Mimosa pigra roots' effects on rats' blood and biochemistry.

| Posted in: Health Sciences Science Journals

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Evaluation of mimosa pigra roots on haematological and biochemical parameters of albino rats
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

Shorinwa Olusayo A., Etozuo Nnamdi, Afieroho Ozadheoghene E.


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World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Evaluation of mimosa pigra roots on haematological and biochemical parameters of albino rats

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20164-5843

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The use of medicinal plants continues to play a crucial role in healthcare, particularly in rural and economically modest communities, where they often serve as primary treatment options. However, unlike regulated pharmaceutical products, traditional medicines typically lack standardized quality control and safety profiles, which raises concerns about potential adverse effects. This study specifically focuses on the safety profile of Mimosa pigra, known as the giant sensitive plant, which is used in various regions for ailments such as toothaches and diabetes. The investigation aimed to evaluate the effects of the ethanol extract of Mimosa pigra roots on haematological and biochemical parameters in albino rats, determining its safety and potential toxicological risks.

Effects on Haematological Parameters

One key finding from the study was the significant impact of Mimosa pigra on haematological indices. The administration of the extract at doses of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg resulted in a statistically significant increase in packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), and red blood cell (RBC) counts compared to the control group. These results suggest that Mimosa pigra may positively influence the hematopoietic system in albino rats, indicating potential benefits in conditions related to anemia. However, this effect raises questions about the substance's long-term usage at elevated doses, warranting further investigation into its role in hematological alterations.

Biochemical Effects and Liver Function

The biochemical assessment revealed that the extract did not significantly change the levels of total bilirubin, total protein, or liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). However, there was a concerning increase in alanine transaminase (ALT) levels at higher doses, suggesting mild hepatic stress or damage. Since ALT is a liver-specific enzyme, its elevation could indicate potential hepatotoxicity. This finding emphasizes the importance of monitoring liver function when administering herbal extracts, especially at higher doses, given the liver's crucial role in metabolizing various substances.

Renal Function and General Toxicity

The study also evaluated renal function by assessing blood urea and creatinine levels in treated animals. The results showed no significant changes compared to the control group, suggesting that Mimosa pigra does not pose nephrotoxic risks at the doses tested. Additionally, the body weight of the rats remained stable throughout the treatment period, indicating that the extract did not adversely affect general health. This information is vital for establishing a baseline safety profile for this plant, supporting its traditional medicinal use while highlighting the need for caution at higher dosages.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study indicates that the root extract of Mimosa pigra may be considered safe for use at doses below 500 mg/kg, as it produced beneficial haematological effects without significant adverse impacts on renal function or general health. However, doses above 500 mg/kg may pose toxicological risks, particularly affecting liver function as evidenced by elevated ALT levels. Further research is necessary to clarify the long-term safety and efficacy of Mimosa pigra as a medicinal plant and to better understand its pharmacological properties.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What was the purpose of the study on Mimosa pigra?

The study aimed to investigate the effects of ethanol extract of Mimosa pigra on haematological and biochemical indices in albino rats, particularly assessing its safety and potential toxicity.

What were the doses administered to the rats in the study?

Rats were divided into groups and given ethanol extract doses of 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg, and 1000mg/kg, while the control group received distilled water for 28 consecutive days.

What significant effects were observed in blood parameters?

There was a statistically significant increase in packed cell volume, haemoglobin, and red blood cell count at doses of 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg of the extract.

Did the extract affect liver enzymes in the rats?

Yes, a significant increase in alanine transaminase levels was observed at the higher doses, but no significant changes were noted in aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels.

Were there any observed effects on the rats' body weight?

The study reported no statistically significant changes in body weight among the treated rats compared to the control group, indicating no adverse effects.

What conclusions were drawn regarding the safety of Mimosa pigra extract?

Extracts below 500mg/kg may be safe, but doses above this may pose toxicological risks, particularly affecting liver health with prolonged usage.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Mimosa pigra roots' effects on rats' blood and biochemistry.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid in vertebrates that transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells and removes waste products. The study investigates hematological parameters, such as packed cell volume and hemoglobin levels in rats, to assess health impacts of Mimosa pigra's ethanol extract. Changes in blood composition can indicate physiological responses or toxic effects.

