Phytochemical screening and anticancer activity of Vitex negundo extract.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Phytochemical screening and evaluation of anticancer, antioxidant activity of crude leaf extract of vitex negundo linnin experimental animal
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Kayande Nandu and Dr. Patel Rakesh,
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Phytochemical screening and evaluation of anticancer, antioxidant activity of crude leaf extract of vitex negundo linnin experimental animal
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study focuses on the anticancer and antioxidant properties of the crude leaf extract of Vitex negundo Linn, evaluated through experimental animal models. This research aims to provide an alternative to synthetic drugs that often come with severe side effects, emphasizing the potential of herbal remedies in cancer management. The leaf extracts were specifically examined against Dalton’s ascitic lymphoma (DAL) cell lines, and the study measured various parameters including tumor volume, cell viability, and key hematological indices to assess the therapeutic efficacy of the extract.
Anticancer Activity of Vitex Negundo
The anticancer effects of the ethanolic extract of Vitex negundo were demonstrated through experiments on Swiss albino mice. Various dosages of the extract (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight) were administered orally for 14 consecutive days. The results indicated a significant increase in the life span of the DAL-bearing mice, improvement in the hematological parameters, and a marked reduction in tumor volume and viable cell counts. The extract’s antitumor activity correlated with its dose, revealing that the higher the dosage, the more pronounced the effects, although not in a linear manner.
Antioxidant Properties and Mechanisms
The study also highlighted the antioxidant potential of Vitex negundo extracts, which exhibited significant radical scavenging activity (RSA) against the stable DPPH radical. Specifically, the extract showed an ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, which is involved in the production of reactive oxygen species. This property is significant as it suggests that the extracts not only combat the growth of tumor cells but also help neutralize oxidative stress, which is often associated with cancer progression.
Phytochemical Composition Analysis
Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of beneficial compounds such as flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, and saponins. The flavonoids, in particular, are known for their antimutagenic and antimalignant effects. This suggests that the therapeutic benefits of Vitex negundo may be linked to its rich phytochemical profile, providing a basis for further research into individual compounds and their specific roles in anticancer activity.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that Vitex negundo Linn exhibits promising anticancer and antioxidant properties, making it a potential candidate for cancer therapy. The significant effects observed in animal models demonstrate the necessity for further investigation into the extract's active components and the mechanisms underlying its efficacy. As the quest for safer and effective cancer treatments continues, herbal medicines like Vitex negundo could play an important role in future therapies, offering hope for improved patient outcomes with fewer side effects.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the study on Vitex negundo Linn?
The study evaluates the anticancer and antioxidant activities of the crude leaf extract of Vitex negundo Linn against Dalton's ascitic lymphoma cell line in experimental animals.
What methods were used to assess anticancer activity?
Anticancer activity was assessed through parameters like tumor volume, tumor cell count, viable and non-viable cell counts, mean survival time, and percentage increase in lifespan in tumor-bearing mice.
How does the extract affect cancer survival rates in mice?
The extract significantly increased the lifespan of DAL treated mice, restoring hematological parameters when compared to untreated controls, indicating potential anticancer properties.
What were the significant findings in antioxidant assessment?
The extract demonstrated significant radical scavenging activity and the ability to reduce Fe3+, showing its potential as an antioxidant agent.
What phytochemicals were identified in Vitex negundo Linn?
The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, and saponins, which may contribute to its therapeutic effects.
What is the dose range used in the study for the extract?
The study experimented with doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight administered orally to evaluate their effect on DAL in Swiss albino mice.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Phytochemical screening and anticancer activity of Vitex negundo extract.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity refers to the effectiveness or actions of a substance, particularly in scientific studies like the evaluation of Vitex negundo extract. In this context, it denotes the extract's potential anticancer and antioxidant properties, crucial for assessing its utility in therapeutic applications and health benefits.
