Comparative study of rasasindoor physicochemical traits by two methods.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Comparative study of physicochemical characteristics of rasasindoor by two different formulations wsr to rasataringini
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Harshala Mhatre Mangala Jadhav and Vd. Shriram Savrikar


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Comparative study of physicochemical characteristics of rasasindoor by two different formulations wsr to rasataringini

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20164-5797

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The article presented in the World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research explores the comparative study of the physicochemical characteristics of Rasasindoor, a unique Ayurvedic preparation known for its wide therapeutic utility. The study specifically focuses on two different formulations of Rasasindoor prepared from mercury (Parada) and sulfur (Gandhaka). The varying proportions of these ingredients significantly impact their therapeutic applications and effects, leading to a comprehensive investigation that highlights the differences observed in the formulations and their resultant properties.

Importance of Formulation Ratios

One significant aspect of the study is the observation that the therapeutic efficacy of Rasasindoor is influenced by the ratio in which Parada and Gandhaka are combined during its preparation. The study categorizes Rasasindoor formulations into various types based on these ratios, such as Samaguna Rasasindoor (1:1), Dwiguna Rasasindoor (1:2), and Triguna Rasasindoor (1:3), each believed to exhibit unique therapeutic benefits. The study underscores that as the proportion of Gandhaka increases, the therapeutic benefits of the Parada also enhance, with specific ratios associated with defined health effects.

Experimental Methodology

The methodology adopted for the preparation of the two Rasasindoor formulations, namely SamaGandhaka and DwiGandhaka, involved detailed processes over specified durations and temperature settings. For the SamaGandhaka formulation, the process required 12 hours, aided by the catalytic effect of Navasadar, while DwiGandhaka took 20 hours. The results illustrated that the latter formulation exhibited residual deposits of sulfur that may not have sublimed completely during the heating process, thereby indicating variations in procedure efficiency.

Physicochemical Analysis and Observations

The study also conducted various analyses, including Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), revealing notable differences in chemical composition and physical characteristics between the two formulations. Notably, the SamaGandhaka Rasasindoor showed a higher mercury content (74.84%) compared to DwiGandhaka (62.36%). Furthermore, the crystallization patterns and particle sizes varied significantly, implying differences in the formulations’ purity and therapeutic potential.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the comparative study of Rasasindoor formulations illustrates inherent differences that are critical for understanding their therapeutic applications in Ayurveda. Despite both formulations leading to the same end product, HgS, the preparation processes and ratios of ingredients greatly influence their physicochemical properties. This research not only enhances the understanding of Ayurvedic therapeutic preparations but also highlights the importance of standardized methods in achieving optimum efficacy. Further research is encouraged to explore these differences in detail and contribute to the enhancement of traditional practices with modern methodologies.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What are the main formulations of Rasasindoor compared in the study?

The study compares two formulations of Rasasindoor: SamaGandhaka Rasasindoor and DwiGandhaka Rasasindoor, highlighting their physico-chemical characteristics and therapeutic utilities based on varying proportions of mercury and sulfur.

What is the significance of Navasadar in Rasasindoor preparation?

Navasadar acts as a catalyst in the preparation of Rasasindoor. Its inclusion in SamaGandhaka formulation reduces the preparation time and enhances the efficiency of the process compared to DwiGandhaka Rasasindoor.

What were the observed differences in yield between the two Rasasindoor types?

The yield for SamaGandhaka Rasasindoor was 38%-41%, while for DwiGandhaka Rasasindoor it was 36%-38%. Residue was present in DwiGandhaka batches, indicating inefficiencies in sublimation during heating.

What were the organoleptic characteristics of the two Rasasindoor formulations?

SamaGandhaka Rasasindoor had a brick red color and soft crystalline texture, while DwiGandhaka Rasasindoor was dark red but also soft and crystalline. Both formulations were tasteless and exhibited unique appearances.

What did the XRD analysis reveal about Rasasindoor samples?

The XRD analysis confirmed the presence of HgS as the major compound in both formulations, with additional findings of sylvine sodian. Free sulfur was identified only in DwiGandhaka Rasasindoor.

How does the study address the safety of using Rasasindoor?

