Antispermatogenic effects of metal complexes in male rats
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Antispermatogenic activity of later transition metal complexes of benzothiazolines derived from substituted coumarins in male rats
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Puja Kapoor, S. C. Joshi, R. V. Singh and Nighat Fahmi
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Antispermatogenic activity of later transition metal complexes of benzothiazolines derived from substituted coumarins in male rats
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
1) Introduction
The increasing population of India poses a significant challenge, necessitating the exploration of new compounds for antispermatogenic activity as potential antifertility agents. This study focuses on the synthesis and examination of sulfur donor ligands derived from coumarins and their lanthanide metal complexes, specifically 3-acetylcoumarin benzothiazoline and 3-formyl-4-chlorocoumarin benzothiazoline. The research aims to understand the effects of these compounds on male reproductive organs, highlighting their potential role in addressing fertility concerns due to rising population rates.
2) Antifertility Activity of Ligands and Metal Complexes
The study evaluated the antifertility activities of the ligands and their lanthanide metal complexes in male rats, administering a dose of 30 mg/kg for 60 days. Results indicated a significant decline in the weight of reproductive organs, sperm motility, and sperm density compared to control groups. Notably, fertility tests demonstrated negative results in treated groups, indicating that both ligands and their metal complexes adversely affected reproductive functions. This reinforces the compounds' effectiveness in inducing antifertility effects through direct action on male reproductive systems.
3) Biochemical Changes Induced by Treatment
The biochemical analysis showcased significant alterations in testicular composition following treatment. A decline in glycogen, protein, and sialic acid levels was observed, while cholesterol levels increased in the testes. These changes suggest impaired metabolic and hormonal regulation, affecting testicular function. Additionally, serum testosterone levels were notably reduced, indicating disrupted steroidogenesis. Such biochemical shifts contribute to diminished fertility, reinforcing the ligands' and complexes' efficacy in inducing antifertility.
4) Spectroscopic Characterization and Coordination Chemistry
The synthesized ligands and metal complexes underwent rigorous characterization using various spectroscopic techniques, including IR, NMR, and EPR spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data confirmed the binding of ligands to metal atoms in a monobasic bidentate manner, indicating octahedral coordination geometry for the lanthanide complexes. The absence of specific vibrational bands in the spectra further validated the chelation process, underscoring the chemical interactions that enhance the biological activity of these compounds.
5) Conclusion
This study successfully demonstrated the synthesis, characterization, and biological assessment of benzothiazoline ligands and their lanthanide (III) complexes. The findings suggest that these complexes exhibit significant antifertility effects, potentially serving as a foundation for developing male contraceptive agents. The enhanced activity of the metal complexes compared to their parent ligands points toward promising applications in fertility regulation. Overall, the research highlights the importance of exploring metal complexes in reproductive health and their potential roles in managing population growth challenges.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the aim of the study on benzothiazoline metal complexes?
The study aimed to synthesize and evaluate the antifertility activity of later transition metal complexes derived from benzothiazoline ligands, specifically assessing their effects on the reproductive functions of male albino rats.
How were the metal complexes synthesized in the research?
The metal complexes were synthesized by reacting lanthanide chlorides with sodium salts of the ligands in a 1:3 molar ratio, followed by removal of formed sodium chloride and drying under reduced pressure.
What significant effects did the treatment have on male rats?
Treatment resulted in significant declines in reproductive organ weight, sperm motility, sperm density, and alterations in biochemical markers such as protein, glycogen, and cholesterol levels in the testes.
What was observed in terms of sperm dynamics after treatment?
Sperm motility and density decreased significantly in treated rats, leading to negative fertility outcomes and reduced levels of testosterone, suggesting impaired reproductive function.
What biochemical changes were noted in treated male rats?
Treated rats showed increased cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase levels and decreased glycogen and sialic acid, indicating a disruption in normal testicular function and metabolism.
What conclusions were drawn about the ligands and complexes' antifertility effects?
The study concluded that both ligands and their lanthanide complexes exhibited significant antifertility effects, suggesting potential for developing male contraceptive drugs due to their antispermatogenic properties.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Antispermatogenic effects of metal complexes in male rats”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Male:
In the context of this study, 'male' refers specifically to male albino rats used for investigating the antifertility effects of synthesized ligands and their metal complexes. Understanding the male reproductive system is critical for assessing fertility disturbances and the potential development of male contraceptive methods.
2) Activity:
'Activity' in the study pertains to the biological effects of the ligands and their complexes, particularly their antifertility impact. This highlights how chemical agents can modulate physiological functions, establishing relationships between chemical structures and observed biological outcomes in treated animals.
3) Animal:
The use of 'animal' specifically denotes the male albino rats as the experimental subjects in this pharmacological study. Utilizing animal models is essential for empirical validation of experimental drugs or treatments before progressing to human clinical trials, ensuring biological safety and efficacy.
4) Table:
'Table' refers to the organized data presentation within the study that summarizes results, making it easier to compare effects among different treatment groups. Tables play a pivotal role in scientific research by clearly displaying quantitative data that support arguments and conclusions drawn from the experiment.
