Antioxidant evaluation of Gracilaria fergusonii extracts.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: In vitro antioxidant evaluation of gracilaria fergusonii using various solvent extracts
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Jenifer P. and C. P. Balakrishnan
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: In vitro antioxidant evaluation of gracilaria fergusonii using various solvent extracts
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study conducted by Jenifer P. and C. P. Balakrishnan explores the antioxidant properties of the red algae Gracilaria fergusonii through in vitro evaluations using various solvent extracts. The research focuses on the capacity of these extracts to scavenge free radicals, specifically nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radicals. The antioxidant activities were measured by comparing the extracts' effectiveness against standard ascorbic acid across different concentrations. Results indicated that chloroform extracts exhibited superior efficacy in scavenging free radicals when compared to methanol and aqueous extracts.
Antioxidant Properties of Gracilaria fergusonii
Gracilaria fergusonii has emerged as a significant source of antioxidants, essential compounds that inhibit oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals. Free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), are naturally produced through metabolism but can be harmful when present in excess, leading to cell damage and various chronic diseases. By extracting the algae using solvents such as methanol, chloroform, and water, the study evaluated the antioxidant potential of these natural extracts through various assays.
Free Radical Scavenging Activity
The study highlighted two primary methods of free radical scavenging: the NO scavenging method and the H2O2 scavenging method. Results showed that the IC50 values, which indicate the concentration required for 50% inhibition of free radicals, were notably low for the chloroform extract, suggesting it has higher scavenging potential compared to methanol and aqueous extracts. The IC50 for NO scavenging activities was reported as 222.77 µg/ml for the chloroform extract in contrast to 690.77 µg/ml for methanol and 1058.65 µg/ml for the aqueous extract.
Comparison with Standard Ascorbic Acid
Ascorbic acid served as the reference standard for measuring the antioxidant capacity of the algae extracts. The study found that the ascorbic acid had IC50 values of 163.05 µg/ml for NO and 855.38 µg/ml for H2O2 scavenging. When comparing these values to those of the algae extracts, it was noted that while the chloroform extract demonstrated significant free radical scavenging activity, it was still less effective than ascorbic acid in NO scavenging but more effective in H2O2 scavenging. This indicates the potential of G. fergusonii as a natural antioxidant source.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the research demonstrates that the chloroform extract of Gracilaria fergusonii exhibits promising antioxidant properties, particularly in scavenging nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide radicals, outperforming its methanol and aqueous counterparts. This highlights the importance of exploring natural sources for antioxidants, which may offer significant health benefits and contribute to the development of pharmaceutical applications. Further research into isolating specific bioactive compounds from the algae is suggested to ascertain their potency and safety as potential antioxidant candidates.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the aim of the study on Gracilaria fergusonii?
The study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of Gracilaria fergusonii using various solvent extracts against nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide radicals, comparing results with standard ascorbic acid.
Which solvent extract showed the highest antioxidant activity?
The chloroform extract of Gracilaria fergusonii demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity for both nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging compared to methanol and aqueous extracts.
What are the IC50 values measured in this study?
IC50 values for nitric oxide scavenging were 222.77 µg/ml for chloroform extract and 690.77 µg/ml for methanol extract, while hydrogen peroxide IC50 values were 266.23 µg/ml and 983.76 µg/ml respectively.
How were the extracts of Gracilaria fergusonii prepared?
To prepare the extracts, 10g of powdered Gracilaria fergusonii was extracted using methanol, chloroform, and distilled water through a Soxhlet extractor for six hours, followed by concentration under reduced pressure.
What are free radicals and why are they important?
Free radicals are highly reactive molecules resulting from oxidation processes in the body. They can cause cellular damage and contribute to various chronic diseases, making them crucial targets for antioxidants.
What significance do antioxidants have on human health?
Antioxidants play a vital role in neutralizing free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress, protecting cells from damage, and potentially preventing various health issues including aging and chronic diseases.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Antioxidant evaluation of Gracilaria fergusonii extracts.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
In the context of this study, 'activity' refers to the biological or chemical responses exhibited by the extracts of the marine alga Gracilaria fergusonii. Specifically, it pertains to the antioxidant activity measured through the inhibition of free radicals like nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide, which is crucial for understanding the potential health benefits of the algae.
2) Table:
Tables in scientific research present data systematically, facilitating easy interpretation and comparison. In this study, tables summarize the percentage inhibition and IC50 values for various concentrations of the extracts' scavenging activities against radical species, providing clear evidence of the efficacy of Gracilaria fergusonii compared to standard ascorbic acid.
3) Water:
Water, mentioned as a solvent in the extraction process of Gracilaria fergusonii, is significant due to its role in biological systems as a universal solvent. In this study, water was used to prepare an extract of the algae, which is essential for evaluating its potential antioxidant properties.
4) Species:
The term 'species' here refers to Gracilaria fergusonii, a specific type of marine red algae studied for its antioxidant capabilities. Identifying the species is vital for biological research as it allows for focused studies on the unique chemical compounds it possesses that may confer health benefits through antioxidant activity.
5) Study (Studying):
The study represents a systematic investigation into the antioxidant properties of Gracilaria fergusonii. Conducting such studies is important for validating the traditional use of seaweeds in nutrition and medicine, exploring their potential therapeutic applications, and contributing to the broader understanding of bioactive marine compounds.
6) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
Tamil Nadu is a southern state in India known for its rich marine biodiversity. This geographical context is relevant as Gracilaria fergusonii was collected from its coastal areas, underscoring the region's natural resources and their potential for contributing to health through local algae.
