In-vitro antioxidant potential of diethyl phthalate from Decalepis

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant potential of diethyl phthalate isolated from decalepis hamiltonii wight & arn
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

K. Kamalakannan, A. Rayar and L. Megala


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant potential of diethyl phthalate isolated from decalepis hamiltonii wight & arn

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20164-5932


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Summary of article contents:

1) Introduction

The study presented in the World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research focuses on evaluating the in-vitro antioxidant potential of diethyl phthalate isolated from the plant species Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arnold. Antioxidants play a crucial role in protecting the human body and various substances from oxidative damage caused by free radicals. The paper emphasizes the significance of both endogenous and exogenous antioxidants, particularly those derived from dietary sources, to maintain cellular redox balance and reduce oxidative stress-related diseases. Decalepis hamiltonii, a plant endemic to Peninsular India, is highlighted for its medicinal properties, and the study aims to investigate the antioxidant capabilities of its extracts.

2) Antioxidant Mechanisms and Free Radicals

Antioxidants serve primarily as scavengers of free radicals, which are highly reactive molecules that can inflict cellular damage, leading to various health complications like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation. The study discusses the different types of reactive species, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and how these can disturb the balance of oxidants and antioxidants in the body. Such imbalances can result in oxidative stress, a condition linked to aging and degenerative diseases. Understanding the mechanisms by which antioxidants function—such as quenching singlet oxygen and activating antioxidative enzymes—is crucial for developing effective therapeutic agents against oxidative stress.

3) Importance of Decalepis hamiltonii in Antioxidant Research

Decalepis hamiltonii is examined for its potential as a natural source of antioxidants, with particular focus on its methanolic extract and the compound diethyl phthalate. The plant is known for a range of medicinal applications in Ayurvedic medicine, including treatments for stomach disorders and skin diseases. Through rigorous extraction and isolation processes, the study identifies diethyl phthalate as a significant bioactive compound with notable antioxidant properties. The research underscores the potential of this plant not only for its traditional medicinal uses but also for its contributions to modern health through its antioxidant constituents.

4) Experimental Findings and Antioxidant Activity

The findings from the study determined the hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method as effective approaches to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts. The methanolic extract exhibited superior antioxidant capabilities compared to diethyl phthalate, demonstrating significant scavenging percentages across varying concentrations. The study also calculated the IC50 values for both the extracts and standard ascorbic acid, indicating that the methanolic extract requires lower concentrations to achieve the same scavenging effectiveness. These results highlight the potential of natural plant extracts in combating oxidative stress and their viability as alternative or complementary treatments in health care.

5) Conclusion

In conclusion, the research affirms the antioxidant potential of diethyl phthalate and methanolic extracts derived from Decalepis hamiltonii, suggesting their capabilities in mitigating oxidative damage. The study advocates for a shift from synthetic to natural antioxidants, emphasizing the health benefits associated with adopting plant-based alternatives. Additionally, the promising results warrant further investigation into other bioactive compounds present in Decalepis hamiltonii, which may unlock new therapeutic avenues in antioxidant research. The study adds valuable insights into the antioxidant properties of plants and their protective roles against oxidative stress-related disorders.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What are antioxidants and their significance for human health?

Antioxidants protect the body from oxidative damage by inhibiting oxidation processes, acting as free radical scavengers, and reducing agents, thus playing a crucial role in preventing various diseases.

What is Decalepis hamiltonii and its medicinal importance?

Decalepis hamiltonii, known as Magali Kizhangu, is an endemic plant in India with medicinal properties used to cure various ailments, including stomach disorders and as a general tonic.

How was Diethyl phthalate extracted from Decalepis hamiltonii?

Diethyl phthalate was isolated from the methanol extract of the plant's seeds using methods like column chromatography after grinding and extracting dried seeds.

What methods were used to evaluate antioxidant activity?

