Focal breast nodularity: clinical, imaging, pathology, and management.
a prospective study
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Clinical presentation, imaging, pathological profile and management of focal breast nodularity based on triple assessment
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Subtitle: a prospective study
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Rekha Porwal, Hanuman Prasad Gupta, Amit Singh, Pramod Kumar Kulhari, Nagendra Singh Bhadauria
Download the PDF file of the original publication
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Clinical presentation, imaging, pathological profile and management of focal breast nodularity based on triple assessment
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study presented by Porwal et al. aims to evaluate patients with focal breast nodularity through a comprehensive approach known as triple assessment, which includes clinical examination, imaging studies, and pathology evaluation. Conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Rajasthan, India, the prospective analysis included 100 female patients diagnosed with benign breast conditions over a two-year period. The research seeks to provide insights into the clinical presentations, imaging characteristics, and appropriate management strategies for focal breast nodularity, highlighting the significance of accurate diagnosis to alleviate patient concerns regarding breast health.
The Importance of Triple Assessment in Breast Lumps
Triple assessment serves as a cornerstone in the diagnosis and management of breast lumps, encompassing clinical evaluation, imaging, and pathological analysis. This approach is critical in distinguishing between benign and malignant conditions and in addressing patient anxiety related to breast lumps. The study highlighted that, while the majority of breast lumps are benign, approximately 70% of patients presenting with complaints such as breast lumps or pain ultimately require this thorough evaluation. The study demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and trucut biopsy, indicating their effectiveness in identifying nonproliferative and proliferative breast diseases.
Pathological Findings and Their Implications
The classification of breast conditions into nonproliferative, proliferative without atypia, and proliferative with atypia is a vital aspect of understanding breast pathology related to focal nodularity. In the study, nonproliferative conditions were found in 72% of cases, while proliferative changes without atypia accounted for 21%, and proliferative changes with atypia comprised 4%. The presence of atypical changes is crucial as they significantly increase the risk of subsequent breast cancer, necessitating further intervention and monitoring. This nuanced classification underscores that while many breast lumps are benign, the identification of potentially concerning conditions can guide appropriate management strategies.
Treatment Modalities and Patient Response
The management of breast nodularity varies based on the pathological classifications established through the triple assessment. The study found that conservative management, including reassurance and the use of medications like NSAIDs, evening primrose oil, or danazol, was effective for most patients. In cases of proliferative disease with atypia, surgical intervention was warranted. The patients' responses to various treatment modalities indicated that while reassurance and simple analgesics could alleviate symptoms in certain populations, a tailored approach considering the underlying pathology was essential for optimal patient care.
Conclusion
The findings from the study contribute significantly to the understanding of focal breast nodularity and its clinical management. It emphasizes the efficacy of a structured diagnostic protocol, including triple assessment, in providing reassurance to patients while ensuring that potentially harmful conditions are identified and addressed. The classification of breast diseases into nonproliferative and proliferative categories aids in risk assessment and management planning. Ultimately, the study supports the notion that the majority of breast nodules are benign, but careful evaluation is crucial in navigating the complexities associated with breast health, particularly in women of reproductive age.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the aim of the study on focal breast nodularity?
The study aimed to evaluate patients presenting with focal breast nodularity using clinical, pathological, and radiological examination to determine outcomes and treatment options.
What were the common symptoms reported by the patients?
All patients presented with a breast lump, with many also experiencing pain. The pain varied, with 30 patients experiencing cyclical discomfort associated with their menstrual cycle.
How many patients were included in this breast study?
The study included 100 consecutive female patients who presented with benign breast conditions classified as focal breast nodularity between January 2013 and January 2015.
What diagnostic methods were utilized in the study?
The study employed clinical assessment, imaging techniques like ultrasonography and mammography, and pathological evaluations including Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and TRUCUT biopsy.
What treatment options were provided to the patients?
Patients received conservative management with reassurance, NSAIDs, evening primrose oil, and danazol. Surgical management was performed for cases with proliferative changes with atypia.
What were the key findings regarding FNAC diagnostic accuracy?
The study found the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in detecting focal breast nodularity to be 95%, while TRUCUT biopsy demonstrated even higher accuracy at 98%.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Focal breast nodularity: clinical, imaging, pathology, and management.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Disease:
In the context of the study, 'disease' refers to benign breast disorders that present with focal nodularity, which are the main concerns addressed through clinical assessment, imaging, and pathology. Understanding the nature of breast diseases helps in appropriate diagnosis, management, and alleviation of patient concerns regarding malignancy.
2) Study (Studying):
The term 'study' signifies the structured investigation conducted to evaluate patients with focal breast nodularity. This prospective study aimed to analyze clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, and treatment outcomes in a defined sample of female patients, providing critical insights into benign breast conditions and their management.
3) Pain:
'Pain' refers to a common symptom presented by patients with breast nodularity, often causing discomfort and concern. In the study, pain characteristics were analyzed to understand its frequency and association with breast conditions, which is crucial for diagnosis and deciding on therapeutic approaches for effective management.
4) Table:
The 'table' indicates the organized presentation and summarization of various data points within the study, including demographics, clinical findings, and treatment responses. Tables facilitate easier comprehension and comparison of results, enhancing the clarity of the study's findings and their implications for clinical practice.
