Synthesis and study of 3D metal complexes with 2,3-DHP and amino acids.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Syntheses characterization and biological activity of mixed ligand based metal complexes of 3d series with 2,3-dihydroxypyridine(dhp) and amino acids glycine(gly), alanine(ala), valine(val) and leucine(leu)
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Upendra Dhusiya, Seema Gautam, Sulekh Chandra and Swati Agrawal
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Syntheses characterization and biological activity of mixed ligand based metal complexes of 3d series with 2,3-dihydroxypyridine(dhp) and amino acids glycine(gly), alanine(ala), valine(val) and leucine(leu)
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
In recent years, transition metal complexes with mixed ligands have garnered significant attention in the field of chemistry due to their diverse molecular structures and potential biological activities. This research focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of mixed ligand metal complexes formed from 2,3-dihydroxypyridine (DHP) and amino acids glycine, alanine, valine, and leucine with metals from the 3D series, including Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), and Cu(II). The study employs various analytical techniques to establish the chemical and structural properties of these complexes.
Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Complexes
The study successfully synthesized mixed ligand metal complexes by reacting metal salts, DHP, and amino acids in appropriate stoichiometric ratios. The complexes were subjected to various characterization methods, including elemental analysis, magnetic moment assessment, electronic, IR, and EPR spectral studies. The findings revealed that Mn(II), Fe(II), and Co(II) complexes exhibited octahedral geometry, while Cu(II) complexes displayed tetrahedral geometry. The characterization indicated significant structural changes upon complex formation such as shifts in specific IR bands, confirming the coordination of the ligands to the metal ions.
Biological Activity Evaluation
The biological activities of the synthesized metal complexes were assessed against various pathogens, specifically through antibacterial and antifungal screening methods. The results indicated promising antibacterial properties, particularly for the [Cu(L)L1] and [Cu(L)L4] complexes, although they showed lower efficacy compared to the standard antibiotic Streptomycin. In antifungal testing against species like A. niger and A. glaucus, most complexes demonstrated comparable activity, with the NH4[Co(L)2L3] complex showing notably higher antifungal effectiveness than the other complexes tested.
Spectroscopic Analysis
The spectroscopic analysis provided insight into the coordination environment of the metal complexes. IR spectra revealed the disappearance of the hydroxyl band from DHP, indicating deprotonation and consequent metal-oxygen bond formation. Additionally, electronic spectra supported the proposed geometries for the complexes, showing transitions characteristic of octahedral coordination for Mn(II), Fe(II), and Co(II), and tetrahedral coordination for Cu(II). EPR spectra confirmed the presence of unpaired electrons in Mn(II) complexes, indicating their octahedral nature, while Cu(II) complexes displayed typical EPR features of tetrahedral complexes.
Conclusion
The research elucidates the significance of mixed ligand metal complexes formed from DHP and amino acids in terms of their synthesis, structural properties, and biological activities. The findings suggest that these complexes vary significantly in their coordination chemistry and possess noteworthy antibacterial and antifungal properties, particularly highlighting the efficacy of the [Cu(L)L1] and NH4[Co(L)2L3] complexes. Overall, the study contributes valuable knowledge to the field of coordination chemistry and its potential applications in developing effective antimicrobial agents.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the purpose of this research study?
This study focuses on synthesizing, characterizing, and examining the biological activity of mixed ligand metal complexes formed from 2,3-dihydroxypyridine and specific amino acids.
What metals were used in synthesizing the complexes?
The study synthesized mixed ligand metal complexes using Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), and Cu(II) as the metal components, combined with specific ligands.
What methods were employed for characterizing the metal complexes?
Characterization methods included elemental analysis, magnetic moment evaluation, electronic, IR, and EPR spectral studies to determine the structure and properties of the complexes.
How was the biological activity of the complexes tested?
The biological activity was evaluated through disc diffusion for antibacterial testing and food poisoning methods for antifungal activities against specific bacterial and fungal strains.
What were the findings regarding the complexes' biological activities?
The complexes exhibited varying degrees of antibacterial and antifungal activities, with some showing notable inhibition against standard drugs like Streptomycin and Amphotericin.
What geometries were proposed for the synthesized metal complexes?
The study proposed octahedral geometries for Mn(II), Fe(II), and Co(II) complexes, while Cu(II) complexes were assigned tetrahedral geometries based on characterization data.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Synthesis and study of 3D metal complexes with 2,3-DHP and amino acids.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
A table is a structured arrangement of data often used in scientific research to present results clearly and concisely. In this study, various tables summarize the physical characteristics, elemental analysis, IR spectra, EPR spectral data, and ligand field parameters of the synthesized metal complexes, aiding in the interpretation of the experimental outcomes.
2) Chandra:
Sulekh Chandra is a co-author of the study, playing a significant role in the research process. His expertise in chemistry contributes to the synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand metal complexes. Acknowledgment of authorship highlights the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry, emphasizing contributions to advancing knowledge in metal complexes and their biological activities.