The study concludes that despite the use of mercury, the processing converts it into the safer compound HgS. When used correctly in prescribed doses and with appropriate anupan, it is safe with a wide therapeutic index.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Comparative study of rasasindoor physicochemical traits by two methods.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Kajjali:
Kajjali refers to a formulation in Ayurvedic medicine that combines mercury (Parada) with sulfur (Gandhaka) in a specific ratio. This product is a primary component in the preparation of Rasasindoor, and its properties are critical for enhancing therapeutic efficacy, serving as a vehicle for delivering medicinal benefits through its unique chemical composition.

2) Parada:
Parada, or mercury, is a key ingredient in Ayurvedic pharmaceuticals, particularly in Rasashastra formulations. Valued for its potent medicinal properties, it is combined with sulfur and other substances to create various therapeutics, including Rasasindoor, which aims to achieve specific health benefits through controlled processing and purification methods.

3) Gandhaka (Gamdhaka):
Gandhaka, or sulfur, is another essential ingredient in Ayurvedic formulations, notably paired with mercury to enhance therapeutic effects. It plays a significant role in determining the properties of the Rasasindoor products, influencing their potency and characteristics according to its concentration in the formulation process.

4) Shuddha (Suddha):
Shuddha translates to 'purified' in Sanskrit and is an important concept in the preparation of Ayurvedic medicines. It signifies that the ingredients, such as Parada and Gandhaka, must be processed through specific procedures to remove impurities, thereby enhancing their safety and therapeutic efficacy in formulations like Rasasindoor.

5) Table:
Table refers to the organized presentation of data, typically in rows and columns. In a research context, tables are crucial for summarizing observations and findings from experiments. They enable easy comparison of results related to various physicochemical characteristics of the formulations to derive meaningful conclusions.

6) Water:
Water serves as a universal solvent in many Ayurvedic preparations, particularly during the purification and extraction phases. It is used for washing and processing raw materials like Parada and Gandhaka, ensuring that the final product, such as Rasasindoor, is free of extraneous substances and safe for therapeutic use.

7) Powder:
Powder is the form in which Ayurvedic ingredients, including Shuddha Parada and Shuddha Gandhaka, are often processed. Finely powdered herbs and minerals facilitate better bioavailability and absorption when ingested or administered, playing an essential role in achieving the desired therapeutic effects of the final formulations.

8) Observation:
Observation is a critical part of experimental research that involves systematically noting data and results during the preparation and testing of Ayurvedic formulations. Observations help document changes in physical and chemical properties throughout the formulation process, contributing to the validation of therapeutic claims and ensuring quality control.

9) Salaka (Shalaka):
Shalaka refers to a metal rod used in traditional Ayurvedic practices for the manipulation and mixing of ingredients during the preparation of medicines. Its use is crucial in ensuring proper shodhana (purification) and sanchalana (mixing), contributing to the overall effectiveness and stability of the final product.

10) Study (Studying):
Study denotes a detailed investigation or examination of a specific topic. In biomedical research, particularly regarding Ayurvedic formulations, study entails systematic data collection and analysis of the various physicochemical characteristics, aiming to establish correlations between formulation methods and therapeutic outcomes like those observed in Rasasindoor.

11) Agni:
Agni, meaning 'fire' in Sanskrit, signifies the importance of heat application during the preparation of Ayurvedic medicines. Different temperature ranges are employed, such as Mridu Agni and Teevra Agni, to ensure the proper transformation of ingredients into bioactive compounds while controlling the thermal properties of formulations like Rasasindoor.

12) Shuddhaparada (Suddhaparada, Shuddha-parada):
Shuddha-parada refers to purified mercury, which is a fundamental component in Rasasindoor preparations. Its purification involves specific processes to eliminate toxins and enhance its therapeutic potency. The application of Shuddha-parada is critical in achieving safe and effective Ayurvedic formulations with intended health benefits.

13) Tamrapatra (Tamra-patra):
Tamrapatra, or copper leaf, is often utilized in Ayurvedic medicine to perform tests related to metal detection, specifically mercury. Its application in quality testing during the preparation of Rasasindoor reinforces the importance of confirming the presence of active ingredients through traditional methods.

14) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
Bhaishajya means 'medicine' in Sanskrit and is a core concept in Ayurveda that encompasses the study, preparation, and therapeutic application of herbal and mineral products. It highlights the holistic approach of Ayurveda in addressing health concerns through a range of medicinal formulations, including Rasasindoor.

15) Kalpana:
Kalpana refers to the process of creating formulations in Ayurveda, focusing on the therapeutic combination of ingredients. It embodies the art and science of preparing medicines by considering their synergistic effects, pharmacokinetics, and interactions, ultimately aiming for optimal health benefits in products like Rasasindoor.

16) Tamra:
Tamra means 'copper' in Sanskrit and is a significant element in Ayurvedic practices due to its historical use in tools and medicinal preparations. It emphasizes its role in diagnostic tests, such as the Tamra-patra test, used to determine mercury presence in formulations, ensuring therapeutic validity.

17) Patra:
Patra generally translates to 'leaf' or 'container' in Sanskrit and can refer to the physical containers used to store or prepare Ayurvedic medicines. It underscores the importance of material choice in maintaining the efficacy and purity of formulations like Rasasindoor throughout the preparation and storage processes.

18) Shuddhagandhaka (Suddhagandhaka, Shuddha-gandhaka):
Shuddha-gandhaka refers to purified sulfur necessary in Ayurvedic formulations powered by its medicinal properties. In Rasasindoor, its role is pivotal in conjunction with mercury, impacting the overall therapeutic profile of the product while ensuring that harmful impurities are removed for patient safety.

19) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a state in India known for its rich tradition in Ayurveda and the practice of Rasashastra. It serves as a geographical context for the research conducted within Ayurvedic institutions where formulations like Rasasindoor are prepared and studied for their therapeutic utilities.

20) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayana is a branch of Ayurveda focused on rejuvenation and longevity. It emphasizes preparing potent formulations that enhance vitality, health, and immunity. Rasasindoor, due to its therapeutic properties, is often categorized under Rasayana for its possible health-promoting benefits when taken in appropriate doses.

21) Pushpa (Puspa):
Pushpa refers to 'flower' in Sanskrit and signifies its importance in Ayurveda as a source of medicinal compounds. Flowers are often used in preparations for infusing specific therapeutic properties, enhancing formulations like DwiGandhaka Rasasindoor with additional benefits beyond the primary ingredients.

22) India:
India, as the birthplace of Ayurveda, plays a significant role in the development and practice of traditional medicine systems. The country is rich in herbal resources and historical texts that outline treatment methodologies, including those used for preparing Rasasindoor and other classical formulations.

23) Glass:
Glass is often used in laboratory settings for its inert properties and ability to withstand heat during the preparation of herbal and mineral formulations. Within Ayurvedic processes, glass containers are preferred for their non-reactivity, safeguarding the integrity of sensitive ingredients during the drug-making process.

24) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasasastra):
Rasashastra is a specialized branch of Ayurveda dealing with alchemical processes and the preparation of mineral-based medicines. It encompasses practices involving heavy metals, such as mercury, emphasizing the importance of purification and safety, as seen in the preparation of Rasasindoor for therapeutic use.

25) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Shodhana translates to 'purification' and refers to processes used in Ayurveda to remove toxins from herbs and minerals. This vital practice ensures the safety and efficacy of raw ingredients, particularly in the context of Rasasindoor, where Shuddha-Parada undergoes multiple purification stages.

26) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa means 'essence' or 'taste' in Sanskrit and holds fundamental importance in Ayurveda as it pertains to the qualities of substances and their effects on the body. It is an integral aspect of formulation design, especially when creating compounds like Rasasindoor, to achieve desired health outcomes.

27) Milk:
Milk is frequently used in Ayurvedic practices as a medium for the preparation of herbal pastes and as a vehicle for administering various medicines. Its role in Rasayana formulations is significant, providing a nurturing base as it is blended with therapeutic powders like Gandhaka.

28) Discussion:
Discussion encompasses the analytical review of experimental results within research. In the context of Rasasindoor studies, discussion points delve into the significance of findings, extrapolating therapeutic implications, and examining the relationship between formulation methods and the efficacy of Ayurvedic preparations based on empirical evidence.