7) Substance:
The term 'substance' refers to the various extracts obtained from Gracilaria fergusonii used in the study, including methanol, chloroform, and aqueous extracts. Understanding the nature of these substances is critical for assessing their effectiveness in scavenging free radicals and their potential applications in pharmaceuticals.
8) Toxicity:
Toxicity relates to the harmful effects that free radicals can exert on biological systems. The presence of high levels of free radicals can lead to tissue damage and diseases; therefore, the role of antioxidants in neutralizing toxicity is a central theme in this research.
9) Science (Scientific):
Science forms the methodological basis for this research, as it employs systematic experimentation to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Gracilaria fergusonii. Scientific inquiry into natural products helps elucidate mechanisms of action, validate health claims, and advance knowledge of antioxidant properties.
10) India:
India, where the research was conducted, is integral to the study as it hosts diverse marine ecosystems. The relevance of seaweeds like Gracilaria fergusonii in local diets and traditional medicine is noteworthy, bridging natural resource utilization with health benefits and research opportunity.
11) Tamil:
Tamil refers to the linguistic and cultural aspect of the region where the study took place. Understanding local languages and cultures can enhance the appreciation of traditional practices related to the utilization of marine algae and their significance in nutrition and health in Tamil Nadu.
12) Nadu:
Nadu, as part of Tamil Nadu, emphasizes the regional identity in the study. It reflects local customs and practices concerning marine resource use. This context can provide insights into traditional knowledge related to seaweeds as food, emphasizing an intersection between culture and science.
13) Food:
Food plays a critical role in human health, and seaweeds like Gracilaria fergusonii are traditionally consumed for their nutritional and potential health benefits. Researching their antioxidant properties contributes to understanding how such natural foods can support health and aid in disease prevention.
14) Tiruchendur (Tirucendur, Tirucentur):
Tiruchendur, a coastal town in Tamil Nadu, is relevant as the collection site for Gracilaria fergusonii. The environmental conditions and local ecological knowledge about seaweeds in this area can influence the quality and biological activity of the algae, linking geography with biological research outcomes.
15) Disease:
Disease refers to health conditions related to oxidative stress and free radical damage, which antioxidants may help alleviate. The research highlights the potential of Gracilaria fergusonii's extracts in preventing diseases influenced by oxidative damage, thus underscoring the importance of antioxidants in health.
16) Botany:
Botany, as the study of plants, is pertinent to this research as it involves the classification and evaluation of marine algae like Gracilaria fergusonii. This field provides foundational knowledge essential for understanding plant properties and their applications in medicine and nutrition.
17) New Delhi:
New Delhi, the capital of India, is relevant in this context as the funding source for the research project was mentioned, reinforcing the importance of governmental support for scientific investigations. This also highlights the administrative backdrop for advancing research in traditional and natural products.
18) Calculation:
Calculation refers to the quantitative analysis conducted in this study, particularly in determining IC50 values, which indicate the concentration needed for 50% inhibition of radical activity. Precise calculations are essential for validating findings and assessing the effectiveness of the extracts accurately.
19) Discussion:
Discussion is crucial in scientific research as it interprets the results, elaborating on their implications, limitations, and potential. This section allows researchers to contextualize their findings within existing literature and propose future research directions regarding the antioxidant properties of Gracilaria fergusonii.
20) Medicine:
Medicine is the field concerned with health and disease management. This study explores the potential medicinal applications of Gracilaria fergusonii as a source of antioxidants, thus contributing to the broader discourse on integrating traditional knowledge and natural products into modern medical practices.
21) Pregnant:
Pregnant refers to the specific demographic that can benefit from consuming antioxidants for health maintenance. Addressing the needs of pregnant women in nutritional studies is significant as antioxidants can support fetal development and maternal health, making this research relevant beyond general health contexts.
22) Killing (Killed):
Killing, in this context, relates to the efficacy of antioxidants in neutralizing harmful free radicals that can harm cells. Understanding the ability of substances derived from Gracilaria fergusonii to kill or neutralize these detrimental species is pivotal to evaluating their therapeutic potential.
23) Cancer:
Cancer is a significant health concern tied to oxidative stress and free radicals' damaging effects. Research like this contributes to understanding how natural antioxidants may help mitigate oxidative damage, thereby providing insights into cancer prevention and the therapeutic potential of marine algae.
24) Powder:
Powder refers to the physical form of the dried and crushed Gracilaria fergusonii used in preparing the extracts for testing. The preparation and characteristics of the powder are important for the consistency and efficacy of subsequent antioxidant activity assessments in scientific research.
25) Delhi:
Delhi represents the administrative and educational framework that can support scientific research. It underscores the connection between scientific inquiry and its societal implications, emphasizing the role of institutional support and location in fostering knowledge about marine resources and public health.
26) Rich (Rch):
Rich signifies the high content of bioactive compounds found in Gracilaria fergusonii, indicating its potential as a valuable resource. This term reflects not only the biological richness of the seaweed but also the broader ecological and health-related wealth that natural products can offer.
27) Shand (Sand):
Sand, mentioned during the collection process of Gracilaria fergusonii, highlights the environmental context in which the algae grow. Its mention underscores the meticulous collection techniques that safeguard the integrity of the samples for subsequent analyses, which is essential for reliable scientific results.
28) Life:
Life signifies the biological relevance of the study, emphasizing the intricate connections between marine ecosystems and human health. Investigating Gracilaria fergusonii's antioxidant properties contributes to understanding how natural compounds can enhance life quality by preventing disease and supporting overall wellness.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Antioxidant evaluation of Gracilaria fergusonii extracts.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Oxidative stress, Aqueous extract, Antioxidant, Chloroform extract, Methanol extract, IC 50 value, Natural source, Free Radical, Biologically active compound, Oxidation reaction, In vitro antioxidant evaluation, Solvent extract.