2) Cancer:
Cancer represents a critical global health issue characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. The study focused on evaluating the effects of a herbal extract on cancer cells, aiming to find effective treatments that mitigate adverse side effects generally associated with conventional cancer therapies and improve patient outcomes.
3) Life:
Life encompasses the biological existence of organisms and is significantly impacted by disease. In the study, the measure of life, particularly longevity and quality of life in mice post-treatment, is vital. Improved life span after treatment reflects the efficacy of the extract in combating cancer.
4) Drug:
Drugs refer to substances used in the treatment, prevention, or diagnosis of diseases. In this study, the herbal extract from Vitex negundo explores its potential as a natural anticancer drug, providing an alternative to synthetic drugs, which often carry severe side effects.
5) Study (Studying):
Studying pertains to the careful examination and analysis of subjects or phenomena. In this context, studying the effects of Vitex negundo extract on cancerous cells is crucial for discovering new therapeutic options and enhancing our understanding of its pharmacological benefits.
6) Animal:
Animal refers to non-human living beings used in research. This study utilizes mature male Swiss albino mice to evaluate the effects of Vitex negundo extract. Animal testing is crucial for understanding biological processes and testing the safety and efficacy of potential new treatments before clinical trials in humans.
7) India:
India is the country where the study was conducted, specifically in the Madhya Pradesh region. The cultural use of herbal medicine in India underscores the significance of local flora in research. This geographical aspect enriches the study, linking traditional practices with scientific validation.
8) Water:
Water is essential for life and plays a vital role in the overall health of study subjects. In the experiment, mice had free access to water throughout the study, ensuring proper hydration, which is necessary for reliable results and the well-being of the animals under observation.
9) Table:
Table pertains to a systematic arrangement of data for easy reference. In this context, tables summarize the effects of the extract on various parameters like survival time and cell counts, facilitating quick comparison and understanding of the research findings, crucial for analysis.
10) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical denotes bioactive compounds found in plants, which may contribute to health benefits. The study examines the phytochemical constituents of Vitex negundo, revealing their potential role in anticancer and antioxidant activities, and highlights the significance of natural products in therapeutic applications.
11) Food:
Food relates to the nutrition supplied to the study animals, ensuring they remain healthy during the experiment. The type of food consumed impacts the overall health and metabolic processes in subjects, influencing the interpretation of data on the extract's effects against cancer.
12) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems. This research is situated within the field of pharmacology, aiming to understand the mechanisms by which Vitex negundo extract exerts its anticancer and antioxidant effects, vital for discovering new therapeutic agents.
13) Rajasthan:
Rajasthan is the state in India where one of the authors is affiliated. Its inclusion in the study underscores the regional collaboration in research on local plants and contributes to an understanding of the biodiversity of medicinal plants available in India, and their potential uses.
14) Flavonoid:
Flavonoid is a class of phytochemicals known for their antioxidant properties. The presence of flavonoids in the Vitex negundo extract indicates a possible mechanism for its anticancer effects, as these compounds can scavenge free radicals, thus potentially reducing oxidative stress associated with cancer progression.
15) Nature:
Nature signifies the natural environment where plants grow and flourish. The study emphasizes the importance of natural sources in medicine, arguing for the exploration of herbal remedies and their efficacy against diseases like cancer, highlighting a return to traditional healing practices.
16) Death:
Death is the cessation of life, often a consideration in studies of disease impact. Within the context of cancer treatment, understanding mortality rates in mice after treatment with Vitex negundo extract is crucial for assessing its effectiveness and potential to extend life span.
17) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid in living organisms carrying nutrients and oxygen. In this study, hematological parameters, including RBC and WBC counts, are examined to assess how the extract affects overall health, immune function, and the body’s response to tumor growth.
18) Line:
Line refers to the cell line, specifically Dalton’s ascitic lymphoma cells used in this research. Understanding how the extract impacts specific cancer cell lines is vital for evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic agents against particular cancer types and mechanisms of action derived from plant extracts.