2) Study (Studying):
Study refers to a systematic investigation aimed at discovering or validating new knowledge. In this context, it pertains to the evaluation of the effects of Mimosa pigra extract on hematological and biochemical parameters in albino rats, contributing to understanding potential medicinal uses and safety profiles.

3) Animal:
Animals are living organisms that can respond to stimuli, reproduce, and grow. This research involves the use of albino rats, a common model in pharmacological studies. They provide vital information about the efficacy and safety of herbal remedies, thereby bridging the gap between traditional and scientific medical practices.

4) Table:
In scientific studies, tables present data succinctly to assist in conveying results clearly and efficiently. The various tables in the study summarize key findings related to phytochemical screening, body weight changes, organ weights, and biochemical parameters, facilitating easier comparison of results between control and treated groups.

5) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plants that can play a role in overall health and disease prevention. The study involves phytochemical screening of the Mimosa pigra extract, identifying important constituents, such as flavonoids and saponins, which might correlate with health benefits or potential toxicity.

6) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can harm living organisms. This study investigates the sub-acute toxicity of Mimosa pigra extract by assessing various hematological and biochemical indices in rats, risking liver health with higher doses and aiming to ascertain the extract's safety.

7) Relative:
Relative generally refers to a measure in comparison to another value. In this context, it is specifically used to describe organ weights in relation to body weight. These measurements help assess any effects that the extract might have on organ development or health after treatment.

8) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. The research involves traditional medicinal plants, such as Mimosa pigra, known for various health applications. Understanding their effects through scientific investigations is crucial for integrating traditional medicine with modern healthcare practices.

9) Drug:
A drug is a substance used to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose a disease or to enhance physical or mental well-being. The study evaluates the effects of Mimosa pigra as a pharmaceutical agent, highlighting the importance of investigating the safety and efficacy of herbal preparations.

10) Water:
Water is essential for all forms of life and serves as a fundamental solvent in biological processes. In this study, distilled water acts as a control medium for treatment comparison, ensuring that observed effects of Mimosa pigra are attributable solely to the extract rather than other variables.

11) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of phytonutrients with antioxidant properties found in many plants. The study's phytochemical screening identified flavonoids in Mimosa pigra, possibly linking it to health benefits such as anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects, which are often explored in herbal remedies.

12) Activity:
Activity in this context refers to the biological effects induced by a compound, such as the extract from Mimosa pigra. The research investigates various activities, including hematological impacts and biochemical responses in rats, which can elucidate the extract's medicinal properties and potential risks.

13) Disease:
Diseases are pathological conditions impairing normal bodily functions. The study aims to explore the potential of Mimosa pigra in treating various ailments through its biological activity and existing traditional uses, thus helping improve therapeutic options in managing diseases through herbal remedies.

14) Science (Scientific):
Science is the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world. This study exemplifies scientific research by investigating the pharmacological effects of Mimosa pigra, contributing valuable data on traditional medicine validated through empirical methodologies and scientific principles.

15) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of drug action. The study of Mimosa pigra's extract involves pharmacological assessments of its effects on blood parameters, aimed at exploring its potential as a therapeutic agent after understanding its safety and efficacy.

16) Toxicology:
Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of substances on living organisms. This research examines the toxicological implications of sub-acute exposure to Mimosa pigra, providing insights into safe dosage ranges and potential hazards associated with its medicinal use through comprehensive biochemical analysis.

17) Quality:
Quality refers to the standard of something as measured against other things of a similar kind. In the context of herbal medicine, assessing the quality of Mimosa pigra extract is crucial for ensuring consistent therapeutic effects and safety, particularly given the variability in herbal preparations.

18) Observation:
Observation involves examining phenomena carefully to gather data for analysis. In this study, continuous observation of the rats throughout the treatment duration helps assess changes in body weight, hematological and biochemical parameters, ultimately informing conclusions about the extract's safety and efficacy.

19) Substance:
A substance is any material or compound with a definite composition. The study focuses on the ethanol extract of Mimosa pigra roots as a botanical substance, evaluating its physiological impacts on biological systems, which is essential for herbal medicine development and quality assurance.

