clarity and quick comprehension. It allows readers to efficiently summarize and compare results, making it easier to identify trends and relationships. In this context, tables likely summarize analytical data, physical properties, or activity results of compounds studied.
2) Activity:
'Activity' refers to the effects or responses of a compound, particularly its biological or chemical interactions. In the context of this study, it pertains to the antibacterial activity of newly synthesized azo complexes, assessing how effectively they inhibit bacterial growth, which is crucial for determining their potential therapeutic applications.
3) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
'Antibacterial' describes substances that combat bacterial infections. In this study, the term relates to azo compounds specifically engineered and tested for their ability to inhibit a variety of bacteria. This characteristic is essential in pharmaceutical research, as it indicates the potential for these compounds to serve as effective antimicrobial agents.
4) Water:
'Water' is a universal solvent and essential for biochemical reactions. In the preparation of azo complexes, water functions as a solvent for synthesizing reactants and purifying products. Its role is crucial for maintaining the desired concentration during reactions, influencing solubility, and determining physical properties of the resulting compounds.
5) Drug:
'Drug' refers to any substance used to diagnose, cure, prevent, or treat diseases. In this study, the focus is on the newly synthesized azo compounds, which may have therapeutic applications due to their antibacterial properties. Understanding drug development processes can help in creating effective treatment options for bacterial infections.
6) Education:
'Education' encompasses the systematic process of learning and acquiring knowledge. In the context of the study, education is related to the dissemination of research findings that advance scientific knowledge in the fields of chemistry and pharmacology. Educating future scientists impacts how new compounds are developed and understood in the pharmaceutical domain.
7) Science (Scientific):
'Science' refers to the systematic study of the natural and physical world through observation and experimentation. This study falls under the realms of medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, utilizing scientific principles to explore the synthesis and efficacy of antibacterial compounds. Science provides the foundation for innovations in drug development.
8) Discussion:
'Discussion' is a section of research articles where findings are interpreted, contextualized, and implications are elaborated. In this study, it likely includes the analysis of the results regarding the antibacterial activity of azo complexes, comparing them to existing literature, and suggesting potential applications or further research directions based on the findings.
9) Colouring (Coloring):
'Coloring' pertains to the use of dyes for adding colors to various materials. Azo dyes, discussed in the paper, are utilized in textiles and other industries. The study explores the duality of azo compounds, investigating both their coloring properties and their potential as antibacterial agents, highlighting their versatility.
10) Quality:
'Quality' refers to the degree of excellence or superiority of a product or substance. In the context of drug development, quality is critical, as it ensures that a compound is effective, safe, and consistent. The study's focus on characterizing chemically synthesized compounds relates directly to assessing their quality as potential therapeutic agents.
11) Aureus:
'Aureus' refers to Staphylococcus aureus, a common bacterial pathogen. In this research, the antibacterial effectiveness of synthesized compounds is evaluated against this and other bacteria. Understanding how different compounds perform against these pathogens aids in identifying suitable antibiotic alternatives and contributes to improving treatment strategies in clinical settings.
12) Medium:
'Medium' often refers to the environment in which reactions occur or cultures grow, such as broth or agar used in microbiological tests. In this study, it is likely mentioned in reference to testing the antibacterial potency of compounds, where the medium supports bacteria growth to measure effectiveness accurately.
13) Field:
'Field' indicates a specific area of study or profession. In the context of this research, the field relates to pharmaceutical chemistry and microbiology. Understanding developments within these fields is crucial for advancing healthcare solutions and creating new antibacterial therapies that effectively combat drug-resistant infections.
14) Study (Studying):
'Study' refers to a systematic investigation aimed at discovering or establishing facts. The research detailed involves the preparation, characterization, and evaluation of azo complexes for their antibacterial properties. The study contributes valuable insights to the scientific community, facilitating the development of novel therapeutic agents and understanding their mechanisms of action.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Azo complexes with paracetamol: preparation, characterization, activity.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Antibacterial activity, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Melting point.