5) Salt (Salty):
'Salt' in this context typically refers to the metal salts utilized for synthesizing ligands and their complexes. The reaction of ligands with metal salts is central to forming new compounds that are evaluated for their biological activities, including antifertility effects in male rats.
6) Study (Studying):
'Study' refers to the systematic investigation detailed within the text aimed at understanding the antifertility effects of synthesized compounds. The study design, methodologies, results, and conclusions contribute to the broader scientific knowledge base regarding reproductive health and potential contraceptive solutions.
7) Rajasthan:
'Rajasthan' is the geographical location of the University of Rajasthan, where this research was conducted. This adds a contextual background to the study, highlighting regional contributions to pharmaceutical research and the importance of local universities in advancing scientific inquiry.
8) Jaipur:
'Jaipur' is the capital of Rajasthan and signifies the specific institution where the study was conducted. Recognizing the locality helps in understanding the academic and research environment which influences the quality of research output and the collaboration available in the area.
9) Line:
'Line' may refer to a line of inquiry or a particular methodology followed during the study. It plays a role in delineating various approaches taken to explore the antifertility properties, signifying the continuity and rigor of scientific investigation.
10) Discussion:
'Discussion' is a critical section of the study where the findings are interpreted. It allows researchers to analyze the implications of their results, compare them with existing literature, and explore potential future research avenues, which is vital for scientific advancement.
11) Nature:
'Nature' refers to the inherent characteristics of the ligands and complexes studied and how these influence biological activity. Understanding the nature of substances helps in rationalizing their behavior in biological systems, particularly in their interactions with animal physiology.
12) India:
'India' signifies the broader context of this research, particularly regarding its population growth and the need for contraceptive solutions. This highlights the socio-cultural dimensions influencing the importance of fertility research and its implications for public health policy.
13) Water:
'Water' in this study represents an essential element in the housing and maintenance of the experimental animals, ensuring their health and wellbeing. Access to clean water is critical in animal studies, as it influences biological conditions impacting the experiment's outcomes.
14) Field:
'Field' refers to the area of research, which in this case is pharmacology and reproductive health. It emphasizes the interdisciplinary approach of understanding how synthesized drugs affect biological systems, contributing to advancements in pharmaceutical applications and treatments.
15) Pharmacology:
'Pharmacology' is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with drug action. It provides the foundational knowledge for understanding the effects of ligands and their complexes on male reproductive health, forming the basis for developing potential antifertility medications.
16) Measurement:
'Measurement' in this context pertains to the quantitative assessment of various biological parameters during the study. Accurate measurements are essential for validating findings, ensuring that the results are credible and can be reproducibly observed in future studies.
17) Splitting:
'Splitting' likely refers to a phenomenon observed in spectroscopic studies, such as EPR or other methods used to analyze the properties of metal complexes. Understanding splitting patterns can provide insights into the electronic environment of metal ions within the complexes.
18) Quality:
'Quality' addresses the importance of high standards in research, particularly in the synthesis and evaluation of ligands and metal complexes. Ensuring the quality of chemical substances directly impacts the reliability of experimental results and the conclusions derived from them.
19) Camphor:
'Camphor' is mentioned as a solvent in molecular weight determination (Rast Camphor Method). Its relevance lies in the precise measurements necessary for characterizing chemical compounds, emphasizing the importance of purity and methodology in experimental chemistry.
20) Zoology:
'Zoology' signifies the field associated with the study of animals and their biology. This is particularly relevant as the research involves using male rats, illustrating the biological knowledge applied to evaluate the reproductive aspects in a controlled animal model.
21) Family:
'Family' could refer to the classification of organic compounds to which coumarins and related ligands belong. Understanding chemical families aids in predicting properties and behaviors of compounds based on their structural characteristics and known biological actions.
22) Simha:
'Sinha' likely refers to a researcher or scientist whose work is cited in the study. Acknowledging contributions from established researchers enriches the context of the study and shows the collaborative nature of scientific research.
23) Joshi (Josi):
'Joshi' is another individual mentioned in the study, likely contributing to the research. Recognizing collaborators in scientific work emphasizes the teamwork that often drives effective research outcomes and underlines the importance of diverse expertise in scientific studies.
24) Birth:
'Birth' refers to the reproductive outcome assessed in the study, particularly through fertility tests involving male rats. This parameter is crucial for determining the antifertility effects of the tested compounds and understanding their impact on reproduction.
25) Puja:
'Puja' is likely a researcher or author involved in the study. Recognizing individual contributions in academic work highlights the collaborative nature of research, underscoring the roles of specific scientists in advancing knowledge in a particular area.
26) Food:
'Food' relates to the diet provided to the experimental rats throughout the study. Proper nutrition is vital in animal experiments for maintaining health and minimizing confounding variables that could affect the outcomes of the research.
27) Cage:
'Cage' refers to the housing arrangements for the experimental animals. The design and conditions of animal housing are crucial to ensure welfare standards and to provide a controlled environment, impacting the validity of behavioral and physiological observations.
28) Drug:
'Drug' pertains to the ligands and their metal complexes evaluated for antifertility properties. The focus on drug development within the study underscores its significance in contributing to potential contraceptive options and advancements in male reproductive health.