29) Parpati:
Parpati refers to a type of Ayurvedic preparation that involves the combination of metals and minerals with a focus on therapeutic applications. It emphasizes the technological aspect of Rasashastra where various ingredients are processed to create highly potent medications like Rasasindoor, aiming for broader health benefits.

30) Pottali:
Pottali signifies a specific form in Rasashastra where medicines are prepared using various metals and herbs in a capsule-like structure. This method underscores the importance of managing the presentation and dosage of potent compounds, similar to how Rasasindoor is formulated for effective therapeutic use.

31) Bhavana (Bha-vana):
Bhavana refers to the process of incantation or spiritual significance assigned to the preparation of medicines in Ayurveda. It implies mental focus and intention during the formulation process, ensuring that the energies of ingredients is best utilized, which is substantially relevant in the preparation of Rasasindoor.

32) Samanya:
Samanya means 'general' or 'common' in Sanskrit and is often used to describe the qualities of medicinal substances aimed at promoting overall health. It serves as a guiding principle in preparing formulations like Rasasindoor that are intended to address a range of health issues and benefit multiple patient demographics.

33) Lashuna (Lasuna):
Lashuna, or garlic, is well-regarded in Ayurveda for its numerous health benefits, often included in formulations for its antimicrobial and therapeutic properties. In the context of Rasasindoor, it plays a role in enhancing the medicinal qualities of the primary ingredients, augmenting the overall health impact.

34) Triguna (Tri-guna):
Triguna signifies the three fundamental qualities or doshas—Satva, Rajas, and Tamas—in Ayurveda that govern the natural world and human behavior. This framework is essential for understanding individual constitution and tailoring therapeutic interventions, including the preparation of specific doshic formulations like Rasasindoor.

35) Mangala (Mangal, Mamgala):
Mangala translates to 'auspicious' in Sanskrit and highlights the cultural significance of positive intentions within Ayurvedic medicine. It embodies the belief that proper mental and emotional conditions during the preparation of medications, such as Rasasindoor, contribute to their therapeutic efficacy and overall effectiveness on patients.

36) Dravya:
Dravya means 'substance' and encompasses all materials used in Ayurveda for medicinal preparations. It covers a wide range of components, including herbs, metals, and minerals, each contributing their unique properties to formulations like Rasasindoor, which aim for specific therapeutic benefits based on Dravya selection.

37) Jarana:
Jarana refers to the process of amalgamation and transformation of elemental substances in Rasashastra. This term is vital in the context of Rasasindoor, as it encompasses the methods used to bond Parada and Gandhaka, resulting in a stable compound with medicinal properties and therapeutic effects.

38) Cotton:
Cotton is often employed in Ayurvedic preparations for filtering and packaging due to its absorbent properties. In the context of Rasasindoor, it serves both practical purposes during the preparation process and as a protective measure to maintain the purity of the product throughout its development.

39) Kalka:
Kalka refers to a paste made from fresh herbs or other substances used in Ayurvedic formulations. It's critical for preparing Rasasindoor, as it allows the release of active compounds from ingredients like garlic (Lashuna), thereby enhancing the overall efficacy of the final product during the medicinal preparation process.

40) Sama (Shama):
Sama means 'equal' or 'uniform' in Sanskrit and is used to describe formulations that maintain balanced proportions of their ingredients. This concept is important in Rasashastra, as achieving a Sama formulation, such as SamaGandhaka Rasasindoor, ensures consistent therapeutic efficacy and safety across batches.

41) Ghi (Ghee):
Ghee, or clarified butter, is a traditional ingredient in Ayurveda known for its nourishing properties and ability to enhance the bioavailability of medicinal compounds. It is often used in formulations like Rasindoor for its potential synergistic effects, assisting in the absorption of active ingredients within therapeutic preparations.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Comparative study of rasasindoor physicochemical traits by two methods.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Gandhaka, Pottali, Rasatarangini, Shuddhaparada, Comparative study, Navsadar, Temperature pattern, Physico-chemical characteristics, Therapeutic utility, TLC, Kupipakwa Rasayana, Kharaliya Rasayana, XRD analysis, HgS, SEM analysis, Gravimetric analysis.

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