Antioxidant activity was evaluated through hydrogen peroxide scavenging and Ferric Thiocyanate methods, comparing results with a standard antioxidant, α-tocopherol.

What were the findings regarding the antioxidant activity of extracts?

The methanol extract exhibited stronger antioxidant activity compared to Diethyl phthalate, indicating higher efficacy in scavenging free radicals and inhibiting oxidative reactions.

How can natural antioxidants like those in plants benefit health?

Natural antioxidants can prevent oxidative stress-related diseases, possibly reducing the risk of heart disease, cancer, and other health issues due to their protective properties.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “In-vitro antioxidant potential of diethyl phthalate from Decalepis”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Activity:
The term 'Activity' refers to the specific effects or actions of a substance, such as its ability to scavenge free radicals or exhibit antioxidant properties. In the context of this study, it reflects the performance of Diethyl phthalate and methanolic extracts from Decalepis hamiltonii in inhibiting oxidative damage.

2) Species:
'Species' denotes a group of organisms that share common characteristics and can interbreed. In this document, it mainly refers to Decalepis hamiltonii, an endemic and endangered plant species relevant for its potential therapeutic properties, particularly its antioxidant activity demonstrated in the study.

3) Disease:
'Disease' refers to a pathological condition of a bodily part resulting from various factors including infection, genetic, or environmental issues. The study discusses various diseases associated with oxidative stress, thereby underlining the importance of antioxidants in managing or preventing ailments such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

4) India:
'India' is a country in South Asia, noted for its rich biodiversity and traditional medicinal practices, such as Ayurveda. The research highlights the use of indigenous plants like Decalepis hamiltonii in Ayurvedic medicine, reflecting India's cultural and historical significance in herbal medicine.

5) Substance:
'Substance' refers to a particular kind of matter with uniform properties. In this article, it is used to describe both natural compounds derived from plants and synthetic chemicals, emphasizing the relevance of naturally occurring substances, like phytochemicals, in potential therapeutic applications.

6) Flavonoid:
'Flavonoid' refers to a group of plant metabolites known for their antioxidant effects. They are significant in this study for their ability to scavenge free radicals, thus contributing to the overall antioxidant activity of the extracts from Decalepis hamiltonii as noted in the research findings.

7) Food:
'Food' pertains to any material that can be consumed for nutrition or energy. The document discusses the role of antioxidants in food products, highlighting the importance of natural sources like plants and herbs in enriching dietary intake to combat oxidative stress and promote health.

8) Table:
'Table' in this context refers to a structured representation of data summarizing experimental results. It serves as a visual aid to convey findings related to the antioxidant activities of Diethyl phthalate and methanolic extracts, facilitating easier comprehension and comparison of data.

9) Drug:
'Drug' refers to a substance used for medical treatment, which alters physiological processes. The study touches upon the relevance of natural extracts both as therapeutic agents and as complementary to conventional drugs in managing oxidative stress-related diseases.

10) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
'Tamil-nadu' is a state in southern India, synonymous with Tamilnadu, rich in herbal diversity. The study emphasizes its relevance as a source of various medicinal plants, including those utilized in Ayurvedic practices, thus showcasing local botanical resources.

11) Cancer:
'Cancer' refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. The study emphasizes the role of antioxidants in preventing oxidative damage, which is linked to the incidence of various cancers, thus highlighting the importance of compounds that can counteract cellular damage.

12) Tamil:
'Tamil' relates to the language spoken predominantly in Tamilnadu and parts of Sri Lanka. It also denotes the ethnic group residing in these regions. The study references traditional names and uses of indigenous plants in Tamil herbal medicine practices.

13) Study (Studying):
'Study' pertains to systematic investigation aiming to contribute knowledge in a specific field. This research article represents an exploration of the antioxidant properties of Diethyl phthalate and plant extracts, providing evidence of their potential health benefits against oxidative stress.

14) Human body:
'Human body' refers to the physical structure of a human being. The study discusses the protective role of antioxidants against oxidative stress within the human body, illustrating the necessity of such compounds in maintaining health and preventing diseases.

