Characterization of gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Molecular characterization of gentamycin resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates in hospital samples
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Walaa Abbas Abdulridha
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Molecular characterization of gentamycin resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates in hospital samples
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study conducted by Walaa Abbas Abdulridha focuses on the rising resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) against antibiotics, particularly Gentamycin. The aim was to identify the prevalence of Gentamycin Resistant Staphylococci (GRS) from various clinical samples and to analyze their in vitro susceptibility patterns to different antibiotics. The research highlighted the significance of accurate detection of methicillin resistance among these pathogens to ensure effective treatment and control their dissemination in hospital settings.
Prevalence of Gentamycin Resistant Staphylococci
Out of the 186 staphylococcal isolates analyzed, 69.35% (129 isolates) were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, with a notable 34.10% (44 isolates) being Gentamycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (GRSA). Additionally, 30.64% (57 isolates) were identified as CoNS, with 26.31% (15 isolates) being Gentamycin Resistant CoNS (GRCoNS). The prevalence of resistance was particularly significant, as both GRSA and GRCoNS displayed alarming resistance rates against multiple antibiotics, underscoring the need for regular monitoring and identification of resistant strains in clinical environments.
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns
The study revealed a concerning trend in antibiotic resistance, where all Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcal isolates (MRS) showed complete resistance to Penicillin and high rates of resistance to other antibiotics such as Cefuroxime (74.57%), Erythromycin (61.01%), and Gentamycin (18.64%). In contrast, all MRS were 100% sensitive to Vancomycin and displayed low resistance to Linezolid (6.81%). This pattern emphasizes the necessity for accurate susceptibility testing to guide effective treatment, especially given the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains.
Importance of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci in Resistance
The research highlighted that CoNS demonstrated a higher overall resistance profile compared to GRSA, indicating a significant threat from these organisms, which are often overlooked in clinical settings. The higher rate of antibiotic resistance in MRCoNS compared to GRSA calls for a reconsideration of treatment protocols and the importance of recognizing and testing the susceptibility patterns of CoNS to ensure appropriate antibiotic selection.
Conclusion
The findings of this study indicate an urgent need for ongoing surveillance of antibiotic resistance in both Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci. The data suggests that while some antibiotics, such as Vancomycin, remain effective, resistance to commonly used treatments is increasing, necessitating careful antibiotic stewardship. Furthermore, early identification of methicillin and Gentamycin resistance is critical for optimizing therapy, reducing the inappropriate use of antibiotics, and preventing the emergence of more resistant strains in healthcare settings.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the main focus of the study?
The study aimed to determine the prevalence of Gentamycin Resistant Staphylococci, including GRSA and GRCoNS, and their in vitro susceptibility patterns to various antibiotics from clinical samples.
What percentage of Staphylococcus aureus was found to be resistant?
Out of 129 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 34.10% were identified as Gentamycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (GRSA), demonstrating significant antibiotic resistance.
How was antibiotic susceptibility tested in the study?
Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for Vancomycin was measured using the E-test method.
What was the sensitivity of MRS isolates to Vancomycin?
All methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) isolates showed 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin, indicating its potential effectiveness in treating infections caused by these resistant strains.
What was the resistance pattern observed in Coagulase Negative Staphylococci?
Methicillin resistance among Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (MRCoNS) was observed at 26.31%, and it demonstrated higher resistance rates to antibiotics compared to Gentamycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
What implications does the study suggest regarding antibiotic treatment?
The study emphasizes the importance of accurate antibiotic susceptibility testing to guide effective treatment strategies and suggests reserving use of potent antibiotics like Vancomycin to prevent resistance emergence.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Characterization of gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial agents are substances that kill bacteria or inhibit their growth. This term is relevant as the study investigates the susceptibility of Gentamycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci to various antibacterials. The findings will help guide the effective use of these agents in treating resistant infections.
2) Study (Studying):
The study presented focuses on the molecular characterization of Gentamycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. It aims to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of these strains in clinical samples. The findings contribute valuable insights into antibiotic resistance trends, informing medical practices and guiding the treatment strategies for staphylococcal infections.
3) Aureus:
Staphylococcus aureus is a significant bacterial pathogen that can cause a range of infections, from mild to severe. Understanding the resistance of this bacterium to antibiotics, particularly Gentamycin and Methicillin, is vital for public health as it challenges treatment efficacy. The study emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring of resistance to manage clinical outcomes effectively.
