Antibiogram of bacteria causing dentoalveolar abscess
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Antibiogram of bacteria causing dentoalveolar abscess
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:
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Poonam B. Chauhan and Pratibha B. Desai
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Antibiogram of bacteria causing dentoalveolar abscess
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20164-5869
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Dental or dentoalveolar abscesses are localized collections of pus that typically occur at the apex of a tooth due to factors such as dental caries, trauma, or ineffective treatment like failed root canals. The infectious process leading to abscess formation can be complicated and influenced by both the virulence of bacteria and the host's immune response. Untreated dental abscesses can lead to severe health complications, including brain abscesses, sepsis, or even death. Despite advances in antibiotic therapy, the rising occurrence of antibiotic-resistant strains has prompted the need for ongoing evaluation of antibiotic efficacy against pathogens associated with dental infections.
The Prevalence of Bacterial Species in Dentoalveolar Abscess
In the study, a total of 101 bacterial isolates were identified from a cohort of 119 patients, with 37% exhibiting acute odontogenic infections. The predominant bacteria isolated included Staphylococcus aureus (47%), followed by Klebsiella species and anaerobic bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Notably, gram-negative anaerobic bacteria represented the largest group, revealing significant diversity in the microbial landscape of dental abscesses. This highlights the polymicrobial nature of these infections and underlines the importance of identifying the specific bacteria involved to inform treatment protocols effectively.
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Observed
The study highlighted alarming rates of antibiotic resistance among the isolated bacterial strains. The gram-negative anaerobic bacteria exhibited particularly high resistance to several antibiotics, with 95.6% resistant to penicillin and 94.4% to erythromycin. Gram-positive bacteria, such as Peptostreptococcus species, also showed significant resistance, especially to penicillin and clarithromycin. The findings underscore a concerning trend in antibiotic efficacy and reflect the urgent need for healthcare providers to tailor antibiotic treatments based on local resistance patterns to enhance patient outcomes.
The Efficacy of Tetracycline and Metronidazole
Despite the widespread antibiotic resistance, the study found that tetracycline and metronidazole remained highly effective against the majority of isolated strains. This significant finding suggests that these antibiotics could be potential first-line treatments for dental abscesses, providing a reliable option even in the face of rising resistance to other commonly used antibiotics. The study advocates for further evaluations on the spectrum of antibiotics used in odontogenic infections, promoting increased awareness of alternative treatment pathways available to practitioners.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study reinforces the multifaceted challenges posed by dental abscesses, including the diverse bacterial population involved and the growing concern of antibiotic resistance. Regular assessment of antibiotic susceptibility is essential to guide effective treatment and mitigate the risk of complications associated with dental infections. Overall, the research advocates for a proactive approach in managing dental abscesses, which includes the consideration of effective alternative antibiotics such as tetracycline and metronidazole, calling for periodic reevaluation of antibiotic use in clinical settings to ensure continued patient safety and health outcomes.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the aim of the study by Chauhan et al.?
The study aimed to investigate bacterial species from dental abscesses and evaluate their susceptibility to antibiotics among a population of patients presenting with odontogenic infections.
What were the most common bacteria found in dental abscesses?
The predominant bacteria identified were Staphylococcus aureus (47%), followed by Klebsiella species, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis.
How resistant were Gram negative anaerobic bacteria to antibiotics?
Gram negative anaerobic bacteria exhibited high resistance, with 95.6% resistant to penicillin, 94.4% to erythromycin, and 91.7% to clindamycin.
What antibiotics were the bacterial isolates sensitive to?
The bacterial isolates were found to be highly sensitive to tetracycline and metronidazole, making them suitable for treating dental abscesses.
What were the demographics of patients studied in the research?
The study involved 119 patients, with 69.8% being male, 30.2% female, and a mean age of 33.8 years.
What are the implications of antibiotic resistance in treating dental abscesses?
Antibiotic resistance highlights the need for periodic reevaluation of treatment protocols to ensure effective management of dental abscesses.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Antibiogram of bacteria causing dentoalveolar abscess”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
The term 'antibiotic' refers to substances that inhibit the growth or kill bacteria, used as a crucial part of treating infections, including dental abscesses. In the study, the susceptibility of isolated bacterial strains to various antibiotics was evaluated to guide effective treatment protocols, highlighting the imperative need to understand antibiotic resistance patterns.
2) Species:
'Species' denotes a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. In microbiological studies, identifying the bacterial species causing infections, such as those in dentoalveolar abscesses, is essential for determining appropriate treatment options and understanding the microbial ecosystem within the human body.
3) Chauhan:
'Chauhan' refers to Poonam B. Chauhan, one of the authors of the study investigating dental abscess bacteria. Her contributions to the research enhance the academic discourse surrounding microbiology, antibiotic resistance, and treatment strategies, underscoring the impact of her work on clinical practices in dentistry.
4) Table:
In research articles, 'table' refers to structured data presentations summarizing findings, such as bacterial strain isolation and antibiotic resistance patterns. Tables provide a clear visual format, allowing readers to quickly assess results, compare data across multiple samples, and facilitate better understanding of complex information in the research.
5) India:
'India' is the nation where the study was conducted, specifically in the state of Gujarat. The country's diverse population and varying health practices make it an important location for researching odontogenic infections, antibiotic resistance, and public health challenges, thus contributing significantly to international health literature.