15) Nagapattinam:
'Nagapattinam' is a coastal town in Tamilnadu, India, which is relevant as the location for the study's lead author and the site of botanical collections, emphasizing the local biodiversity that may be investigated for health-related properties.

16) Kumbakonam (Kumbhakonam):
'Kumbakonam' is a town in Tamilnadu, India, known for its educational institutions and cultural heritage. It is significant in this study as the location for research collaboration and plant identification, showcasing the integration of local knowledge in scientific exploration.

17) Nagali (Magali):
'Magali' refers to the local Tamil name for Decalepis hamiltonii, highlighting the cultural context and local usage of the plant. This strengthens the connection between traditional herbal knowledge and modern scientific investigation into its medicinal properties.

18) Family:
'Family' in botanical terms refers to a group of related plants sharing similar characteristics. Decalepis hamiltonii belongs to the Asclepiadaceae family, which underscores its classification in plant taxonomy and the importance of related species in pharmacological research.

19) Botany:
'Botany' is the scientific study of plants. This field is critical for understanding plant properties, classification, and how plants can be utilized for various medicinal purposes, as described in the research of Decalepis hamiltonii and its antioxidant properties.

20) Taila (Thaila):
'Taila' refers to an oil or tincture used in traditional Indian medicine. The study indicates that various preparations of Decalepis hamiltonii, including oils, are recognized in Ayurvedic practices, emphasizing the therapeutic applications of plant extracts in health care.

21) Water:
'Water' serves as an essential solvent used in experiments for extracting natural compounds. In the study, it is integral for preparing solutions and performing assays, reflecting its fundamental role in biochemical analyses and biological activities.

22) Genu:
'Genu' refers to a genus in biological classification which groups species under a common category. In this context, it underscores the classification of Decalepis hamiltonii within the broader framework of plant taxonomy, vital for ecological and pharmacological studies.

23) Life:
'Life' refers to the condition characterized by growth, reproduction, and functioning of living organisms, including humans. Antioxidants are critically discussed in their role in preserving life by neutralizing oxidative stress and protecting cellular integrity.

24) Pharmacological:
'Pharmacological' pertains to the study of drugs and their effects on biological systems. This term is key in discussing the therapeutic potential of plant extracts, supporting their use in medical treatments derived from natural substances.

25) Phytochemical:
'Phytochemical' refers to bioactive compounds found in plants. In the study, these compounds are highlighted for their role in exhibiting antioxidant properties, demonstrating their significance in health promotion and disease prevention through natural sources.

26) Pharmacology:
'Pharmacology' is the branch of medicine that studies drug action and their effects. The research emphasizes the importance of understanding pharmacological properties of plant extracts, which contributes to the development of new therapeutic agents from natural sources.

27) Inflammation:
'Inflammation' is a biological response to harmful stimuli, which, if chronic, can lead to various diseases. The investigation of antioxidants in this study highlights their potential to reduce inflammation, thereby offering protective health benefits.

28) Chidambaram:
'Chidambaram' is a town in Tamilnadu, India, noted for its educational institutions. It is significant as it mentions the collaborative efforts in collecting NMR data necessary for the characterization of the compounds studied in the research.

29) Calculation:
'Calculation' refers to the process of determining numerical values, which in this context involves quantifying antioxidant activities from experimental data. This is crucial for validating the effectiveness of the extracts studied in terms of their biological activities.

30) Measurement:
'Measurement' denotes the process of determining the dimensions or quantities of substances, such as concentration levels of extracts in the antioxidant assays conducted in this research. Accurate measurements are essential for ensuring credible results.

31) Discussion:
'Discussion' pertains to the interpretation and analysis of results. In this study, it provides a platform for comparing findings to existing literature, highlighting the significance of the results obtained concerning antioxidant activities of the extracts.