3) Delhi:
Delhi, the capital city of India, serves as a central hub for education and research. The research described in the paper was conducted at institutions located in Delhi. Its role as an academic center enables collaboration among diverse fields and promotes advancements in scientific research, particularly in chemistry and pharmaceuticals.
4) Activity:
Activity refers to the potential of the synthesized metal complexes to exhibit biological effects. The paper discusses their antibacterial and antifungal activities, crucial for assessing their therapeutic applications. Such evaluations help determine the effectiveness and safety of these complexes as potential drug candidates in combating infections.
5) Field:
Field can refer to the scientific discipline or area of study, in this case, chemistry and biology. The research explores the ligand field theory and its application to metal complexes. Understanding the ligand field is essential for interpreting electronic and magnetic properties, which influence the biological efficacy of the synthesized complexes.
6) Salt (Salty):
In the context of the research, 'salt' refers to the metallic salts used to synthesize metal complexes. The specific salts (Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Cu(II)) act as sources of metal ions that form coordination compounds with ligands. The interaction between the salts and ligands is fundamental to creating new chemical compounds with desired properties.
7) New Delhi:
New Delhi refers to the specific region of Delhi where the research institutions, such as Zakir Husain Delhi College, are located. The geographical context is important as it influences the collaboration and resource availability for conducting research. This city is pivotal for educational advancements and scientific exploration in India.
8) India:
India is the country where the research is conducted. The scientific community in India is rapidly growing, contributing significantly to global research output. The use of local resources and expertise showcases how Indian institutions are developing new compounds and understanding their biological significance, thus impacting international scientific discussions.
9) Study (Studying):
A study refers to the systematic investigation and research undertaken to explore the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of mixed ligand metal complexes. The study contributes valuable findings to the field of coordination chemistry and its applications, particularly in pharmaceuticals, addressing both academic curiosity and practical health solutions.
10) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotic refers to substances that kill or inhibit bacterial growth. In the study, the biological activity of synthesized complexes is compared to standard antibiotics like Streptomycin. This comparison sheds light on the potential of new compounds in developing effective therapies against bacterial infections, informing future drug development strategies.
11) Drug:
A drug is a substance used for medical treatment. The study investigates the potential of synthesized metal complexes as drug candidates due to their biological activities. Evaluating their efficacy and safety promotes drug discovery efforts, essential for providing effective therapies for various diseases, including infections caused by resistant bacteria.
12) Education:
Education refers to the formal process of acquiring knowledge and skills. The institutions involved in this research play a crucial role in educating students in chemistry and related fields. Effective education fosters innovation and research capabilities, ultimately enhancing scientific contributions to society and addressing real-world health challenges.
13) Water:
Water is the solvent used for the synthesis of metal complexes, allowing for the formation of coordination compounds. In chemical research, water is often utilized due to its excellent solvent properties, influencing the reaction environment and impacting the yield and purity of the synthesized complexes.
14) Food:
Food, in this context, refers to the food poisoning method used for assessing antifungal activity. This method evaluates how effectively given compounds can inhibit fungal growth in food products. Understanding antifungal properties is important for food safety and extending the shelf life of agricultural products and food items.
15) Measurement:
Measurement in scientific research involves quantifying properties or phenomena. Accurate measurements of elemental composition, spectral properties, and biological activity are crucial for validating the results of this study. Measurement techniques ensure the reliability and reproducibility of findings, essential for scientific credibility and progress in understanding metal complexes.
16) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section of a research paper where results are analyzed and interpreted. In this study, the discussion highlights the implications of the experimental findings, including the significance of the metal complexes' biological activity and their potential applications in medicine, facilitating a deeper understanding of coordination chemistry.
17) Species:
Species in biological research denotes the specific organisms under study. In this paper, it refers to the bacterial and fungal species tested for their susceptibility to the synthesized complexes. Understanding the interaction between these complexes and various species contributes to the broader field of microbiology and pharmacology.
18) Nature:
Nature refers to the inherent qualities or characteristics of the synthesized metal complexes. The study delves into their chemical and biological nature, describing how the ligands affect the properties of the metal centers. Understanding the relationship between structure and function is vital for rational design in coordination and medicinal chemistry.
19) Powder:
Powder often describes the physical state of the synthesized complexes, characterized by their solid, crystalline nature. In this research, powdered forms of the complexes are likely used for various analyses, such as EPR and IR spectroscopy, facilitating the evaluation of their structural and electronic properties in solid-state conditions.
20) Road:
Road here may metaphorically refer to the pathway or direction of future research and exploration based on the findings from this study. It emphasizes the importance of ongoing investigative efforts in chemistry, particularly in synthesizing new compounds with potential therapeutic benefits, ultimately advancing scientific knowledge and healthcare solutions.