20) Powder:
Powder is a solid material that is finely ground. In this study, the roots of Mimosa pigra were processed into powder for extraction, which is a common method in pharmacognosy to facilitate the release of phytochemicals and assess their therapeutic potential in a controllable manner.

21) Pose:
Pose means to present or create a risk or challenge. In the study, high doses of Mimosa pigra root extract are analyzed for their potential to pose toxicological risks, especially emphasizing the importance of dose management in herbal treatments to ensure safety and efficacy.

22) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulation refers to the gradual build-up of substances in an organism. In pharmacology and toxicology, understanding the potential for accumulation of effects from substances like Mimosa pigra is vital for predicting long-term health impacts, as accumulation may lead to toxicity over time with prolonged use.

23) Inflammation:
Inflammation is the body's response to harmful stimuli, including pathogens or toxic compounds. The study assesses whether the administration of Mimosa pigra extract induces signs of inflammation in rats, which is crucial for determining the extract's safety profile and its medicinal properties against inflammatory conditions.

24) Measurement:
Measurement is the act of quantifying attributes or phenomena. In this research, various parameters such as blood composition, organ weights, and biochemical markers are measured to evaluate the effects of Mimosa pigra extract, ensuring data reliability for accurate assessment of its therapeutic potential.

25) Alleviation:
Alleviation refers to the reduction of pain or intensity of a problem. The study seeks to explore the potential use of Mimosa pigra for the alleviation of health issues, indicative of its traditional use in folk medicine and the need for scientific validation of its therapeutic effects.

26) Discussion:
Discussion is a critical analysis of findings. This section of the study interprets results regarding the effects of Mimosa pigra extract, exploring contradictions with existing literature, implications for health, and potential future research directions, thus contributing to a broader understanding of its medicinal value.

27) Container:
A container holds substances for storage or transport. In the context of this study, the ethanol extract of Mimosa pigra is stored in airtight containers to maintain its stability and to prevent degradation, which is crucial for performing reliable and valid scientific analyses.

28) Village:
A village refers to a small community or group of houses in a rural area. The roots of Mimosa pigra used in the study were sourced from Chaza village, highlighting the significance of local practices and resources in traditional medicine, which may inform broader therapeutic applications.

29) Sugar:
Sugar represents various sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates. Mimosa pigra has been traditionally used for managing blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. This study evaluates its potential hypoglycemic effects, contributing valuable information for integrating botanical remedies into diabetes management based on scientific evidence.

30) Pulse:
Pulse refers to the rhythmic expansion and contraction of arteries. In traditional medicine, Mimosa pigra is cited for benefiting conditions like weak pulse. This study considers such uses, aiming to scientifically validate potential cardiovascular or circulatory advantages associated with this herbal remedy.

31) House:
House can refer metaphorically to a controlled environment for conducting experiments. In this study, the 'house' indicates a controlled space where rats were kept, highlighting the importance of maintaining proper conditions for the health and welfare of experimental animals during research.

32) Sign:
A sign is an indication of something. In this research, measured changes in hematological and biochemical parameters serve as signs to assess the health impacts of Mimosa pigra extract, helping to understand potential benefits or risks associated with herbal supplements.

33) Pain:
Pain is an unpleasant physical sensation often indicative of injury or illness. The alleviation of pain is a common traditional use for many medicinal plants, including Mimosa pigra. This study explores its efficacy in managing pain, contributing knowledge to its therapeutic profile.

34) Hand:
Hand can symbolize the act of dealing with or managing substances. In this context, it may refer to the careful handling of the extraction process or administering doses, emphasizing the necessary precision in scientific studies to achieve valid, reliable results.

35) Life:
Life encompasses the condition that distinguishes living organisms from inorganic matter, including growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli. The study of Mimosa pigra's effects on rats contributes to the understanding of life sciences, exploring the complexities of plant interactions and potential health benefits.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Mimosa pigra roots' effects on rats' blood and biochemistry.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Control group, Phytochemical screening, Acute toxicity study, Standard procedure, Biochemical analysis, Sub-acute toxicity study, Packed cell volume, Alkaline phosphatase, LD 50, Chemical constituent, Alanine Transaminase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Experimental animal, Biological membrane, Biochemical parameter, Relative organ weight, No significant change, Haematological parameter, Toxicological risk.

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