32) Collecting:
'Collecting' refers to the act of gathering samples for study. In the research context, it pertains to obtaining plant materials from specific locations, ensuring proper identification and authentication for subsequent analysis.

33) Shatavari (Satavari):
'Shatavari' is a name in traditional Indian medicine that refers to Asparagus racemosus, recognized for its health benefits. The mention in the study signifies how traditional plants are implicated in Ayurvedic treatments, connecting cultural practices to scientific inquiry.

34) Annamalai:
'Annamalai' refers to Annamalai University in Tamilnadu, known for its educational contributions. The university is significant in the research context as it is associated with some collaborative efforts in gathering NMR data crucial for characterizing the studied compounds.

35) Drakshadi (Draksadi):
'Drakshadi' refers to a traditional herbal formulation mentioned in Ayurvedic texts, often used for its health benefits. This highlights the traditional significance of specific plant-based preparations in Indian medicine, underscoring the integration of cultural and scientific knowledge.

36) Knowledge:
'Knowledge' denotes the awareness or understanding obtained through experience or education. In this study, it represents both the accumulated scientific understanding of antioxidants and the traditional wisdom concerning the uses of plants in medicine.

37) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
'Rasayana' is a term in Ayurveda referring to rejuvenation therapies that promote longevity and vitality. Its mention in relation to the studied plant highlights the integration of traditional health practices with the potential scientific basis for such claims.

38) Toxicity:
'Toxicity' refers to the degree to which a substance can harm living organisms. The research on antioxidants emphasizes the potential health benefits of natural substances while addressing concerns around synthetic compounds that may pose toxicity risks.

39) Medicine:
'Medicine' denotes the science or practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease. The study investigates plant extracts as alternative medicinal sources, highlighting the ongoing search for effective treatments derived from natural origins.

40) Powder:
'Powder' refers to a form in which substances are ground into fine particles. In the study, it indicates the preparation of plant materials that are often processed into powders for ease of extraction and utilization in therapeutic formulations.

41) Ulcer:
'Ulcer' denotes a sore on a mucous membrane resulting from inflammation or infection. The study hints at the relevance of antioxidant properties in managing conditions like gastric ulcers, emphasizing the medicinal potential of plant extracts.

42) Fever:
'Fever' is a temporary increase in body temperature, often in response to illness. The role of herbal extracts in alleviating fever symptoms is acknowledged, showcasing their traditional use in treating common ailments within Ayurvedic medicine.

43) Death:
'Death' denotes the cessation of all biological functions that sustain life. The study discusses the potential of antioxidants in preventing diseases that could lead to premature death, underscoring their importance in public health.

44) Earth:
'Earth' signifies the planet we inhabit, which houses diverse life forms. The biodiversity of ecosystems is crucial for pharmaceutical research as it provides a wealth of plants, like Decalepis hamiltonii, that can be sources of new therapeutic agents.

45) Blood:
'Blood' is the fluid that circulates in the body's vascular system, carrying oxygen and nutrients. The significance of antioxidants in protecting blood cells from oxidative damage is also relevant, as diseases like anemia or heart disease can be influenced by oxidative stress.

46) Nadu:
'Nadu' in the context of Tamilnadu refers to a region or state known for its cultural heritage and diversity, relating to studies conducted in this area that focus on local flora and their medicinal properties.

47) Sage:
'Sage' refers to a genus of plants with aromatic properties, known for their culinary and medicinal uses. Its mention underscores the relevance of various herbs in providing antioxidants and enhancing health, paralleling the study of local plants in Tamilnadu.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘In-vitro antioxidant potential of diethyl phthalate from Decalepis’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Decalepis hamiltonii, Ayurvedic system of medicine, Oxidative stress, Reactive oxygen species, Hydrogen peroxide, In vitro antioxidant activity, Antioxidant potential, GC-MS analysis, Free radical scavenger, Reactive nitrogen species, Antioxidative enzyme, Dietary source, Phytoconstituent.

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