5) Cancer:
In the context of the study, 'cancer' is referenced to describe potential malignancies associated with atypical findings in breast nodularity cases. Understanding breast cancer risk is critical for patient assessment and management, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis through triple assessment to ensure timely and effective interventions.
6) Rajasthan:
'Rajasthan' denotes the geographical region where the study was conducted, providing context to the demographic and cultural factors relating to breast health. Insights from this location may contribute to understanding regional variations in breast disorders, treatment accessibility, and the overall healthcare landscape in India.
7) Nature:
'Nature' relates to the characteristics or qualities of the breast nodularities encountered in the study. Defining the nature of these nodularities (benign vs. potentially malignant) is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment. Understanding these aspects aids healthcare professionals in managing patient expectations and concerns.
8) Ajmer:
'Ajmer' is the city in Rajasthan where the research took place. The specific urban setting may influence patient demographics, socioeconomic factors, and healthcare access, all of which are important for understanding the broader implications of the study's findings on breast health in this locale.
9) Attending:
The term 'attending' refers to the patients who approached the hospital for evaluation and treatment of breast nodularity. Understanding the characteristics of these patients can inform healthcare professionals about the prevalence and context of benign breast conditions, helping to design better screening and educational programs.
10) India:
'India' is significant as the country where the study was conducted. It represents a diverse population with unique healthcare needs and cultural contexts. The findings of the study can provide valuable insights for addressing breast health issues prevalent among Indian women, contributing to national health strategies.
11) Drug:
'Drug' refers to pharmacological treatments provided to patients experiencing breast-related symptoms, particularly mastalgia. The study explores various medications, such as NSAIDs and evening primrose oil, highlighting their effectiveness in symptom relief, thus informing treatment options for benign breast conditions among patients.
12) Discussion:
'Discussion' denotes the section where the authors interpret their findings in relation to existing literature. It serves to contextualize the results, offering insights into the clinical implications of the study outcomes, treatment approaches, and recommendations for future research in managing breast disorders.
13) Developing:
'Developing' refers in this context to the ongoing process of understanding benign breast disorders, including their classification, diagnosis, and management. The study contributes to the developing body of knowledge about breast health, establishing best practices in treatment and diagnosis for healthcare providers.
14) Nagendra (Naga-indra):
'Nagendra' is the name of one of the authors of the study, and his affiliation adds credibility to the research. The collaboration among multiple authors denotes a diverse input of expertise, which strengthens the study’s findings and presents a comprehensive understanding of breast nodularity.
15) Relative:
'Relative' refers to the concept of risk assessment in relation to breast conditions. This includes relative risk for developing cancer associated with certain benign conditions, important for guiding patient management and informing them about the implications of findings and necessary follow-up care.
16) Hanuman (Hanumat):
'Hanuman' refers to one of the authors involved in the research study. His contribution, along with other co-authors, showcases a collaborative effort focused on advancing understanding and management of breast nodularity, emphasizing the multispecialty approach in healthcare for better patient outcomes.
17) Account:
'Account' is used in the context of presenting the findings of the study and detailing the patient experiences and treatment responses. This comprehensive account of various aspects of benign breast conditions aids in forming a holistic view of breast health management.
18) Anxiety:
'Anxiety' is a common emotional response among patients presenting with breast lumps. The study aims to address this aspect by emphasizing the effectiveness of reassurance and appropriate management, helping to alleviate patient concerns regarding potential malignancies linked to breast nodularity.
19) Reason:
'Reason' denotes the underlying cause or justification for conducting the study, which includes improving diagnosis and management techniques for breast nodularity. Identifying the reasons helps in promoting awareness, enhancing early detection, and ensuring timely interventions for women's health conditions.
20) Indian:
'Indian' refers to the context of the study being set in India, highlighting the unique cultural, healthcare, and demographic aspects influencing the presentation and management of breast disorders. Insights from Indian populations can enhance tailored healthcare strategies focusing on women's health.
21) Rekha:
'Rekha' is another author of the study. Her participation adds to the diversity of expertise in the research team, enhancing the depth and reliability of the findings. The collaboration among authors underscores the importance of varied perspectives in healthcare research.
22) Gupta:
'Gupta' refers to one of the contributing authors. His involvement illustrates the breadth of knowledge and experience behind the study, enhancing its credibility and the interpretations of the clinical implications of the findings in managing focal breast nodularity.
23) Kumar:
'Kumar' is part of the team of authors, representing the collaborative nature of the study. Each author’s contribution reflects a blend of experiences, fostering a comprehensive examination of clinical practices related to breast health, which is crucial for advancing treatment strategies.
24) Wall:
'Wall' signifies the anatomical aspect related to the breast, particularly concerning physical changes and structural integrity. Understanding the breast wall and its characteristics is essential in diagnosing conditions, assessing imaging results, and planning appropriate surgical interventions in breast care.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Focal breast nodularity: clinical, imaging, pathology, and management.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Conservative management, Ultrasonography (USG), Mammography, Benign breast disorders, Excisional biopsy, Patient parameters, Diagnosis accuracy.