4) Drug:
The term 'drug' relates to various substances that can be used for medical treatment. In this study, it refers to antibiotics evaluated for their effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. The exploration of these drugs’ susceptibility is crucial for developing treatment regimens that are effective against resistant strains.
5) Table:
Tables in the study serve to present data systematically, allowing for easy interpretation of results related to antibiotic resistance patterns. For instance, tables summarize the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, helping to convey important statistical information in an organized manner that supports the study's findings.
6) Science (Scientific):
Science underpins the methodology used in the study, which involves collecting samples, identifying bacterial strains, and testing their resistance to antibiotics. The scientific approach utilized provides empirical data that can help understand bacterial behavior and resistance mechanisms, ultimately contributing to improved infection management practices in healthcare settings.
7) Andhra (Amdhra):
Andhra Pradesh is a state in India where the study was conducted. The geographical location is significant as it reflects local bacterial resistance patterns and healthcare challenges. The findings contribute region-specific knowledge about staphylococcal infections, resistance rates, and antibiotic efficacy within the context of healthcare practices in Andhra Pradesh.
8) India:
India presents a diverse scenario concerning antibiotic resistance, particularly in hospital settings. The study sheds light on the resistance prevalence in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, pertinent to the Indian healthcare landscape. The results could influence national policies and strategies aimed at combating antibiotic resistance in the country.
9) Blood:
Blood is one of the clinical samples from which staphylococcal isolates were obtained in the study. The presence of bacteria in blood signifies severe infections that need immediate attention. Understanding antibiotic resistance in blood samples can directly impact treatment decisions and improve patient management in healthcare facilities.
10) Northern India:
Northern India serves as a comparative reference in the study regarding the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Findings from this region can help contextualize the resistance patterns observed in Andhra Pradesh and may reveal geographical disparities in antibiotic resistance that warrant targeted healthcare interventions.
11) Observation:
Observation in the study refers to the systematic collection of data regarding antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Notable observations include the high rates of resistance found in Gentamycin resistant Staphylococci. Such observations are crucial for developing actionable insights into treatment strategies and understanding the evolving dynamics of bacterial resistance.
12) Discussion:
The discussion section of the study interprets the results, compares them with existing literature, and highlights their implications for clinical practice. This section provides a thorough analysis of the findings, exploring the potential causes of observed resistance patterns and suggesting directions for future research and antibiotic stewardship.
13) Knowledge:
Knowledge encompasses the understanding developed through the study regarding antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. This accumulated knowledge is essential for healthcare practitioners to implement effective treatment protocols and make informed decisions in managing infections caused by resistant bacteria.
14) Activity:
Activity pertains to the biological processes of the bacteria in response to antibiotics. The study investigates the antibiotic activity against different strains of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci to assess their susceptibility. Understanding these activities informs better treatment options and helps mitigate resistance development.
15) Krishna (Krsna):
Krishna refers to one of the authors cited in the study who may have conducted prior research on similar topics. The mention of his work supports the validity of the findings and contextualizes current research within the broader framework of existing knowledge on Staphylococcus resistance.
16) Species:
Species classification in the study specifically refers to Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Understanding different species is crucial, as resistance may vary significantly between them, which can affect treatment decisions. This knowledge assists in identifying the most effective antibiotics for particular infections.
17) Indian:
The term 'Indian' reflects the context of the study performed within India, emphasizing local strains of bacteria and their resistance patterns. Insights drawn from the study could be particularly important for healthcare strategies and the development of guidelines tailored to the specific bacterial resistance landscape in India.
18) Gold (Golden):
Gold typically refers to a standard of excellence or value. In the context provided, it relates to the 'gold standard' methods used for testing antibiotic susceptibility, such as the E-test. These methods are critical for accurately identifying antibiotic resistance, which is vital for effective clinical decision-making.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Characterization of gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Penicillin, Treatment efficacy, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Mortality Rate, Staphylococcus aureus, Antibiotic resistance, Molecular characterization, Gentamycin, Hospital Environment, Coagulase negative Staphylococci, Antibiotic susceptibility pattern, Vancomycin, Hospital acquired infection, E-test method, Amikacin, Drug resistance pattern, High morbidity, Clinical sample, Community-acquired infection.