19) Male:
Male indicates the gender of the mice used in the study. The selection of mature male Swiss albino mice is relevant for consistency in experimental results, as gender can influence physiological responses and outcomes in pharmacological studies, particularly in cancer research.
20) Chemotherapy:
Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to treat cancer but often leads to severe side effects. The study emphasizes the importance of exploring alternative therapies like Vitex negundo extract, which may provide effective cancer treatment options with fewer adverse effects, seeking to improve patient care.
21) Measurement:
Measurement refers to quantifying variables and parameters in research. Accurate measurement of tumor volume, blood parameters, and cell counts are essential to evaluate the efficacy of the Vitex negundo extract, ensuring the reliability of data and conclusions drawn from the study.
22) Discussion:
Discussion encompasses the interpretation and analysis of research findings. In this study, the discussion highlights the significance of observed effects and suggests potential mechanisms of action for the anticancer properties of the extract, integrating results with existing literature in the field.
23) Patanjali:
Patanjali is a company known for its herbal and Ayurvedic products, included here as the source of laboratory chow for the study animals. Their involvement signifies a link between local industry practices and scientific research on herbal medicines, fostering innovation in traditional medicine.
24) Maheshwar:
Maheshwar is a location in India relevant to the study's origin and the collaboration of institutions involved. Mentioning specific places emphasizes the local sources of medicinal plants, enhancing the understanding of their availability and the role of geographic diversity in herbal research.
25) Medicine:
Medicine refers to the practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease. This study contributes to the broader medical field by investigating the therapeutic potential of herbal extracts, aiming to bridge the gap between traditional and modern medicine in the approach to cancer treatment.
26) Quality:
Quality indicates the standard or degree of excellence of a treatment or product. The research aims to enhance the quality of life for cancer patients by exploring effective natural therapies, addressing the need for treatments that maintain health without severe side effects common to conventional options.
27) Disease:
Disease refers to a pathological condition or disorder, with cancer being a critical focus of this research. Understanding the mechanisms behind diseases and their treatments, especially through herbal remedies, is essential for developing effective interventions and improving overall public health.
28) Pursued:
Pursued refers to the ongoing effort to achieve better treatment options. In this study, the relentless pursuit of effective natural therapies for cancer highlights the commitment to improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden of disease on global populations.
29) Madhya:
Madhya indicates the central region of India and denotes the specific area where plant samples were collected for the study. This regional focus underscores the importance of localized biodiversity and its potential contributions to medicinal research and the discovery of novel therapeutic agents.
30) Indore:
Indore is a city in India where the cancer research center provided Dalton’s ascitic lymphoma cells. Its relevance lies in promoting local scientific collaboration and access to vital resources necessary for advancing research in cancer treatment and exploring the efficacy of traditional remedies.
31) Patel:
Patel is a surname associated with one of the authors in the study. The mention of individual contributors emphasizes the collaborative nature of scientific research and the importance of academic partnerships in evaluating and validating the therapeutic potentials of herbal extracts.
32) Cage:
Cage refers to the standard housing used for the study animals. Providing adequate space and environmental conditions ensures ethical standards in animal research, which is crucial for the well-being of mice and the reliability of experimental outcomes during the study.
33) Road:
Road signifies the location aspect in this study, particularly in relation to the institutions involved in the research. It represents the accessibility of the research infrastructure and educational institutions, emphasizing their role in facilitating scientific exploration and innovation within the context of herbal medicine.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Phytochemical screening and anticancer activity of Vitex negundo extract.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Statistical analysis, Antioxidant activity, Phytochemical screening, Free radical scavenging activity, Hematological Parameters, Swiss albino mice, Mean survival time, Ethanol extract, Experimental protocol, DPPH, Vitex negundo Linn, Crude leaf extract, Haematological studies, Antitumour activity, Xanthine oxidase, Dalton's ascitic lymphoma, Tumour volume, Increase in life span.