6) Study (Studying):
'Study' signifies the systematic investigation undertaken to explore bacterial species responsible for dentoalveolar abscesses and their antibiotic resistance. This research is crucial for advancing knowledge in microbiology and clinical dentistry, aiding healthcare professionals in developing effective treatment guidelines and understanding patterns of infections.
7) Gujarat:
'Gujarat' is the Indian state where the research was conducted. Its unique demographic and health challenges provide a relevant backdrop for studying dental infections and antibiotic resistance, influencing both local healthcare practices and contributing valuable data to the global understanding of these medical issues.
8) Aureus:
'Aureus' refers to Staphylococcus aureus, a significant pathogen identified in the study, prominently associated with various infections, including dental abscesses. Understanding its prevalence and resistance to antibiotics is crucial for clinicians in effectively treating infections, thereby minimizing complications and enhancing patient outcomes.
9) Science (Scientific):
'Science' encompasses the systematic study of the natural world, including microbiology and pharmacology. The research in question exemplifies scientific inquiry aimed at understanding the complexities of bacterial infections and antibiotic effects, facilitating a knowledge base that informs clinical practices and guides further studies in healthcare.
10) Commerce:
'Commerce' indicates the field of trade and business. The research appears to be affiliated with a college of commerce, suggesting a multidisciplinary approach that includes the economic implications of healthcare advancements, such as cost-effective antibiotic treatments for dental abscesses crucial for public health systems.
11) Vapi:
'Vapi' is a city in Gujarat, India, where the research samples were collected. It represents a specific locality that provides context to the study, reflecting the healthcare challenges faced by its residents and emphasizing the need for localized research to address regional health issues effectively.
12) Salt (Salty):
'Salt' may refer to 'Mannitol salt agar,' a selective medium used in microbiological studies to isolate specific bacteria, especially Staphylococcus species. The choice of growth medium is vital in laboratory settings for accurately identifying pathogenic microbes responsible for dental infections and assessing their antibiotic susceptibility.
13) Male:
'Male' indicates the gender of patients involved in the study, which reported a predominance of male subjects. This demographic detail is relevant for analyzing the infection patterns, treatment responses, and may guide targeted health campaigns aimed at reducing dental infections among men in specific populations.
14) Providence:
'Providence' in the context of public health relates to the occurrence and management of diseases. It underscores the need for proactive measures against the spread of infections like dental abscesses, emphasizing the interplay between bacterial virulence, host resistance, and effective intervention strategies to manage health crises.
15) Discussion:
'Discussion' refers to the section in research papers where authors interpret their findings, relate them to existing literature, and explore implications. This critical analysis helps contextualize the study's results, fostering a deeper understanding of the microbiological nuances involved in dental infections and potential treatment frameworks.
16) Filling (Filled):
'Filling' refers to dental procedures that restore cavities caused by decay. Its mention in the study relates to potential causes of dental abscesses, emphasizing the importance of proper dental care and preventative measures to minimize the risk of odontogenic infections, thereby reinforcing the need for effective public health strategies.
17) Nature:
'Nature' encompasses the characteristics and behaviors of organisms studied in microbiology. In this context, it pertains to the polymicrobial nature of bacterial infections, suggesting that a multifaceted understanding of microbial interactions is essential for developing effective treatment protocols for complex conditions like dental abscesses.
18) Reason:
'Reason' pertains to the justification for conducting the research, which is to address the growing problem of antibiotic resistance caused by factors including misuse of antibiotics. Understanding the reasons behind resistance trends can aid in formulating effective public health policies to combat infections and ensure optimal treatment outcomes.
19) Medium:
'Medium' refers to the culture mediums used in microbiological assays to isolate and grow bacterial samples. Proper selection of culture mediums is essential to obtaining reliable, reproducible results, which are integral to the accuracy of the study in identifying pathogens and their antibiotic resistance profiles.
20) Death:
'Death' reflects the serious consequences of untreated dental abscesses, including systemic complications such as septicemia. By addressing the risks associated with dental infections in the study, it underscores the urgency for effective treatment interventions and highlights the significant public health impact of managing odontogenic infections.
21) Shri (Sri, Sr):
'Shree' is part of the name of Shree Ramkrishna Institution, where part of the research was conducted. It indicates the involvement of educational institutions dedicated to advancing scientific research, fostering collaboration between academia and healthcare to improve treatment methodologies and public health strategies.
22) Surata (Surat, Su-rata, Shurata):
'Surat' is a city in Gujarat, India, where one of the collaborating institutions is located. The inclusion of Surat signifies the geographical context of the research, reflecting the local public health landscape and its implications for addressing dental infections and antibiotic resistance within the community.
23) Vali:
'Vali' likely refers to 'Valsad,' a district in Gujarat where the samples were collected. The local context is important for understanding the specific healthcare challenges related to dental infections, emphasizing the relevance of regional studies in addressing broader public health issues linked to patient care strategies.
24) Bile:
'Bile' is a component of certain anaerobic culture mediums such as Bacteroides bile salt agar, used to isolate specific bacterial species. The use of bile in microbiological testing plays a crucial role in differentiating between various bacterial strains, thereby aiding in the identification of pathogens causing infections.
25) Sign:
'Sign' refers to clinical indicators or symptoms observed in patients with dental abscesses. Recognizing and documenting clinical signs is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning, as it directly influences the understanding of the disease’s progression and the effectiveness of administered treatments.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Antibiogram of bacteria causing dentoalveolar abscess’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Antibiotic therapy, Morbidity and Mortality, Antibiotic resistance, Incidence of infection.